2023年大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总.doc

三级语法考点归纳一 虚拟语气1. if 句中虚拟形式if 引导非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生也许性不大）：条件 从句 主句与目前相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do与未来相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do与过去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done例句If we left (leave) now，we should arrive in time.If they hadnt gone on vacation，their house wouldnt have been broken (break) into.2. 原形虚拟：a. 表命令、决定、规定、提议等词语之后that-分句中，用动词原形。suggest，demand，advise，propose，order，arrange，insist，command，require，request，desire that (should) do例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him.b. It is (was) 形容词/名词that (should) do/例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.3. 某些句型中虚拟形式：1. Its (high，about，the first，etc.) time (that) 动词过去时 例如 Its time we left. 例如 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/sooner 宁愿 as if/ though 仿佛would rather/sooner 谓语用过去时 与目前或者未来相反as if/ though 谓语用过去完毕时 与过去相反4练习1. I _ try it again if I_you.A. will； am B. should； am C. would； were D. would； had been2. If it _ not for the water， the plants _live.A. were； would not B. is； could not C. were； could D. did； could not3. If I _ that chance to show my ability，I _the president of this school.A. have not had； could not become B. had not had； would not have become C. did not have； could not become D. doesnt have； will not become4. He _ by that burglar if you _ to save him.A. might have been killed； hadnt come B. will be killed； didnt comeC. may be killed； didt come D. could be killed； havent come5. If it _for your help， I _that hard time with so little money.A. were not； would not spend B. is not； can not spendC. had not been； would not have spent D. have not been； will not spend6. Where _ you go if war _?A. will； breaks out B. do； will break outC. would； were to break out D. will； is to break out7. She wishes she _ that humiliating thing.A. doesnt do B. didnt do C. havent done D. hadnt done8. The chairman suggested that the meeting _ put off.A. can be B. be C. is D. will be9. It is vital that he _ immediately.A. should go B. must go C. goes D. went 10. It is time we _do our homework.A. begin to B. can begin to C. began to D. will begin to答案：1.选C。体现与目前事实相反假设(指目前假设) (译文；假如我是你，我会再试一次)2选A。体现与目前事实相反假设(指目前假设)。(译文：要是没有水，植物就不能存活。)3. 选B。体现与过去事实相反假设。4 A。体现与过去事实相反假设。(译文：要不是你来救她，她早就被那个窃贼杀了。)5. C。与过去事实相反假设。(译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段艰难岁月。)6.选C。体现与未来事实相反假设。(译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？)7.选D。虚拟语气用于宾语从句。(译文：她真但愿自己没有做过那件丢脸事情。)8. 选B。虚拟语气用于体现“提议”等意义动词后。(译文：主席提议会议延期举行。)9. 选A。虚拟语气用于主语从句(It is was + 形容词 + that 引导分句)。10. 选C。虚拟语气用于定语从句It is time (that).句型。(译文：咱们该开始做作业了。)二动词时态1. 各个时态动词基本变形一般目前时be(is,am,are) do/does目前进行时be (is/am/are)+ doing目前完毕时have/has done目前完毕进行时have/has been doing一般过去时was/weredid过去进行时was/were doing过去完毕时had done过去完毕进行时had been doing 一般未来时will do 未来进行时will do 未来完毕will have done未来完毕进行时will have been doing一般过去未来时would do 过去未来进行时would be doing过去未来完毕时would have done过去未来完毕进行时would have been doing 2. 时间状语与动词时态搭配一定期态往往和一定期间状语连用。always ,usually，sometimes， 一般目前时 do/does am is arelast week，yesterday，a few days ago 一般过去时 did was/ were next week，tomorrow，in a week，this year 一般未来时 will donow，at present，at this moment 目前进行时 be +doingso far，up to now，by the time，since主句 目前完毕时 has/have done3. 练习，用动词恰当形式填空1. He _ (be) eighteen next year.2. It _ (rain) every day so far this month.3. Mozart _ (write) more than 600 pieces of music.4. If it _ (rain) tomorrow，well have to stay at home.5. How fast _ he _ (drive) when the accident happened?6. By the time Mr. Smith left school，he _ (teach) that course for twenty-five years.7. Perhaps he _ (finish) reading the book by this time tomorrow.1. 填will be。 next year为体现未来时态时间状语 2. 填has rained。so far是“到目前为止”意思，常和目前完毕时搭配使用。3. 填wrote。Mozart (莫扎特)是已去世音乐家，故应使用过去时。4. 填rains。在条件状语从句中，要用一般目前时体现未来发生事情。5. 填was.driving。 体现过去某一时刻发生动作要用过去进行时。6. 填had taught。句中有by the time Mr. Smith left school，主语谓语应用过去完毕时。7. 填will have finished。 句中有by this time tomorrow，主语谓语应用未来完毕时。三 动词被动语态1. 