国际关系学院251二外英语历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2005年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2006年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2007年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2008年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解（A卷）2008年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解（B卷）2009年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解（A卷）2010年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2011年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2012年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2013年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2014年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2015年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解2005年国际关系学院251二外英语考研真题及详解Part:Vocabulary and Grammar(201=20%)Directions:In each item,decide which of the four choices given willmost suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Write theletter representing your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1.Being naturally _ animals,cats often find their way intodangerous places.A.curiousB.trainedC.tameD.domesticA【答案】句意：猫天性好奇，经常进入危险的地方。curious好奇的。trained训练过的。tame驯服的。domestic驯养的。【解析】2.It was a _ crossing and most of the passengers were seasick.A.roughB.trafficC.smoothD.levelA【答案】句意：渡海时风浪很大，多数乘客都晕船了。rough风浪大的。traffic交通。smooth平整的。level平坦的。【解析】3.You can avoid danger by _ these simple rules.A.distinguishingB.observingC.conformingD.stickingB【答案】句意：如果遵守这些简单的规则，你就能避免危险。observe遵守。distinguish区分。conform遵守；顺从，后面一般接to。stick坚持，常和to搭配。【解析】4.Civil servants are supposed to be politically _ servinggovernments of any political party with equal loyalty.A.devotedB.neutralC.reliableD.objectiveB【答案】句意：公务员应该在政治上保持中立，同样忠诚于任何政党的政府。neutral中立的。devoted忠诚的。reliable可靠的。objective客观的。【解析】5.His swollen tonsils _ the doctors view of his throat.A.assistedB.blockedC.alteredD.broadenedB【答案】句意：他扁桃体肿大，使医生无法查看他的咽喉。block阻挡。assist帮助。alter改变。broaden扩大。【解析】6.I read the letter over and over and soon _ it to memory.A.trustedB.carriedC.committedD.broughtC【答案】句意：我一遍又一遍地读这封信，很快我就牢牢记住了。commit sth.to memory为固定表达，意为“记住；牢记”。【解析】7.Films are sometimes banned on the _ that they offend commondecency.A.groundsB.beliefC.considerationD.viewA【答案】句意：有时候电影遭到禁播，是因为这些电影冒犯了基本礼节。on the grounds that为固定句式，意为“基于；因为”。【解析】8.He kept begging me for money for a new bicycle and in the end I_.A.gave inB.gave upC.gave offD.gave outA【答案】句意：他一直求我给他钱去买一辆新的自行车，最后我让步了，把钱给了他。give in让步；屈服。give up放弃。give off散发。give out分发。【解析】9.For a week Sykes was more _ than ever,only emerging from hishiding-place at night.A.hesitantB.cautiousC.concealedD.secretiveB【答案】句意：一周以来，赛克斯比以往任何时候都更加谨慎，只有在晚上才会从他的藏身处出来。cautious谨慎的。hesitant迟疑的。concealed隐藏的。secretive秘密的。【解析】10.The United Nations has put forward a peace plan that it hopes willform the _ for discussion.A.fundingB.foundationC.basisD.baseC【答案】句意：联合国提出了一个和平计划，并希望该计划能为接下来的讨论奠定基础。basis基础；根据，主要用于比喻，也指信念、讨论等的根据。funding提供资金。foundation与basis大致同义，但更具体，通常指建筑物的地基。base基部；底座。【解析】11.Shes only six,but shes still old enough to know better than_into the traffic.A.running outB.her running outC.to run outD.run outC【答案】句意：尽管她只有六岁，但她已经懂得不能跑到车流里去。know better than to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“很明白而不至于做某事”。【解析】12.Its no good waiting for the bus.We _.A.might as well walkB.might well walkC.may walk as wellD.may well walkA【答案】句意：等公交是没用的，我们不妨走回家吧。might as well为固定搭配，意为“不妨做某事”。【解析】13.Much _ our regret,we will be unable to attend your wedding.A.asB.toC.forD.withB【答案】句意：非常遗憾，我们不能参加你们的婚礼。much to onesregret为固定搭配，意为“非常遗憾”。