2023年外研版高中英语必修4短语分单元归纳.doc

Book4 Module 1..

1. have no alternative but (=have no choice but)
除……外别无选用； 只要……
2. alternative energy 可替代能源
3. an alternative plan 替代方案
4. load … with sth. 给… 装某物
load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤
5. be on fire 着火(强调状态)
6. catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)
7. set fire to sth 放火烧某物
8. command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
9. command that… (that从句中要用should+动词
原形，should可省略)
10. free of charge 免费,不花钱
11. in charge of 负责，管理
12. in the charge of 由…负责
13. take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾
14. be charged with… 充满
15. attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上
16. attach oneself to 参与;和…在一起,缠着
17. be attached to… 连在…上；附属于….；
系在……上
18. attach importance/value to sth.
认为某事很重要/有价值
19. for sure 必然地,有把握地
20. sb. is sure to do sth 某人一定/必然做某事
21. be sure + that-clause 确信,相信……
22. make sure of /about sth 保证……
23. make sure + that-clause 保证
24. sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西
25. sth. run out 某物用完了(没有了)
26. rely on/upon 依托,信赖;取决于
27. rely on it that… 指望…..,对……不怀疑
28. get rid of =rid…of 挣脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭
29. with + 复合宾语构造,常用构造形式有:
①with+宾语+目前分词(强调宾语是目前分词动作发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)
②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作承受者或动作已经发生)
③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语特性和状态)
④with+宾语+副词
⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)
⑥with+宾语+介词短语
30. place an order 订购
31. carry out an operation 做手术
32. be optimistic about… .对……乐观
33. be optimistic that… 对…..乐观
34. in shape 处在良好状态,在形状上
35. in the shape of 以….形状;呈……形
36. out of shape 变形,走样
37. look out of 向……外看
38. look out！ 小心，当心
Watch out！；
Be careful!
Take care!
39. for a start 首先
40. to start with = to begin with 首先，第一
41. from the start
= from the beginning 从开头，从开始
42. on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
43. on the way n./pron./to doing 即将,来到,靠近
44. can’t…too或never…too “不也许太….”,
“再怎么….也不过分”
45. Not all…=All…not… 并非所有
Module 2
1. be on display 展览
be on show
be on exhibition
2. permit sb to do sth 容许某人做某事
3. permit doing sth 容许做某事
4. provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
provide sth for sb
5. sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响
sb be impressed by
6. impress sth on sb 使某人铭记
= impress sb with sth
7. sth is impressed on one’s mind
某事被印在脑海里
8. have/leave/make/ a …impression on sb
给某人留下…印象
9. be convenient to sb 对某人以便
10. It is convenient for sb 对某人以便
11. It is convenient to do sth 做某事以便
12. be convenient for sth 对某事以便
13. get around=get about 到处旅游;
到处走动
14. be connected to/with 与…..相连，接通
15. be stuck in 困住,动不了
16. get dressed 穿衣
get washed 洗脸
get lost 迷路
get married 结婚
get charged 充电
get separated 被分散
17. in no time 立即,一会儿
18. on time 准时
in time 及时
19. once upon a time 从前
20. at the same time 与此同步
at one time 曾经，一度,从前有个时期
at no time 决不,在任何时候都不
21. be worth doing 值得做…..
be worth + n. = be worthy of + n
sth. is worth doing = sth is worthy of being done
= sth is worthy to be done
22. “祈使句 + and +简朴句”可以改为if条件句
Think hard，and you’ll have an idea. 使劲想，你就会有主意。
= ?
23. “祈使句 + or +简朴句”也可以改为if条件句
Listen to me，or you won’t understand. = ?
24. under construction 正在建设之中
25. be limited to 局限于…..
26. in rush hours 处在交通高峰期
27. react to… 对…产生反应
react with sth. 与某物起（化学）反应
28. occur to sb (主意或想法忽然)出现与脑中，
被想起,被想到
29. It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到……
It occurs to sb that
30. have sth done 请他人做某事
31. keep cool 保持冷静
keep quiet 保持安静
keep still 不动
keep silent 保持沉默
32. no way 必然不，没门儿
（用于句首时，句子要倒装）

