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Chapter 4 Tourists & Travel Motivation
Text A Classification of Tourists
Activities:
1. Match the descriptions in the right-hand column with the terms in the left-hand column.
2. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence or answers each question.
(1) Which of the following terms means the tourist is surrounded by his/her similar living
environment while he/she is abroad?
A. Mid-centric. B. Environmental bubble.
C. Cohen,s Classification. D. Plog,s Classification.
(2) Plog suggests that travelers can be classified into different types based on their different
__________.
A. social status B. education levels
C. personalities D. economical status
(3) What kind of tourists are outgoing and self-confident persons who seek new experiences
and adventure in a variety of activities?
A. Conservative type. B. Allocentric type.
C. Psychocentric type. D. Mid-centric type.
(4) Which of the following descriptions is correct for allocentric tourists?
A. They tend to be inhibited and non-adventuresome.
B. They prefer to return to familiar travel destinations where they can relax and know
what types of food and activity to expect.
C. They stay in typical tourist accommodations and eat at family-type restaurants.
D. They would rather have the freedom to explore an area and make their own arrangements.
(5) A guided tour in an air-conditioned bus traveling through the countryside is a typical
example of ___________.
A. organized mass tourists B. individual mass tourists
C. explorers D. drifters
3. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.
(1)Cohen,s classification of tourist is based on the theory that tourism combines________ the to seek out new experiences with the need for the security of familiar reminders of home.
(2)“Environmental______________ ”means the tourist is surrounded by his/her similar living environment while he/she is abroad.
(3) Stanley Plog proposes a theory that associates the___________ of a destination to the inherent personalities of travelers.
(4) In the understanding of the____________ of tourists, this topic is highly complex and depends on a range of factors.
(5) Some typologies are generally used as if they can be applied to people in all countries and they appear to___________ national and cultural differences.
4. Fill in the table with the words given below.
A. Individual mass tourists B. Organized mass tourists
C. Explorers D. Drifters
Text B Travel Motivations
Activities:
1. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.
(1) A motivation is a wish that___________ people to take action, work hard to achieve a goal,
and satisfy a certain kind of need.
(2) Along with the__________ and complexity of people,s living needs in modern society, travel motivations are becoming more varied and diversified.
(3) Travelers are motivated to satisfy a need, and they have a__________of what will satisfy
their need.
(4) The tourism product is a complex mixture of services and goods which are bought by a
special kind of__________ , namely tourists.
(5) Travel psychology is a science that involves researching tourists, psychological activities
and their__________ rules.
2. Questions for discussion.
(1) What drives all kinds of people,s activities and governs people,s actions?
(2) Why will the same tourist,s motivations for going on different trips differ from each other?
(3) What must you understand to provide a high-quality service to tourists effectively?
(4) What are the travel motivations? Can you give some examples of the factors that influence
travel motivations?
(5) How to interpret Maslow,s theory in the context of tourism activity?
Remarks: Maslow —“Hierarchy of Needs”Maslow (1971) distinguished five different levels of psychological needs ranging from physiological needs to self-actualization. According to his theory, satisfaction of people,s basic needs is a prerequisite for the satisfaction of the higher needs. Maslow argues that all behavior is motivated by psychological needs, for behavior serves to fulfill those needs.
马斯洛层次需求理论。马斯洛 （1971） 区分了从生理到自我实现的五种心理需求。根据他的理论， 人们基本需求的满足是更高层次需求满足的先决条件。马斯洛提出所有的行为都是由心理需求激发的， 其目的是去满足这些需求。
3. The following figure shows the formation of travel motivations and travel actions. Fill in the figure with the words given below.
参考答案
Text A Classification of Tourists
1. Match the descriptions in the right-hand column with the terms in the left-hand column.
(1) D (2) C (3) B (4) A
2. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence or answers each question.
(1) B (2) C (3) B (4) D (5) A
3. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.
(1) curiosity (2) bubble (3) popularity (4) typology (5) ignore
4. Fill in the table with the words given below.
B A C D
Text B Travel Motivations
1. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.
(1) prompts (2) diversification (3) perception (4) consumers (5) objective
2. Questions for discussion.
(1) People are driven by their motivation and their actions are governed by their motivation.
(2) Travelers form a view of the destination attractions and find if the attractions are in tune
with his/her needs.
(3) To provide a high-quality service to tourists effectively, we must understand what
psychological factors stimulate and influence people to make all types of travel decisions.
(4) Travelers are motivated to satisfy a need, and they have a perception of what will satisfy
their need. At the same time, travelers have a perception of the attractions of the
destination and whether the attractions satisfy their needs. If both sides are agreed,
travelers are motivated to visit that destination.
(5) (Omitted.)
3. (Omitted.)
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