霞霞英语时态初.pptx

Welcome you!语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will+v.will be+Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would+v.would be+Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had+Vp.phad been+Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/has been+Vp.p现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p现在完成进行时现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时和将来完成时经常考到过去完成进行时和将来完成时经常考到.一般现在时 用法用法：经常性的和习惯性的动作：经常性的和习惯性的动作 常用时间状语常用时间状语：usually,sometimes,inspring,everyday,inthemorning 动词构成动词构成：动词原型：动词原型.work动词动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）（主语是第三人称单数）works 否定构成否定构成：dont+动原动原doesnt+动原动原 一般疑问构成及简答一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？Yes,Ido.Does+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？No,hedoesnt.特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例：WhatdoyouoftendoonSundays?Wheredoeshelive?注意注意：start,leave,go,come等的一般现在等的一般现在时可表示按时可表示按规定要发生的未来动作，如列车规定要发生的未来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.1.一般现在时表示一般现在时表示总是总是、通常通常、习惯性习惯性的动作或状态。的动作或状态。It snows in winter.I watch television every day.现在现在过去过去将来将来2.用于对用于对客观事实的普遍性客观事实的普遍性的陈述。的陈述。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.Most animals kill only for food.The world is round.3.某些动词的一般现在时表示某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在存在说话时正在存在的一种情况。的一种情况。I have only a dollar right now.He needs a pen right now.注：这些动词不能用于进行时。注：这些动词不能用于进行时。一般现在时的动词形式：一般现在时的动词形式：动词原形动词原形1.am;is;are2.have,has3.第三人称单数形式第三人称单数形式-(e)s肯定句：肯定句：I watchtelevision every day.否定句：否定句：I dont watch television every day.疑问句：疑问句：Do you watch television every day.It snows in winter.It doesnt snow in winter.Does it snow in winter?现在进行时现在进行时 用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作前一段时间正在进行的动作常用时间状语常用时间状语：now,thesedays动词构成动词构成：am/is/are+现在分词现在分词(-ing)am/is/areworking否定构成否定构成：am/is/are+not+现在分词现在分词一般疑问构成及简答：一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are+主语主语+现在分词现在分词+其它？其它？Yes,Iam(heis.)No,theyarent特殊疑问举例：特殊疑问举例：Whatareyoudoingnow?Whoisflyingakitethere?注意：注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的进等的进行行时有时表示即将发生的动作。时有时表示即将发生的动作。1.现在进行时表示一项活动在现在进行时表示一项活动在说话时说话时(或较长时间）正在进或较长时间）正在进行。行。John and Mary are talking on the phone.startfinishnow2.进行时的将来用法：进行时的将来用法：When are you leaving?=When will you leave?John and Mary are talking on the phone.John and Mary are not talking on the Phone.Are John and Mary talking on the phone?现在进行时中动词形式：现在进行时中动词形式：am is +-ing are1、do-doing2、live-living3、重读闭音节、重读闭音节 sit-sitting drop-dropping4.以以 ie 结尾结尾 die-dying lie-lyingShe is writing another book this year.并不表示说话的时候她正并不表示说话的时候她正拿着笔坐在书桌前。拿着笔坐在书桌前。1.Diane(wash)_ her hair every other day or so.2.Kathy usually(sit)_ in the front row during class,but today she(sit)_in the last row.washes,sits,is sitting3.(Lock,you,always)_ the door to your apartment(公寓公寓)when you leave?4.I wrote to my friend last week.She hasnt answered my letter yet.I(wait,still)_ for a reply.Do you always lock,am still waiting5.Every morning,the sun(shine)_ in my bedroom window and(wake)_me up.shines,wakes6.A:Look!It(snow)_.B:Its beautiful!This is the first time Ive ever seen snow.It(snow,not,often)_ in my country.is snowing;does not often snow7.Mike is a student,but he(go,not)_ to school right nowbecause its summer.He (attend)_ college from September to May every year,but in the summers he(have,usually)_a job at the post office.Infact,he(work)_there this summer.doesnt go;attends;usually has;is working8.Please be quiet.I(try)_ to concentrate.9.After three days of rain,Im glad that the sun(shine)_ again today.am trying;is shining-Is this raincoat yours?-No,mine _ there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hungC.hangs D.hung现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生的动作或状态。的动作或状态。-Can I help you,sir?-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it _.A.didnt workB.wont workC.cant workD.doesnt work-Can I join the club,Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older.A.get B.will getC.are gettingD.will have gotMy cousin,Jenny,_ in New York till next Saturday.A.is stayingB.has stayedC.will have stayedD.stayed-Do you know when she _?-No,but Ill tell you as soon as she _.A.will come;comesB.comes;will comeC.will come;will comeD.comes;comesLook!_!A.Here the bus comesB.Here comes the busC.Here is the bus comingD.Here the bus is cominghere,there放在句子开头，句子主谓放在句子开头，句子主谓要倒装。要倒装。(如主语为代词，主谓不倒装如主语为代词，主谓不倒装)。在。在here,there引导的句子中，常用引导的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。一般现在时代替现在进行时。用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm动词构成:1,will/shall+动原2,am/is/aregoingto+动词原型3,sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shallworkam/is/aregoingtoworkam/is/are(about)toworkam/is/arecoming/leaving否定构成：will/shallnotam/is/arenot特殊疑问句举例:Whatwillyoudotomorrow?Whenarewegoingtohaveaclassmeeting?备注：在if条件或assoonas等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引导的含等引导的含 过去时的句子。过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（动词构成：动词过去时（-ed）worked/used to work否定构成否定构成：didnt+动原动原 didnt work used not(didnt use)to work一般疑问构成及简答举例：一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?