【解析】14.There can be little doubt _ she was one of the most outstandingwriters in her days.A.as forB.aboutC.whichD.thatD【答案】句意：毋庸置疑，她就是她那个时代最杰出的作家之一。there can be little doubt that为固定句式，意为“毋庸置疑，”，后面接that引导的同位语从句。【解析】15.He risked _ his house when his company went bankrupt.A.losingC.having lostB.to loseD.to have lostA【答案】句意：当他公司破产时，他顶着失去房子的风险。riskdoing sth.冒险做某事，为固定搭配。【解析】16.The word family is used here to denote the member of a household_.A.either they are related or notB.whether or not they are relatedC.neither or not they are relatedD.if they are related or notB【答案】句意：词语family指的是家庭成员，不管他们有没有血缘关系。whether or not为固定搭配，在这里意为“不论”。【解析】17.No one was surprised at the change in Bank Rate,_ confidentlyexpected by investors.A.has already beenB.to have already beenC.it having already beenD.it to have already beenC【答案】句意：没有人惊讶于银行利率的变化，因为这已经被信心十足的投资者预测到了。两个句子之间没有连词，因此后面的句子为独立主格，结构为：主语+动词的分词形式。逻辑主语it与系动词为主动关系，故用having been done结构。【解析】18.The boys knew they had broken the rules,and they were _ buthappy when they were called to the office.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.allA【答案】句意：男孩们知道他们违规了，因此当他们被叫到办公室的时候，绝不是高兴的。anything but决不；根本不。nothing but只不过。【解析】19.The dictator relied on abuse of his power _ on soundreasoning.A.insteadB.no more thanC.or ratherD.rather thanD【答案】句意：这位独裁者依赖于滥用权力而不是合理的推理。rather than而不是。instead相反，一般用于句尾。no more than只是；仅仅。or rather更确切地说。【解析】20.This sort of hot and spicy food is very typical _ the food in thesouth of the country.A.aboutB.ofC.withD.ForB【答案】句意：这种辛辣的食物是南方非常典型的食物。be typicalof为固定搭配，意为“的典型”。【解析】Part:Correcting Mistakes(102=20%)Directions:Each of the following sentences contains one mistake.Identify the mistake and write the correct answer on the ANSWER SHEET.21.When heated,the metal expands,and if allowing to cool,it willcontract.allowingallowed【答案】allow的主语为metal，因此为被动关系，表示使其做某事。【解析】22.Recent polls seem to suggest that the governments popularity be atan all-time low.beis【答案】此句意为：近期的投票表明政府民望到了历史最低。这里suggest意为“表明”，后面接宾语从句，不用虚拟语态。【解析】23.This drug proved more effectively in the treatment of tuberculosiswhen administered in combination with other medications.effectivelyeffective【答案】这里effective作表语，表示“此药物和其他药物一起用对于治疗肺结核非常有效”，故用形容词性。【解析】24.Clearly,Japan is still not very well understood in the west;whatWesterners do know seems to be either extremely negative and extremelypositive.andor【答案】这里eitheror为固定搭配，表示“或者或者”，此处指西方人对日本的认识或者极端消极，或者极端积极。【解析】25.He was used to be a waiter but now he owns his own restaurant.去掉was【答案】此句指：他过去是个作家，但他现在开了一家饭馆。usedto be为固定搭配，意为“过去是”。【解析】26.This does not course so much damage inside the water tank.Engineers can discover which part of the plane has cracked.This part is madestronger.coursecause【答案】此处意为：这不会造成水箱内的损坏。course课程；路线。【解析】27.When sailing on unknown seas,they checked their position in thestars,not knowing where the voyage was to end.inunder【答案】此处指利用他们在恒星下的方位来测定航船的位置。故将in改成under。【解析】28.As the disc spins on the disc player,the player reads the code andtranslates it into a TV signal which is then showed on the TV screen.showedshown【答案】这里指信号被展现在电视屏幕上，故用被动语态，be+动词的过去分词，show的过去分词为shown。【解析】29.He tends to insist on his views if the facts support them or not.ifwhether【答案】此处指不论事实是否支持他，故用固定搭配whetherornot，表示“不论”。【解析】30.If we are not aware that propaganda is being used in advertising,wewill have consented to hand in our independence,our decision-makingability,and our brains.inover【答案】此处考查词语辨析。hand in上交。hand over交出。此句是指，如果我们意识不到这是广告的宣传策略，就会交出独立做决定和冷静思考的能力。