直接引语和间接引语表格对照.doc

直接引语和间接引语相关表格一、 直接引语和间接引语的概念 类别比较直接引语间接引语定义直接引用别人的原话用自己的话转述别人的话不同点直接引语前后要加引号间接引语不用引号相同点直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句（由祈使句转化而来的间接引语除外）例句Tom said, “Im afraid that I cant finish the work.”Mary told me that she would leave for London the next morning.二、 直接引语变间接引语的时态规律1. 直接引语变间接引语的时态变化 种类条件直接引语间接引语例句间接引语谓语变化(主句中谓语动词的时态是过去时)一般现在时一般过去时He insisted, “Im the happiest father all over the world.” He insisted that he was the happiest father all over the world.现在进行时过去进行时John explained, “Im operating the washing machine now.” John explained that he was operating the washing machine then.现在完毕时过去完毕时The woman exclaimed, “I has lost control of my son.” The woman exclaimed that she had lost control of her son.一般过去时过去完毕时Old Ben said, “I experienced the well-known civil war.” Old Ben said that he had experienced the well-known civil war.过去完毕时过去完毕时Carla answered, “I had passed the driving test last year”. Carla answered that she had passed the driving test the year before.一般将来时过去将来时Little Tony promised, “Ill finish my homework on time.” Little Tony promised that he would finish his homework on time.musthad to/must The boss shouted, “All of you must leave here at once.” The boss shouted that all of them had to/must leave here at once.can/maycould/mightJoy whispered, “I may not obey your direction at this time.” Joy whispered that she might not obey my direction at that time.shall/willshould/wouldThe teacher required, “You shall depend on yourself on the way to success.” The teacher required that we should depend on myself on the way to success.2. 直接引语变间接引语的时态不变 条件种类a. 直接引语的性质例句间接引语谓语不变表达客观、永恒的真理、规律或格言时The teacher said, “Everything has two sides just like a coin.” The teacher said that everything has two sides just like a coin.表达习惯性、反复性的动作或状态时“My father always has a cup of milk after supper,” said Ann. Ann said that her father has a cup of milk after supper.表达谈话时动作仍然在继续时Tony introduced, “Both of my sisters are English teachers.” Tony introduced that both of his sisters are English teachers.表达过去完毕时态的概念时The minister recognized, “I hadnt realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence.” The minister recognized that he hadnt realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence.”表达明确的过去时间概念时The engineer said, “I started to work here in 1980.” The engineer said that he started to work there in 1980.表达具有when, while, since等从句时“When I was a bay, I often went fishing in this river,” said Dad. Dad said that when he was a boy, he often went fishing in this river. 表达具有wish, would rather, its time等虚拟概念时Little Mike said, “I wish I knew the keys before examination.” Little Mike said that he wish he knew the keys before examination.”表达具有must, had better, need, should, would等情态动词（组）时My mother persuaded, “You had better ask your father for help.” My mother persuaded that I had better ask my father for help.”b. 主句的性质例句主句中谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时The pitiful girl says, “I will never forget those warm-hearted people.” The pitiful girl says that she will never forget those warm-hearted people.”三、 直接引语变间接引语的代词、状语、动词的变化规律条件词类直接引语间接引语直接引语是特殊疑问句、一般疑问句时或陈述句指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis morningthat morningtonightthat nighttomorrowthe next/following dayyesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforeagobeforenextthe next/following地点状语herethere方向性动词comegobringtake直接引语是特殊疑问句实义动词sayask四、 直接引语与间接引语的人称的变化规律类型直接引语变间接引语间接引语变直接引语规律一变主、二变宾、三不变同主变一、同宾变二、不同不变定义a) 直接引语的引号内的第一人称改为引号外主句的主语b) 直接引语的引号内的第二人称改为引号外主句的宾语c) 直接引语的引号内的第三人称不变a) 间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词和主句的主语一致，则直接引语的人称代词改为第一人称b) 间接引语的宾语从句的人称代词和主句的宾语一致，则直接引语的的人称代词改为第二人称c) 间接引语的宾语从句的人称代词和主句的主语、宾语都不一致，则直接引语的的人称不变例句Tom said to Jenny, “I and your brother will go to Paris for the summer vocation with his private plane.” Tom told Jenny that he and her brother would go to Paris for the summer vocation with his private plane.Uncle Alfred asked me if I had entered the office with his son the day before. Uncle Alfred asked me, “Had you entered the office with my son the day before?”释例a) 引号内的第一人称I改为引号外主句的主语Tom(he)b) 引号内的第二人称your改为引号外主句的宾语Jennys(her)c) 引号内的第三人称his不变a) 间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词his和主句的主语Uncle Alfred一致，则直接引语的人称代词改为第一人称myb) 间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词I和主句的宾语一致，则直接引语的人称代词改为第二人称you注意单、复数和主、宾、所有格仍然保存与原人称一致。五、 不同类型的直接引语变为间接引语的规律直接引语的类型间接引语的变化例句陈述句间接引语的引导词that可以省略；主句的引述词有say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announce, think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。“Im leaving for Tokyo on business tomorrow”, Mr. Smith said me. Mr. Smith told me that he was leaving for Tokyo on business the next day.疑问句间接引语必须将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号；主句的引述词由say改为ask一般疑问句由if/whether引导从句He said to me, “Do you often go to the cinema?” He asked me whether I often went to the cinema.反意疑问句由if/whether引导从句Jake said, “You have seen such a lovely sight, havent you?.” Jake asked me whether I had seen such a lovely sight.选择疑问句由whetheror引导从句I asked my son, “Will you stay at home or go with us?” I asked my son whether he would stay at home or go with us.特殊疑问句由本来的疑问词引导从句Students asked, “When will we attend the sports meeting?” Students asked when they would attend the sports meeting.祈使句间接引语必须将肯定或否认祈使句的谓语动词相应地变为肯定或否认的不定式；主句的引述词由say改为ask, tell, order, command, warn, suggest, insist等。“Lets have a break,” the teacher said. The teacher advised us to have a break.感慨句间接引语的引导词可以用that, what, how。She shouted, “What a lovely boy it is.” She shouted that it was a lovely boy./She shouted what a lovely boy it is.