各个时态被动语态时态一般目前时目前进行时一般过去时过去进行时一般未来时过去未来时目前完毕时过去完毕时目前完毕进行时未来完毕时积极doam/is/are doingdidwas/were doingwilldowould dohas/have donehad donehas/have been doingwill have done被动am/is/are doneam/is/are being donewas/were donewas/were being donewill be donewould be donehas/have been donehad been donewill have been done1. The construction of the library_ before the end of next month.A. must have completed B. must have been completedC. must be completed D. must complete 2. The subject of these lectures _ by the lecture committee.A. announces B. have been announcedC. announced D. has been announced3. My pictures _ until next week.A. wont develop B. arent developingC. dont develop D. wont be developed4. They _ so that we wouldnt recognize them.A. costumed B. disguised C. were disguising D.were disguised 5. All the apparatus (器械) _ before the experiment began.A. had been prepared B. were prepared C. had been prepared D. had prepared6. The worlds supplies of copper _ .A. have been gradually being exhausted B. has gradually exhaustedC. are gradually exhaustedD. are being gradually exhausted7. The goods _ when we arrived at the airport.A. were just unloading B. were just being unloaded C. had just unloaded D. were just been unloaded 8. Tom _ the best student in his class.A. regards B. regards as C. has regarded as D. is regarded as9. The sports meeting _ because of the bad weather.A. put off B. was put off C. was putted off D. has put off1. C。情态动词被动语态为：情态动词+be+done。(译：到下月底图书馆修建必要竣工)2.D目前完毕时被动语态为：have been+done (译：讲座课题已由讲座委员会宣布了。)3. D。一般未来时被动语态为：will be+done，其否认形式为：will not be +done 4.D一般过去时被动语态为was/were+过去分词(译:为了不让咱们认出来,她们伪装了起来)5. C。过去完毕时被动语态构成为：had been+过去分词。6. D目前进行时被动语态为：are/is/am being+过去分词。(译:世界铜资源正逐渐被耗尽)7.B。过去进行时被动语态为：waswere being+过去分词。(译:咱们到机场时正在卸货品。) 8. D。 (译文：汤姆被认为是班里最佳学生。)9. B。(译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。)四 定语从句1.定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一种名词或代词，被修饰名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which等。 关系副词有：when，where，why等。例题：The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds，_ could gopenniless by next year.A. the large one B. the larger of whichC. the largest one D. the largest of which选B。由于前面有two，因此不能选D， A没有连接手段，也不能选。三级试题中定语从句考题： 1、I tried to get of the business _ I found impossible to carry on. A) why B)which C)what D)where 2、Once more I have to leave Beijing ，_ I have been living for eight years. A) that B)where C)which D)as 3、This book is designed for the leaners_native languages are not English. A)whose B)which C)who D)what 4、She got to know the young man very well_she had worked for so long. A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom 5、The hotel_during the vacation was rather poorly managed. A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed 6、There are so many dresses there that I really dont know_to choose. A)whether B)when C)which D)why 7、I think that Anna is_far the most active member in our group. A)with B)at C)as D)by五倒装1. 当only 放在句首，体现强调时，要用倒装例：Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种措施，你才可以处理这个问题。Only yesterday did I finish the book. 到昨天我才读完那本书。2. 具有否认意义副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装。常用否认词有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，not until，by no means，not only，neither，no sooner，hardly等。例句：Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. 1、Olny when we had finished all the work_that it was too late to take a bus home. A)did we realize B)informing C)informed D)to inform 2、Not until the day before yesterday_to give a speech at the meeting. A)he agreed B)does he agree C)he agrees D)did he agree 3、Young_he is，he has proved to be an able sale sman. A)that B)who C)as D)which 4、Not until yesterday_anything about the project that will be completed soon. A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt 5、He is used to flying by air and on no occasion_frightened. A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt 6、So_after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night. A)excited the mother was B)was the mother excited C)the mother was excited D)excited was the mother 7、So loudly_that people could hear it out in the street. A)did the students play the music B)the students playing the music C)the students played the music D)have the students played the music六it使用方法1.it作形式主语或者形式宾语It is necessary for us to learn English. it这里指代to learn EnglishIt was not very clear what she meant. it这里指代 what she meant2. it 在强调句型强调句型构造为： It is/was +被强调某些+ that(who) +句子别旳某些练习1. It was only when I read his poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so选B。 强调句型强调when引导时间状语从句。2.It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when选A。 强调句型强调时间状语。七形容词比较级 比较级 最高档1.不规则变法 good/well better bestbad worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less least2. 形容词比较级构造(1) 形容词+than 例句：Real friendship is more valuable than money. (2) the +形容词比较级，the + 形容词比较级 例句：The more medicine I take