最实用出国留学单词必备.docx

Buffet 自助餐Napkin 餐巾纸Fries 薯条Appetizer 开胃菜Straw 吸管Plain rice 白饭Fried rice 炒饭Chow mein 炒面 taumeinBoba milk tea 珍珠奶茶Cheeseburger 芝士汉堡Regular/Large Drink 标准/大杯饮料All-you-can-eat 自助餐Sunny side up 煎一面的荷包蛋Over-hard 全熟蛋Scrambled 炒蛋Ranch 田园沙拉酱Thousand Island 千岛酱Blue Cheese 蓝奶酪酱Italian Dressing 意式沙拉酱Honey Mustard 蜂蜜芥末酱mstdWhole Wheat Bread 全麦面包White bread 白面包Toast 烤土司Instant noodles 方便面Chicken nuggets 鸡块ntMashed potatoes 土豆泥Chicken Drumsticks/ Chicken thighs 鸡腿aLettuce 生菜ltsPickles 腌黄瓜Onion 洋葱Jalapenos 墨西哥青椒hlpenjoCelery 芹菜slriCoriander ,krnd /Cilantro slntro /Chinese parsleyprsli香菜 Ginger 姜Gallic 蒜Lets grab something to eat! 我们随便找点东西填肚子吧!May I see your menu, please? 可以让我看眼菜单吗?What would you recommend? 有什么推荐的吗?I prefer something light. 我想吃清淡点.Whats todays special? 今日特餐是什么?Please take my order. 我要点菜了.Id like this combo. 我要点这个套餐.Ill have the same as that one. 跟那个一样的给我来一份.For here or to go? 这里吃还是外带?Is that all? 就这些了吗?Thats all. / That would be all. 够了，就这些.Cream or sugar? 要奶精还是糖? Both 都要. The black will do 黑咖啡就行.Would you like a refill? 要不要再来一杯？Have you finished or still working on it? 用完了吗? 还是要继续用?Could we have checks? Separate. 埋单，分开付.Lets split the bill. 我们各付各的.Its on me. 我请客.Ill take care of it. 我会付账的.How would you like your steak cooked? 肉要几分熟? Well done 全熟；Medium 五分熟；Rare 三分熟. 三分熟(medium rare) 七八分熟(medium well),What sauce for your steak?Mustard (黄芥末) 、Honey Mustard (蜂蜜芥末) 、Sweet Onion (甜葱酱) 、Vinegar (红醋) 、Mayonaise(美乃滋) menez 、Ranch(酸奶蛋黄混蒜味儿)二、银行开户Currency 货币Balance 结余Overdraft/overdraw 透支: What if I overdraw? 透支了咋办?Credit card 信用卡Debit card 借记卡Due date 信用卡还款日Checkings account 支票储蓄账户Check 支票: cash a check 兑现支票Money order/Cashiers Check 汇票/本票 （租房很多时候会用来交押金，需要先存指定金额才能拿到）Savings account 定期账户Service charge 服务费Interest rate 利率Deposit your money （in the account/ with the bank） 存钱Pay my bills 付款Withdraw 支取: withdraw 100 dollars from my savings account 从定存中支取100刀三、购物Invoice 发票Refund 退款Receipt 收据Counter 柜台Small change 零钱Promotion Code 促销码BOGO 买一赠一BOGO 50% OFF 第二件半价Mix and match 混合搭配（以满足获得优惠的条件）Free shipping 包邮Return policy 退货政策Would you like to pay by cash or card? 您用现金还是刷卡？Can I use VISA? 我可以用VISA卡吗？Credit or Debit? 您是用借记卡还是信用卡？四、 邮寄Parcel 包裹:I want to mail this parcel to Los Angeles. C.O.D.= Cash on delivery 货到付款Sender 寄件人 （= addressor)Recipient 收件人 （= addressee）Postcard 明信片Surface mail 非航空的平寄邮件Universal postcard 国际明信片Postal packet 小包裹Bulky packet 大宗包裹P.O.Box 邮政信箱 =post office boxZip code 邮政编码Ordinary letter 平信Registered letter 挂号信Weigh a parcel 称包裹Pay postage 付邮资Id like to insure this package for 50 dollars. 