1、学习重点学习重点:(1)掌握相关电源基本单词、词组和缩略)掌握相关电源基本单词、词组和缩略语基本含义及使用方法语基本含义及使用方法(2)培养阅读翻译相关微芯片科技文件和)培养阅读翻译相关微芯片科技文件和产品说明书能力产品说明书能力(3)学习介词短语和定语从句作后置定语)学习介词短语和定语从句作后置定语在科技英语中使用,掌握其翻译方法在科技英语中使用,掌握其翻译方法3 Microchips第1页1.1.生词生词antistatic.ntisttik a.antistatic.ntisttik a.抗静电抗静电抗静电抗静电analog(ue)nlg n.analog(ue)nlg n.类似;模拟类
2、似;模拟类似;模拟类似;模拟chip tip n.chip tip n.晶片;薄片晶片;薄片晶片;薄片晶片;薄片 Passage AIntegrated Circuits第2页clip klip n.clip klip n.夹夹夹夹frame freim n.frame freim n.框;结构;骨架框;结构;骨架框;结构;骨架框;结构;骨架 modulation .mdjulein n.调制,调整调制,调整multiplex mltipleks a.多路通讯多路通讯 vt.&vi.多路传多路传输输screwdriver skru:draiv n.螺丝起子螺丝起子socket skit n.插
3、座插座solder sld,s(:)-n.焊接剂焊接剂 v.施以焊接施以焊接transmission trnzmin n.传输,传送传输,传送twist twist n.&v.拧;扭曲拧;扭曲wafer weif n.圆片;晶片圆片;晶片DIL=dual in line 双列直插式双列直插式第3页2.2.课文翻译讲解课文翻译讲解 Integrated circuit(IC),sometimes called a chip or microchip,is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors,
4、capacitors,and transistors are fabricated,and comes in several shapes and sizes.Most common are 8,14,or 16 pin dual in line(DIL)chips,as shown in Figure 3-1.翻译:翻译:集成电路(集成电路(IC),),有时也称为芯片或微芯片有时也称为芯片或微芯片,是一个在上面集成了成,是一个在上面集成了成千上万个极小电阻、电千上万个极小电阻、电容和晶体管晶片,并以容和晶体管晶片,并以形状和大小各异各种形形状和大小各异各种形式出现。最常见式出现。最常见IC是
5、是8针、针、14针或针或16针双列直插针双列直插式芯片,如图式芯片,如图3-1所表示。所表示。on which介词介词+关系代词引关系代词引导定语从句导定语从句 第4页Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor developed the first integrated circuit in the 1950s.An IC can function as amplifier,oscillator,timer,counter,computer memory,or microprocess
6、or.Integrated circuits can be classified according to the number of transistors and other electronic components they contain:翻译:翻译:第一块集成电路是在第一块集成电路是在50年代由德克萨斯仪器企业杰克年代由德克萨斯仪器企业杰克基尔比基尔比和仙童半导体企业罗伯特和仙童半导体企业罗伯特诺伊斯研制出来。集成电路能够用于放诺伊斯研制出来。集成电路能够用于放大器、振荡器、计时器、计数器、计算机存放器或微处理器。通常按大器、振荡器、计时器、计数器、计算机存放器或微处理器。通常按照
7、集成电路包含晶体管和其它电子元件数目能够分类为照集成电路包含晶体管和其它电子元件数目能够分类为:第5页SSI(small-scale integration):up to 100 electronic components per chip MSI(medium-scale integration):from 100 to 3,000 electronic components per chip LSI(large-scale integration):from 3,000 to 100,000 electronic components per chip VLSI(very large-sc
8、ale integration):from 100,000 to 1,000,000 electronic components per chipULSI(ultra large-scale integration):more than 1 million electronic components per chip 翻译:翻译:SSI(小型集成电路):每个芯片上有(小型集成电路):每个芯片上有100个电子元件。个电子元件。MSI(中型集成电路):每个芯片上有(中型集成电路):每个芯片上有100到到3000个电子元件。个电子元件。LSI(大规模集成电路):每个芯片上有(大规模集成电路):每个芯