【解析】Part:Cloze(101=10%)Directions:There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For eachblank,there are four choices labeled A,B,C,and D.Choose one that best fitsinto the passage,and write the letter representing your choice on theANSWER SHEET.In cities with rent control,the city government sets the maximum rentthat a landlord can charge for an apartment.Supporters of rent control arguethat it protects people who are living in apartments.Their rent cannotincrease;therefore,they are not in danger of losing their homes.However,the critics say that after a long time,rent control may have 31_ effects.Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits.Therefore,they investin other businesses 32_ they can increase their profits.They do notinvest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled.As a result,newapartments are not built.Many people who 33_ apartments cannot findany.According to critics,the end result of rent control is a 34_ ofapartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems inthe same way.The federal government sets the minimum that an employer35_ pay workers.The minimum helps people who generally look forunskilled,low-paying jobs.36_,if the minimum is high,employersmay hire fewer workers.They will 37_ workers with machinery.Therefore,other things 38_ equal,the number of workers thatemployers want decreases.Thus,critics claim,an increase in the minimumwage may 39_ unemployment.Some poor people may find themselveswithout jobs instead of with jobs 40_ the minimum wage.31.A.negativeB.positiveC.greatD.some32.A.whereB.whereuponC.in thatD.whereby33.A.need getB.needC.wantD.desire34.A.shortageB.lackingC.needD.lackage35.A.mightB.mayC.canD.must36.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.ThusD.So37.A.take place ofB.substituteC.replaceD.change38.A.getB.becomeC.beingD.having39.A.arouseB.bring upC.igniteD.cause40.A.inB.atC.onD.with【答案与解析】31.A 根据后文可知，管制房租会造成一些消极影响，比如会造成房源不足。根据上下文，可填negative，消极的，负面的。32.A 此处为状语从句，句意为“他们会在能增加收益的生意当中投资”，因此需要加上表示地点的关系副词where引导。33.B 此句是指：那些需要公寓的人一间也找不到。根据句意，选择need。34.A 根据前文，管制房租，会使公寓建造数量大减，那么最终会造成房源不足，故选shortage，意思为“短缺；不足”。35.D 此句意为“联邦政府规定了雇主必须支付员工的最低工资标准。”因此填入must。36.B 此句前一句为制定最低工资标准的好处，后文则为最低工资升高的危害，因此此处需要一个表示转折关系的词，故填however。37.C 此处意为：如果最低工资标准提高，那么雇主则会减少用人数量，他们会用机器取代员工。replace sth.with sth.用取代。38.C 此句意为“其他保持不变，但雇主想要的员工数量减少了”。此举前半部分为独立主格结构，因为other things和后面的动词为主动结构，故用现在分词形式，再根据句意可选择C项。39.D 根据前文“最低工资标准提高，雇主会减少用人数量”，因此可知此政策会造成严重的失业状况。40.B 此句是指：一些穷人发现有了最低工资标准之后，却没了工作。the minimum+n.前面一般用介词at，意为“处于的最低水平”。Part:Reading Comprehension(151=15%)Directions:There are three reading passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed by five questions.For each of them there are foursuggested answers labeled A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer to eachquestion,and write the letter representing your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Passage 1:Questions 41-45 are based on this passage.The United States court system,as part of the federal system ofgovernment,is characterized by dual judicial systems:there are both state andfederal courts.Each state has its own system of courts,composed of civil andcriminal trial courts,sometimes intermediate courts of appeal,and a stateSupreme Court.The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts(called district courts)serving relatively small geographic regions(there is atleast one for every state),a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appealsfrom many district courts in a particular geographic region,and the SupremeCourt of the United States.The court systems are to some extent overlapping,in that certain kinds of disputes may