备注：备注：He has opened the door.（表示过去（表示过去“开门开门”的动作的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）对现在的影响是门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门不能确定门现在是否开着现在是否开着)1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在在过去某个的时间过去某个的时间开始和结束开始和结束.I walked to school yesterday.I bought a new car three days ago.nowwalked,bought2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。Ioftengotupat6:00lastyear.英语动词的四种形式：英语动词的四种形式：1、原形、原形 learn2、过去形式、过去形式 learned3、过去分词、过去分词 learned4、现在分词、现在分词 learning动词的一般过去形式：动词的一般过去形式：1.listenlistened2.study-studied3.stop-e-cameI walked to school yesterday.I didnt walk to school yesterday.Did you walk to school yesterday?过去进行时：过去进行时：I was walking down the streetwhen it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow过去进行时的构成过去进行时的构成：was/were+-ingI was walking down the streetwhen it began to rain.I was not walking down the streetwhen it began to rain.Were you walking down the streetwhen it began to rain?用用一般过去时一般过去时或或过去进行时过去进行时填填空。空。1.I dont want to go to the zoo today because it is raining.The same thing happened yesterday.I(want,not)_ to go to the zoo because it(rain)_.didnt want,was raining2.I(call)_ Roger at nine last night,but he(be,not)_at home.He(study)_ at the library.called;was not;was studying3.I(hear,not)_the thunder during the storm last night because I(sleep)_.didnt hear;was sleeping4.My brother and sister(argue)_ about something when I(walk)_ into the room.were arguing;walked6.While Mrs.Emerson(read)_ the little boy a story,he(fall)_a sleep,so she(close)_ the book and quietly(tiptoe)_ out of the room.was reading,fell,closed,tiptoed7.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _!A.promises B.promisedC.will promise D.had promised8.Shirley _ a book aboutChina last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A.has written B.wroteC.had written D.was writing9.I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was workingC.had been workingD.had worked10.I dont think Jim saw me;he _ into space.A.just stared B.was just staringC.has just staredD.had just stared11.As she _ the newspaper,Granny_ asleep.A.read;was fallingB.was reading;fellC.was reading;was fallingD.read;fell12.-You phone number again?I _ quite catch it.-Its 9568442.A.didnt B.couldntC.dont D.cant13.-We could have walked to the station,it was so near.-Yes,a taxi _ at necessary.A.wasnt B.hadnt beenC.wouldnt beD.wont be14.Tom _ into the house when no one _.A.slipped,was lookingB.had slipped,lookedC.slipped,had lookedD.was slipped,lookedThe reporter said the UFO _east to west when he saw it.A.traveled B.was traveling C.had been travelingD.was to travel-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticingC.I havent noticeD.I dont noticeWhat a nice bike!Where _ you _ it?A.do;buy B.have;boughtC.did;buy D.will;buy-How long _ each other before they _ married?-For about a year.A.have they known;getB.did they know;were going to getC.do they know;are going to getD.had they known;gotThe students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written;leftB.were writing;has leftC.had written;had leftD.were writing;had leftMary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is makingC.was making D.makesThe last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A.had seen;was pickingB.saw;pickedC.had seen;pickedD.saw;was picking用法用法:1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响.2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点时过去的点时 间间,for+段时间段时间动词构成：动词构成：have/has+过去分词过去分词(-ed)have/has worked否定构成：否定构成：have/has not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成：一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently?How long has he lived in Beijing?备注：暂时性动词不能与备注：暂时性动词不能与for,since,How long等等 表示段时间表示段时间 的短语同时使用。的短语同时使用。现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去过去某时发生的行为对某时发生的行为对主语主语目前目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.(现在的情况）现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系联系起来并起来并着眼于现在着眼于现在）She has been to Beijing.(现在已不在北京，从现在已不在北京，从结果结果上和现在联系上和现在联系起来）起来）She has been in Beijing for two years.（现在仍在北京，从（现在仍在北京，从时间时间上和现在联系上和现在联系起来）起来）现在完成时的三种基本用法：现在完成时的三种基本用法：1、未完成未完成用法。表示动作或状态开始于用法。表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。也可能刚刚结束。He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.He has lived here all his life.a.be,live,study都是延续性动词。都是延续性动词。b.常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语：since,for,in the past few years,so far,all his life.2、反复性反复性用法，表示过去到现在这段时间用法，表示过去到现在这段时间内反复发生的动作。内反复发生的动作。I have been to the city twice this week.I have often wondered where she gets her money all these days.这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。3、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，通常话时已经完成，通常所产生的结果所产生的结果把把过去的动作和状态和现在过去的动作和状态和现在联系联系起来。起来。He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去了上海。（结果：他已不在他已经去了上海。（结果：他已不在这儿，这儿，He is not here now.）Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put使用现在完成时表示过去发生的使用现在完成时表示过去发生的“放放”的动作的动作对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在“在哪里在哪里”。