我想给这包东西保险五十美元. How long will it take to get there？几天能到？五、 化妆品Mask 面膜Mascara 睫毛膏mskrScrub 磨砂膏 Acne kni / n. 皮肤 痤疮，皮肤 粉刺Blemish blm(皮肤、水果等上的)疤；斑；痣；(黑头)粉刺；疙瘩Breakouts 青春痘 Primer 妆前乳Blush 腮紅Concealer 遮瑕膏Essence 精华液Foundation 粉底Toner 化妝水Lotion 乳液Cream 乳霜Eye Liner 眼线Eye Shadow 眼影Eyebrow Pencil 眉笔Nail polish 指甲油Lipstick 口红Lip Gloss 唇彩Lip Balm bm护唇膏Fragrance 香水Gift with Purchase 满额赠礼Samples 小样六、常用电器Iron 熨斗Oven 烤箱Refrigerator 冰箱Rice cooker 电饭锅Vacuum cleaner 吸尘器Air conditioning 空调Hair dryer 吹风机Blender 搅拌机Washer 洗衣机Dryer 烘干机Toaster 烤面包机Ventilator vntlet油烟机Stove 灶台Calculator 计算器Controller 遥控七、常见的公共标志和说明Laundry 洗衣店Bakery 面包店Occupied （厕所）有人Vacant veknt（厕所）无人Business Hours 营业时间Office Hours 办公时间Lost and Found 失物招领处Toll Free 免费通行Ticket Office(Booking Office) 售票处八、衣服Blazer 西装外套Lingerie ,lndre女式内衣Pajamas 睡衣裤Hoodies 帽衫Cardigan krdn开衫Belt 腰带Briefs 短内裤,三角裤Panties 女短内裤Apron eprn围裙Fitting room 试衣间Shopping cart 购物车On sale 特价中九、包Hobo hobo单肩背包 Drawstring bag 水桶包Duffel df()l bag 软质旅行包Messenger bag 斜挎包Clutch klt手包Backpack 双肩包蔬菜：Leek lik韭菜Caraway/coriander 香菜Spinach 菠菜spntCabbage 卷心菜Chinese cabbage 白菜Celery 芹菜Cauliflower klfla菜花Broccoli brkli西兰花Lettuce 生菜Rape rep /cole kol油菜Eggplant 茄子Cucumber 黄瓜Pumpkin 南瓜Bitter gourd rd苦瓜White gourd 冬瓜Squash skw菜瓜，印度南瓜String bean 四季豆Pea 豌豆Soybean 大豆Mung m bean 绿豆Soybean 黄豆Bean sprout sprat 豆芽Lotus lots root 莲藕Lotus seed 莲子Garlic 蒜Green pepper 青椒Hot pepper 辣椒Onion 洋葱Ginger 生姜Scallion 青葱Taro 芋头trAsparagus 芦笋sprgsBamboo sprout 竹笋Mushroom 蘑菇Champignon 香菇mpnjnNeedle Mushroom 金针菇Corn 玉米Aloe lo芦荟水果：Pineapple 凤梨Watermelon 西瓜Papaya 木瓜Chestnut 栗子Coconut 椰子orange 橘Sugar-cane 甘蔗Pomelo 柚子pmloJuice peach 水蜜桃Peach 桃子Cherry 樱桃Persimmon 柿子psmnFig 无花果Almond 杏仁mndPlum 李子plmHoney-dew melon 哈密瓜Olive 橄榄lvDurian 榴莲drinStrawberry 草莓Grape 葡萄Lichee/lychee 荔枝Longan 龙眼Guava 石榴调料：Chili 辣椒Anise（star anise）大茴香，八角Bay leaf 香叶、月桂树叶Cinnamon 肉桂Clove 丁香Coriander 香菜Cumin 孜然Fennel 茴香Laurel 月桂Mint 薄荷Mustard 芥末Rosemary 迷迭香Vanilla 香草卧室/书房1. 床（1）床的尺寸美帝床的种类非常多，就大小而言，有Twin（39X75）、Twin XL(39X80)、Double(54x75)、Queen(60x80)、King（76X80）五种尺寸。一般来说，单人睡选Twin Size，超过1米8的男生可以考虑买Twin XL。两个女生共用一张床选Double或Queen，一男一女选Queen，男男选King。（2）床的类型床=Box+Mattress一个底座（box）加一个床垫（mattress），是很多留学生图方便的选择。box又叫mattress foundation，垫在床垫之下，用于增加床垫高床=Bed Frame+Box+Mattress如果你觉得底座加床垫还不够高，不妨在底座之下再加一个床的支架。支架可以是实心的木板，也可以是金属框。床=Bed Frame+Mattress如果直接购买实心的床架，就能省略Box。（3）特殊的床气垫床（Air mattress）气垫床通常是为客人准备的，储藏和搬运都更方便，适合暂时没有固定落脚处的同学。Trundle bed是一种节约空间的设计：大床之下藏着一张带滚轮的小床，有需要的时候可以把小床抽出来使用。Cottage bed拥有华丽的床头板（Headboard）。（4）床头板以下是常见床头板形状的名字：书柜床头板（Bookcase Headboard）特别适合学生，实用、朴素又带一点设计感，用来陈放书本、护肤品和小摆件都不错。2. 床头柜床头柜在英语里叫Nightstand或者Night table。