9、片上有3000到到100,000个电子元件。个电子元件。VLSI(超大规模集成电路):每个芯片上有(超大规模集成电路):每个芯片上有100,000到到1,000,000个电子元件。个电子元件。ULSI(极大型集成电路):每个芯片上有超出一百万个电子元件。(极大型集成电路):每个芯片上有超出一百万个电子元件。第6页 Integrated circuits can be classified into analogue,digital and hybrid(both analogue and digital on the same chip).Analog(linear)ICs have cont
10、inuously variable output(theoretically capable of attaining an infinite number of states)that depends on the input signal level.The term originated because the modulation of the carrier wave is analogous to the fluctuations of the human voice or other sound that is being transmitted.翻译:翻译:集成电路能够分为模拟
11、、数字和混合型(同一芯片上同时含有模拟和数字两集成电路能够分为模拟、数字和混合型(同一芯片上同时含有模拟和数字两种类型)。种类型)。模拟(线性)集成电路有连续可变输出,此输出与输入信号电平相关(理论模拟(线性)集成电路有连续可变输出,此输出与输入信号电平相关(理论上能够实现无限个状态)。模拟这一术语之所以得来是因为载波调制类似于所传上能够实现无限个状态)。模拟这一术语之所以得来是因为载波调制类似于所传输人类声音或其它声音起伏改变。由这一术语可知,输出信号电平是输入信号输人类声音或其它声音起伏改变。由这一术语可知,输出信号电平是输入信号电平线性函数。线性集成电路能够用于音频和射频放大器中。电平线
12、性函数。线性集成电路能够用于音频和射频放大器中。第7页As the term implies,the output signal level is a linear function of the input signal level.Linear ICs can be used as audio-frequency(AF)and radio-frequency(RF)amplifiers.The operational amplifier(op amp)is a common device in these applications.An analog signal can be repre
13、sented as a series of sine waves,therefore broadcast and telephone transmission has conventionally and traditionally used analog technology.翻译:翻译:由这一术语可知,输出信号电平是输入信号电平线性函数。线性由这一术语可知,输出信号电平是输入信号电平线性函数。线性集成电路能够用于音频和射频放大器中。运算放大器是这些应用中最常见集成电路能够用于音频和射频放大器中。运算放大器是这些应用中最常见器件。模拟信号能够用一系列正弦波来表示,所以,传统上,广播和电器件。
14、模拟信号能够用一系列正弦波来表示,所以,传统上,广播和电话传输习惯使用模拟技术。话传输习惯使用模拟技术。第8页 Digital integrated circuits can contain anything from one to millions of logic gates-inverters,AND,OR,NAND and NOR gates,flip-flops,multiplexors etc.on a few square millimeters,operating at only a few defined levels or states,rather than over a
15、 continuous range of signal amplitudes.The small size of these circuits allows high speed,low power dissipation,and reduced manufacturing cost compared with board-level integration.These devices are used in computers,computer networks,modems,frequency counters,and also in general electronic circuits
16、.翻译:翻译:数字集成电路能够在几平方毫米上集成数百万逻辑门数字集成电路能够在几平方毫米上集成数百万逻辑门-反相器、与门反相器、与门、或门、与非门、或非门、触发器、多路器等,且只在几个限定电平或状、或门、与非门、或非门、触发器、多路器等,且只在几个限定电平或状态下工作,而不是连续范围信号幅度。与插件板级集成电路相比,这些电态下工作,而不是连续范围信号幅度。与插件板级集成电路相比,这些电路体积小,传输高速高、低功耗,降低了生产成本。这么器件用于计算路体积小,传输高速高、低功耗,降低了生产成本。这么器件用于计算机、计算机网络、调制解调器和频率计中,也用于通用电子电路中。机、计算机网络、调制解调器和
17、频率计中,也用于通用电子电路中。第9页ICs(chips)are easily damaged by heat when soldering and their short pins cannot be protected with a heat sink.Instead we use a chip holder,strictly called a DIL socket,which can be safely soldered onto the circuit board.The chip is pushed into the holder when all soldering is comp