Module 3
1. vary in… 在……方面不一样
2. vary from…to… 从…..到……变化
3. vary with 伴随….而变化,因….而不一样
4. involve sb in… 容许某人参与
5. involve oneself in… 积极参与……
6. be/get involved in… 被卷入到….之中
7. more than 不仅仅
more than 100 = over 100 ， 超过100
more than surprised 十分/非常 吃惊
more …than… 与其说…不如说…(强调前者)
He was more an artist than a writer.
8. on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗
9. on holiday 度假
on leave 休班
on duty 值班
10. hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑
11. hold back 阻挡
hold on 等会儿，坚持
hold down 限制
hold out 维持
12. give away 泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠
13. give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等)
14. give out 发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽
15. mind reader 能看透他人心思人
16. make a deal 到达协议,做成交易
17. communicate with sb 和某人交流
18. be busy with sth 忙于某事
19. shake hands with sb 和某人握手
20. stare at sb/sth 注视着某人/某物
21. stare into the distance 凝视着远方
22. request sb to do sth 规定某人做某事
23. request that sb (should) do… 规定某人做某事
24. make a request for… 规定…..
25. at the request of sb 应某人祈求
= at sb’s request
26. by request(of) 按规定
27. do sb a favour 帮某人一种忙
28. ask sb a favour 请某人帮个忙
29. in favour of 赞成
30. do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人忙
31. lift up 举起;太高;吊起
32. ①up and down 上上下下
②up and down 前先后后
= back and forth
= backwards and forwards
③up and down 到处
= here and there
④up and down 来来往往
= to and from
33. by accident 偶尔地,无意地

Module 4
1. experiment with sth. 用某物试验
2. experiment on sth. 对某物进行试验
3. carry out
perform
conduct an experiment 做试验
do
make
4. make a breakthrough 获得重大突破(进展)
5. convert A into/to B 把A转换成B
6. take the place of = replace 取代,替代
7. in place of 取代,替代(介词短语)
8. instead of 替代,而不是(介词短语)
9. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数
10. quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数
quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数
11. bring up 抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等)
12. bring down 减少
bring about 导致,引起
bring back 偿还;恢复;回忆
bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入
13. search for 寻找
14. search sb/sp 搜查某人或某地
15. in search of 寻求/寻找……
16. as a result of 由于…..成果
as a result 因而,成果
17. owing to
thanks to 由于…
due to
because of
18. the key to… ……关键
the answer to the question 问题答案
notes to the text 课文注释
an end to the meeting 会议结束
the entrance to the building 大厦入口
19. export sth to 出口某物到……
20. the second most important 第二重要
21. be interested in… 对……感爱好
22. graduate from….. 从…..(地方)毕业
23. escape from (out of)+sp. 从某地逃脱;逃走
escape from reality 逃避现实
24. have a narrow escape 九死毕生
25. a fire escape 紧急出口;安全门
26. clear up (天气)放晴;整顿;收拾
27. be known for 因…..而出名/闻名
be known an 以……而著名,著称
be known to 为……所知
28. earn one’s living 谋生
= make a living
get/gain a living 谋生
比较：live/lead a…life 过着…..生活
29. come to power 掌权;执政
30. take power 获得政权
in power 当权,执政
out of one’s power 不能胜任,力所不及
= beyond one’s power
31. It is possible that…. 也许……
32. It’s certain that... 一定…….
=sb/sth is certain to do
It’s certain that you’ll succeed. = ?
33. It’s likely that…… 也许…..
=sb/sth is likely to do
It’s likely that he is doing his homework. = ？
34. It seems that 仿佛……
=sb/sth seems to do
It seems that he knows the secret. =?
35. at war 在交战中
36. be diagnosed with 被诊断出…，患有…
37. become the voice of 成为…代言人
38. partly because of 一某些由于
Module 5
1. surround sb with sb 用某人包围某人
be surrounded by sb 被某人所包围
in the surrounding 在周围环境
2. a narrow escape 九死毕生
3. in the distance 在远处,在远方
from a distance 从一定距离,从远处
at a distance 在一定距离处,隔一段距离
keep sb at a distance 对某人淡漠;
与某人保持距离
4. at the edge of 在……边缘（侧重于在边
缘点上）
on the edge of 在…边缘上（侧重在边缘较
广阔地区）
5. at least = at the least 至少
6. not in the least = not all 一点也不
7. at most = at the most 至多
8. be heavy with 有大量
9. make a detour 绕道而行
10. have four weeks off 休四面假
11. go through 穿过;经历
12. forbid sb to do sth 严禁某人做某事
13. forbid doing sth 严禁做某事
14. require to do sth 规定去做某事
15. require sb to do sth 规定某人去做某事
16. require that sb (should) do sth 规定某人做某事
17. sth require doing 某物需要被做
= sth require to be done
18. on a spot 在现场,当场
19. rip off 敲竹杠;敲诈
20. rip sth off 盗窃,盗取
21. get a kick out of 从……中得到乐趣
22. enjoy doing 喜欢干…..
23. be fond of 喜欢…..
24. go in for 爱好,从事