（1）抽屉型（with drawer）（2）橱柜型（with door/cabinet）（3）空格型（with open cubbie）3. 床上用品床上用品统称bedding，包含床单（sheet）、被罩（duvet covers）、被单（quilts）、棉被（comforters/duvets）、枕头套（pillow cases/shams）、床罩（bedspreads）、毯子（blankets）等。其中，床单还可分为flat sheet和fitted sheet，flat sheet跟国内的床单一样，就是一块平铺布；而fitted sheet则四周缝了一圈橡皮筋，可用于包裹床垫，使床单不易位移，特别推荐给睡相不佳的同学。Comforter和duvet都是被子，但两者有区别。Comforter通常比床的尺寸大，自带花色，不需要在外面包裹被罩，可以直接洗涤。Duvet就是被芯，通常为白色，比comforter更厚，尺寸一般不会比床更大，需要用被罩包起来使用，不能直接洗涤。4. 梳妆台（Vanities）或Dressers5. 衣橱（Armoires）留学生在北美租用的房子里通常有嵌入式的衣柜，梳妆台则由盥洗室里的洗漱台代替，所以不需要购买衣橱和梳妆台。另外，留学生一般没有自己独立的书房，所以如果卧室空间允许的话，还是购买一张电脑桌更为实际。6. 电脑桌（Computer Desk）7. L形的电脑桌（L-shaped desk）可以放在房间的角落里。犹如大学宿舍的桌床一体设计，称为bunk bed with desk。客厅/餐厅1. 沙发（sofa）不同形状的沙发都有自己特殊的名字。单人沙发或躺椅叫recliners2. 灯罩（Lampshade）3. 窗帘（Window coverings）4. 脚凳（Ottomans）5. 长凳（Benches）6. 照片墙（Gallery wall layout）照片墙是最惠而不费的装饰，使平淡的家居环境更富趣味。7. 电视柜（TV stands）厨房1. 冰箱（Refrigerator）2. 微波炉（Mircowave）3. 炉灶（Stove）4. 烤箱（Oven）5. 水槽 （Sink）6. 垃圾筒（Trash cans/recycle bins）卫生间1. 毛巾架（Towel Holder/Towel Rack）2. 毛巾挂环（Towel Ring）3. 壁橱（Wall cabinet）4. 抽水马桶（Flush toilet）5. 花洒（Shower）6. 水龙头（Faucet）7. 把手（Knob）8. 肥皂盒（Soap dish）9. 卫生卷纸架（Toilet paper holder）Fitting sheet（床单）+Duvet Insert/comforter（被芯）+Duvet Cover（被套）+Pillow（枕头）+ Pillow Case（枕头套）就搞定了。春夏可以入一个薄一点的Quilt/coverlet（被单）。A.Flat Sheet（Top Sheet）：Flat Sheet即床单，但不是垫在身下的床单，而是盖在人身上、衬在被子下面的一块布。它存在的意义在于把你和被子隔开，保持被子的干净，实际上起到了半个被套的作用。使用时需把带有装饰的那一头翻折出来。B.Fitted sheet（Bottom Sheet）：四周有皮筋、可以套住床垫的床单。E.Pillow Sham：枕头套，特指装饰性的枕头套。G.Boudoir Sham：装饰性的小枕头。H.Coverlet：类似毯子的小被单，夏季可单独当被子盖。Coverlet和Quilt很像，Quilt由三层布叠加缝合而成，一般比Coverlet厚，比Duvet薄。K.Throw：比Blanket、Quilt小的毯子。衣服比如马海毛（Mohair）是扮萌的一把好手，以马海毛为主要衣料的毛衣通常看上去很饱满，但其实一点也不厚重，轻盈蓬松毛茸茸（追求垂坠质感的童鞋可以绕道了）。莫代尔（Modal）有很好的柔软性和优良的吸湿性，但挺括性差。棉料柔软，麻料硬爽。质料跟舒适感也密切相关。一般的羊毛（Wool）混纺可能会有点扎，羊绒（Cashmere）就十分滑腻舒适，价格也较高。如果你已经买了含有羊毛的衣物，感觉扎扎的很不舒服，可以在洗衣服的时候加一点衣物柔顺剂，有改善的作用。100%全棉（Cotton）质地固然亲肤柔软，但弹性不佳，别买小了；如果加入了一点氨纶（Spandex），那么衣料就会富有弹性，紧贴皮肤穿出修身的效果。很多合成纤维都有起球的毛病，手动撕扯可能会损伤织物，建议使用Fabric Shaver（Amazon有售），把毛球轻轻剃掉，毛衣就光洁如新了。 Stripe 条纹 Floral 花朵 Dots/Spot 波点 Leopard 豹纹 Embroidered 绣花 Vintage 复古 Oversized 宽松 Lace 蕾丝 Satin 缎面 Mesh 网纱 Cold Shoulder 露肩 Bodycon 紧身 Kitten Heel 中跟鞋 Wedge 坡跟鞋 Platform 防水台 Pointed-Toe Shoes 尖头鞋 Peep-Toe 鱼嘴鞋The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar.It originated in the Shang Dynasty from the peoples sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one. Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. Most people will have a week off, thus, this time is known as golden week.1. 