18、lete.翻译:翻译:集成电路很轻易被焊接时产生热量损坏,而且它短引脚不能用集成电路很轻易被焊接时产生热量损坏,而且它短引脚不能用散热片来保护。我们用一个芯片底座来代替,严格意义上称为双列直插式散热片来保护。我们用一个芯片底座来代替,严格意义上称为双列直插式插座,它能够安全地被焊接在电路板上。当全部焊接完成后,芯片被插插座,它能够安全地被焊接在电路板上。当全部焊接完成后,芯片被插进插座里。进插座里。第10页Chip holders are only needed when soldering so they are not used on breadboards.Commercially pr
19、oduced circuit boards often have chips soldered directly to the board without a chip holder and usually this is done by a machine which is able to work very quickly.without a chip holder是介词是介词短语,作定语,修饰短语,作定语,修饰board后置定语从句,修饰后置定语从句,修饰machine翻译:翻译:芯片底座只有在焊接时芯片底座只有在焊接时才用到,所以它们并不用在面才用到,所以它们并不用在面板上。商业性生产
20、电路板通板上。商业性生产电路板通常把芯片直接焊接到线路面板常把芯片直接焊接到线路面板上,而不需要插座,而且通常上,而不需要插座,而且通常这个焊接由机器来做并能快速这个焊接由机器来做并能快速地完成。地完成。第11页Please dont attempt to do this yourself because you are likely to destroy the chip and it will be difficult to remove without damage by de-soldering.If you need to remove a chip it can be gently
21、 prized out of the holder with a small flat-blade screwdriver.翻译:翻译:请不要尝试自己动手做这项工作,因为这么很有可能损坏芯片,极难经过请不要尝试自己动手做这项工作,因为这么很有可能损坏芯片,极难经过脱焊无损坏地拆掉它。假如你需要拆掉一个芯片话,能够用一个小平刃螺丝起脱焊无损坏地拆掉它。假如你需要拆掉一个芯片话,能够用一个小平刃螺丝起子轻轻地将芯片撬起使之脱离插座。子轻轻地将芯片撬起使之脱离插座。are likely to很可能很可能 第12页You have to lever up each end carefully by i
22、nserting the screwdriver blade between the chip and its holder and gently twisting the screwdriver.Take care to start lifting at both ends before you attempt to remove the chip,otherwise you will bend and possibly break the pins.翻译:翻译:假如你需要拆掉一个芯片话,能够用一个小平刃螺丝起子轻轻地将芯片假如你需要拆掉一个芯片话,能够用一个小平刃螺丝起子轻轻地将芯片撬起使
23、之脱离插座。在芯片和它插座之间插入螺丝起子刀口并轻轻地拧螺丝撬起使之脱离插座。在芯片和它插座之间插入螺丝起子刀口并轻轻地拧螺丝起子来小心地撬开每一端。注意在拆掉芯片之前,要小心地先把芯片两端同时抬起子来小心地撬开每一端。注意在拆掉芯片之前,要小心地先把芯片两端同时抬起,不然将弄弯并可能弄折引脚。起,不然将弄弯并可能弄折引脚。第13页 Many ICs are static sensitive and can be damaged when you touch them because your body may have become charged with static electrici
24、ty,from your clothes for example.Static sensitive ICs will be supplied in antistatic packaging with a warning label and they should be left in this packaging until you are ready to use them.翻译:翻译:许多集成电路对静电很敏感,当你接触它们时,可能会对它们造成损坏,因为你许多集成电路对静电很敏感,当你接触它们时,可能会对它们造成损坏,因为你身体可能已经带静电了,集成电路可从你衣服上取得静电。对静电敏感集身体
25、可能已经带静电了,集成电路可从你衣服上取得静电。对静电敏感集成电路,会提供贴有警告标签防静电包装,而且它们应一直放在包装中直到你成电路,会提供贴有警告标签防静电包装,而且它们应一直放在包装中直到你准备要用它们时才打开。准备要用它们时才打开。第14页It is usually adequate to earth your hands by touching a metal water pipe or window frame before handling the IC,but for the more sensitive(and expensive!)ICs special equipment