When I was at college I _ three foreignlanguages,but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgottenB.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgottenD.had spoken;have forgotten“但都忘了但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had beenC.was D.will be“(for)only a few minutes”说明几分钟前来说明几分钟前来了这里，一直到现在。了这里，一直到现在。-_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive toldC.Im told D.I told“被告知被告知”是过去的事，是过去的事，对现在的影响对现在的影响是是“我已知道我已知道”The price _,but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went down B.will go downC.has gone down D.was going down表示已发生的动作表示已发生的动作All the preparations for the task_,and were ready to start.A.completed B.completeC.had been completedD.have been completed过去的动作过去的动作“完成了准备工作完成了准备工作”，对现在的，对现在的影响是影响是“现在已准备出发了现在已准备出发了”。My dictionary _.I have looked for it everywhere but still _ it.A.has lost;dont findB.is missing;dont findC.has lost;havent foundD.is missing;havent found-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have beenC.came D.am coming-Where _ the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.-I _ it right here,but now its gone.A.did you put;have putB.have you put;putC.had you put;have putD.were you putting;have put-Who is Jerry Cooper?-_?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Dont you meet him yetB.Hadnt you met him yetC.Didnt you meet him yetD.Havent you met him yetYou dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had metB.have metC.metD.meetThe CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now表示一个事件在某个事件之表示一个事件在某个事件之前一直进行前一直进行,用于表达事件的用于表达事件的持续性持续性.You look hot and tired.Have you been exercising?Im sorry Im late.Have you been waiting long?-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had paintedC.have been paintingD.have paintedShe _ letters all morning and felt tired.A.has been writingB.writesC.has writtenD.had been writing-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.A.have been goingB.have goneC.was going toD.will have gone用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time,at ten oclock yesterday或或when引导的从句引导的从句动词构成：动词构成：was/were+现在分词现在分词(-ing)以以work为例：为例：was/were working否定构成：否定构成：was/were not+现在分词现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例一般疑问构成及简答举例:Was/Were+主语主语+现在分词现在分词+其它？其它？Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What were you dong this time yesterday?Where was he standing when the teacher came in?用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾从常用于宾从常用时间状语：常用时间状语：the next week等等动词构成：动词构成：1、would/should+动原动原 2、was/were going to+动原动原 3、was/were(about)to+动原动原以以work为例：为例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were(about)to work否定构成：否定构成：would/should not was/were not一般疑问构成：常用一般疑问构成：常用if或或whether引导宾从引导宾从特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week.I thought I would make lots of new friends.They said that they were going to spend the vacation together.过去将来时表示对于过去某一过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在的状态。would或或was/were going to+V would可用于各种人称。可用于各种人称。would+V还可表示过去的还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。同义。When we were children,we would/used to go swimming every summer.比较：比较：I used to walk to school,but now I go by bike.used to+V,指过去的习惯或指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是状态，暗含的意思是“现在不现在不做某事了做某事了”。A:Where did you go?B:I was going to visit the park,but in the end I went to the free market.A:What was it like?B:I thought it would be busy,but it was very quiet.I thought I was going to.表表示示“原本打算干某事原本打算干某事”。-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.wouldC.was going toD.did-Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.-Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are goingB.never thought;were goingC.didnt think;were goingD.hadnt thought;were going Never thought“从未想过“，与how nice of you所表达的喜悦之情相符This morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go;whileB.went;whenC.was going;whileD.was just about to go;whenWe were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A.leavesB.would leaveC.leftD.had left用法：用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去过去的过去的过去)。2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间常用时间状语：常用时间状语：by that time,by the end of ,when/before+从句，从句，said/knew/asked的宾从中的宾从中动词构成动词构成:had+过去分词过去分词(-ed)以以work为例：为例：had worked否定构成否定构成:had not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成：一般疑问构成：Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其它？其它？Yes,I had.No,I hadnt.特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?When we got to the theatre,they had sold all the tickets.hadsoldgottothetheatreNow过去的过去过去的过去过去完成时是一种与过去完成时是一种与过去时过去时相比较而存在的时态，用以相比较而存在的时态，用以表示表示“过去的过去过去的过去”的动作的动作或状态。或状态。1.When we _(arrive)at the theatre,the play _(already start).arrived;had already started2.The police found that the house _and a lot of things_.A.has broken into;has been stolenB.had broken into;had been stolenC.has been broken into;stolenD.had been broken into;stolen3.Tom didnt go to hear the singer because he_ him.A.heard B.would hear C.has heard D.had heard4.-Why didnt you come to the party?-I_ to come,but one of my friends came to see me just th