大扫除Spring Cleaning“Dust”（尘） is homophonic with “chen”（陈）in Chinese, which means old and past. In this way, “sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year.Chinese People believe that in order to receive the new luck, you have to swipe the bad luck. All the cleaning has to be done before the end of New Years Eve, thats what Chinese people always called Ci Jiu Ying Xin : saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new.“Dust”与“尘”是谐音（尘在汉语中的意思是旧的和过去的）。这样，“在春节前扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋扫除过去一年的厄运。勤劳勇敢的中国人民相信，只有把旧的坏运气赶走了，才能迎接美好新生活。所有的大扫除必须要在除夕夜之前完全，干干净净整整齐齐迎接新年，就是我们常说的辞旧迎新。2.贴窗花Paper CutAfter the thoroughly clean up, people will paste paper-cut decorations on the windows and doors. Paper-cuts, usually with auspicious patterns, give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life.It is common for Chinese to paste the character fu（福）, big and small, on walls, doors and doorposts around the houses. Fu（福） shows peoples yearning toward a good life. Some people even invert the character “Fu（福） to signify that blessing has arrived because inverted is a homonym for arrive in Chinese.在大扫除之后，大家会在家中门窗上贴上窗花。通常带有吉祥图案的窗花，传递节日喜庆和热闹的气氛和表达中国人期待幸福生活的美好愿望 。除了贴窗花，在墙上，门上和房子周围的门框上贴大小福字是中国人表达对美好生活渴望的普遍习俗。一些人甚至倒贴福字来表示福到了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。3.贴春联Spring CoupletThe Spring Couplet, also called couplet and a pair of antithetical phrases, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate.Whether the family is rich or poor, educated or ignorant, everyone must put on the Spring Couplet to symbolize the hopes for the coming new year.“春联”或“对联”对立在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对仗的句子组成，在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。不论是大富大贵还是贫困潦倒，学富五车还是乡野村夫，每家每户都要在新年在门前贴春联，以寄托对新年的美好祝愿。4.年夜饭/团圆饭Family Reunion DinnerThe Spring Festival is a time for the Chinese to have family reunion, on Chinese New Years Eve(Chu Xi), the whole family must sit at the table to eat the New Years Supper together.This meal is usually made from scratch with the entire family working together, and this meal is usually the most sumptuous meal of the year. In the New Years Supper, it is essential that some dishes contain the family wishes for the New Year.春节是一个合家团圆的日子，在除夕夜，全家都合家团圆一起共享除夕大餐。这顿饭通常是全家总动员，每个人都要参与，也通常是一年之中最丰盛美味的一餐。在年夜饭中，有一些美好象征意义的美食是必备的：年糕，or the New Years Cake, is very common in Southern China, it is made of sticky rice. In Chinese, niangao sounds like getting higher year by year. In Chinese peoples mind, the higher you are, the more prosperous your business is.年糕在中文的发音里意味着年年高升。因此中国人总认为，如果一个人地位越高，其财富就越多。