26、 is available,including earthed wrist straps and earthed work surfaces.You can make an earthed work surface with a sheet of aluminium kitchen foil and using a crocodile clip to connect the foil to a metal water pipe or window frame with a 10k resistor in series.翻译:翻译:在使用集成电路前,用你双手接摸一下金属水管或窗框使之静电接地。但
27、对于在使用集成电路前,用你双手接摸一下金属水管或窗框使之静电接地。但对于愈加敏感(及昂贵)愈加敏感(及昂贵)IC,就要有专用设备了,包含接地腕带和接地工作面。,就要有专用设备了,包含接地腕带和接地工作面。你能够用一张厨房用铝箔制作一个接地工作面,并用一个鳄鱼夹把铝箔接到金你能够用一张厨房用铝箔制作一个接地工作面,并用一个鳄鱼夹把铝箔接到金属水管或窗框上,且串联一个属水管或窗框上,且串联一个10K欧姆电阻。欧姆电阻。第15页3.3.疑难解析疑难解析1)An integrated circuit(IC),sometimes called a chip or microchip,is a semic
28、onductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors,capacitors,and transistors are fabricated,and comes in several shapes and sizes.集成电路,它有时称为芯片或微芯片,是集成电路,它有时称为芯片或微芯片,是一个在上面集成了成千甚至数百万个细小电阻、电容一个在上面集成了成千甚至数百万个细小电阻、电容和晶体管半导体晶片,并以形状和大小各异各种形式和晶体管半导体晶片,并以形状和大小各异各种形式出现。出现。第16页(1)on which:介词:介词+
29、关系代词引导定语从句。在关系代词引导定语从句。在这种结构中,假如介词被置于关系代词前,普通只这种结构中,假如介词被置于关系代词前,普通只用介词用介词+whom(指人)或介词(指人)或介词+which(指事物),(指事物),而不用介词而不用介词+that引导定语从句。假如介词被置于引导定语从句。假如介词被置于从句句末,则能够用从句句末,则能够用that代替代替whom 或或which,且,且that这时能够省去。介词选择可依据主句或从句谓这时能够省去。介词选择可依据主句或从句谓语动词搭配需要,或依据整个句子句意而定。语动词搭配需要,或依据整个句子句意而定。(2)comes in several
30、shapes and sizes意为:意为:“以形以形状和大小各异各种形态出现状和大小各异各种形态出现”。come在此意为在此意为“出现、存在、流行出现、存在、流行”;in several shapes and sizes意为意为“以各种形态以各种形态”。第17页2)Please dont attempt to do this yourself because you are likely to destroy the chip and it will be difficult to remove without damage by de-soldering.请不要企图自己做这件事,因为你可能
31、会损害芯片,请不要企图自己做这件事,因为你可能会损害芯片,而且极难经过脱焊无损坏地拆掉它。而且极难经过脱焊无损坏地拆掉它。be likely to(do):很可能很可能(发生发生.),相当相当be possible to,但,但be possible to只能用于只能用于it作形式主语作形式主语开头句型中:开头句型中:It is/was possible to do(that),而而be likely to即能够用于上述句型中,也能够用于由即能够用于上述句型中,也能够用于由名词或代词开头作主语结构中。另外,名词或代词开头作主语结构中。另外,be possible to还可表示还可表示“可接收,
32、适当可接收,适当”,be likely to 则不能表则不能表示此意示此意 第18页4 语法应用语法应用介词短语和定语从句作后置定语介词短语和定语从句作后置定语在科技文章中经常使用定语和定语从句,且许多在科技文章中经常使用定语和定语从句,且许多是放在所修饰名词或句子后面。是放在所修饰名词或句子后面。1)介词短语作后置定语介词短语作后置定语比如本课中:比如本课中:You can make an earthed work surface with a sheet of aluminum kitchen foil and using a crocodile clip to connect the f
33、oil to a metal water pipe or window frame with a 10k resistor in series.注意,在翻译成汉字时介词短语就不能后置了,注意,在翻译成汉字时介词短语就不能后置了,必须按照汉语习惯放在所修饰名词前面。必须按照汉语习惯放在所修饰名词前面。第19页2)定语从句作后置定语定语从句作后置定语比如本课中:比如本课中:Commercially produced circuit boards often have chips soldered directly to the board without a chip holder and usually this is done by a machine which is able to work very quickly.第20页