Module 6
1. attack sb with sth 用某物袭击某人
2. be attacked with a disease 患/害病
3. make an attack on/upon 对…发动袭击
4. a heart attack 心脏病突发
5. come into existence 开始存在;形成;成立
6. a struggle for existence 生存竞争
7. calm down (使)安静下来
8. sb. is unlikely to… 某人不也许
9. It is unlikely that… 不也许……
be likely to... 也许……
10. be related to 与…有关,与…有联络
11. relate sth to sth 把…..与……联络起来
12. There happens to be… 碰巧有……
13. There appears to be… 似乎有……
14. There seems to be… 仿佛有
15. have the fortune (luck) to do sth
幸好(幸运)做某事
16. make a fortune 发财
17. try one’s fortune 碰碰运气
18. die out (家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;
(习俗等)渐渐消失
(火)逐渐熄灭
19. throw light on 协助弄清晰;阐明某事
20. come to light 暴露,被发现,体现出来
21. bring to light 让人懂得,公布于世
22. come straight to the point 谈正题;开门见山
23. beside/off the point 不切正题,无关紧要
24. to the point 切题,中肯
25. be on the point of 正要
26. go for 合用于,应用于;喜欢,偏爱
27. adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……
28. according to 根据
29. be connected with 与…..有关系
30. in order to = so as to 为了
本模块重点语法
一． 情态动词 + have + p.p. 使用方法归纳
1. must have done sth. 必然做了某事
(体现对过去某事做出必然判断)
He knew the film. He must have seen it.
2. may/might have done 也许/大概已经做了某事
（体现对过去状况也许性推测）
Tom may have bought a new pen because I don’t see the old one..
3. can’t/ couldn’t have done sth. 不也许已经做了某事
（体现对过去状况否认性推测）
The ground is dry，so it can’t have rained last night.
4. should have done sth. 过去应当做某事（而没做）
= ought to have done sth
You are late. You should have come 1 minute earlier.
5. shouldn’t have done sth. 过去不该做某事（却做了）
= oughtn’t to have done sth.
She is crying. You shouldn’t have told her the sad news.
6. could have done sth. 本来可以做（却没有做某事）

7. needn’t have done sth. 本来不必做某事（却已经做了）
Tom has bought a new pen. You needn’t have lent him your pen.
8. would rather have done sth. 本来想做某事（却未做成）
I would rather have come to help you with your English，but I was too busy at that time.
二、情态动词表推测其她使用方法
1、情态动词 + 动词原形 体现对目前或未来状况推测
2、情态动词 + be doing 体现对目前或未来正在进行
状况进行推测
3、情态动词 + have been doing 体现对过去正在发生
事情推测