饺子, or the stuffed Dumpling, is a very common Northern Chinese Dish, Chinese dumplings look like silver ingots. Legend has it that the more dumplings you eat during New Year celebration, the more money you can make in the New Year.When making these dumplings, coins and pennies are usually put into selected few, those lucky family members that happen to eat those special dumplings are believed to have special good fortune in the upcoming year.饺子的形状酷似一个元宝，并且在传统观念里认为饺子吃得越多，那么来年钱就挣得越多。在做饺子的时候，人们喜欢在一些饺子里放上硬币，吃到硬币的幸运儿就意味着来年会有特殊的好运。5. 放鞭炮FirecrackersLighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration. However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities.But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration. Right as the clock strike 12 oclock midnight of New Years Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening.放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。6.红包/压岁钱Red Packet/Lucky MoneyChildren love Spring Festival because they can receive red packet! What A red packet is simply a red envelope with lucky money in it, which symbolizes luck and wealth.In traditional Chinese cultural, red is considered a lucky color, red packet is believed to ward off evial spirits and to bring good fortune to the receiver. Traditionally, older generations give the red packet to the younger generation. Nowadays, this practice extends to close friends, neighbors, and even some companies give away year-end bonus in the red packets.孩子们最爱过春节，因为春节有红包拿！红包就是在一个红色的小红包里装上压岁钱，寓意为幸运和财富。在中国传统文化中，红色是幸运色，大家相信红包能帮人赶走霉运，带来幸福富贵。在过去，都是长辈给晚辈红包，但是现在这个概念已经扩大到朋友之间，有些公司也会把年终奖金放到红包里面发放。中国的生肖Chinese Zodiac最后，如果有外国人对为什么今年猴子出现在中国城的各个角落，那么你就可以把下面的故事解释给他听！The Chinese zodiac features 12 animals in the sequence of Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. This year is the year of Monkey.Each animal represents a different personality. According to legend, people held a conference with all the animals, informing them that they would pick the 12 to represent the zodiac. However, in spite of being fast, the cat was not picked as its then-close friend, the rat, did not wake it. This action sparked off a rivalry that continues till this day.中国的十二生肖代表了十二种动物，他们的顺序是：鼠、牛、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪。今年是猴年。每一种动物有他们自己的“性格”。根据传说，人们当初和动物们开了一个会，最先到会的动物们就可以进入十二生肖。而身为猫最好的朋友，老鼠却没有把猫叫醒去开会。因此，它们之间的战争一直持续到今天。祝大家新年快乐，猴年大吉！Happy Spring Festival！ Frappuccino星冰乐 Refresher果味冰饮 IcedExpresso冰咖啡 HotChocolate热可可 Tea茶饮料 Smoothies冰沙 Year-roundHolidaySpecial全年可点的节日特供 1. Neat：意思是你只要你点的那种酒，既不混其他酒也不加冰。 2. On the rocks： 生动地形容酒浇在冰块上。 3. Straight up：不加冰块，但是可能经过冰镇。