be initiated in either system.They arealso to some extent hierarchical,for the federal system stands above the statesystem in that litigant(persons engaged in lawsuits)who lose their cases inthe state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of theUnited States.Thus,the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of generaljurisdictionin the state or federal system.Most cases go no further than thetrial court:for example,the criminal defendant is convicted by a trial andsentenced by the court and the case ends;the personal injury suit results in ajudgment by a trial court(or an out-of-court settlement by the parties whilethe court suit is pending)and the parties leave the court system.Butsometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the case thatthe matter does not end there.In these cases,the“loser”at the trial court mayappeal to the next higher court.41.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.Civil and criminal trial courts.B.Typical court cases.C.The court system in the United States.D.The appeal court process.42.According to the passage,district courts are also known as _.A.circuit courtsB.intermediate courtsC.supreme courtsD.trial courts43.In the last sentence of the first paragraph,“engaged in”means_.A.committed toB.attentive toC.involved inD.be busy in44.The passage indicates that the litigants who lose their cases in thestate trial court may take them to a _.A.different court in the same stateB.federal trial courtC.state supreme courtD.court in another state45.It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are_.A.always appealedB.usually resolved in the district courtsC.always overlappingD.usually settled by the Supreme Court【答案与解析】41.C 通过通读全文，可知本文主要讲的是美国的法院体系，包括体系构成，各法院职责，审理过程等，故选C项，其它选项皆不全面，都是该体系的一部分。42.D 文章第一段第三句提到“The federal court system consists of aseries of trial courts(called district courts)serving relatively smallgeographic regions”。由此可知，联邦法院体系包括一系列初审法院，这些初审法院也被称为地区法院，服务相对小一些的地区范围。因此，地区法院也被称为初审法院。43.C 文章第一段最后提到“for the federal system stands above thestate system in that litigant(persons engaged in lawsuits)who lose their casesin the state supreme court”。由此可知，诉讼当事人在州最高法院败诉后可上诉到美国联邦最高法院。因此，persons engaged in lawsuits在这里指卷入该诉讼之中的人，也就是诉讼当事人。engage in在这里是“卷入”的意思。44.C 文章第一段第二句提到“Each state has its own system of courts,composed of civil and criminal trial courts,sometimes intermediate courts ofappeal,and a state Supreme Court.”。由此可知，州法院体系由州初审法院，有时包括中级上诉发院，还有州最高法院。又鉴于美国法院体系是等级式的，因此在州初审法庭败诉后，诉讼当事人可能会向上一级继续提起上诉，故可能为州最高法院。45.B 文章第二段开头提到“Thus,the typical court case begins in atrial courta court of general jurisdictionin the state or federal system.Most cases go no further than the trial court”。由此可知，典型的案件一般开始于初审法院（或联邦地区法院），也会终审于此，故选B项。Passage 2:Questions 46-50 are based on this passage.The term“Satellite City”is used to describe the relationship between alarge city and neighboring smaller cities and towns that are economicallydependent upon it.Satellite cities may be collection and distribution points inthe commercial linkages of a trading metropolis,or they may bemanufacturing or mining centers existing with one-industry economics as thecreatures of some nearby center.This latter form is what is generally meantwhen one uses the term“Satellite City.”Taken in this sense,19th-centuryChicopee and Lowell,Massachusetts,were satellites of Boston.Both weremill towns created by Boston investors to serve the economy of that NewEngland metropolis.Located on cheap land along waterpower sites in themidst of a farming region that could supply ample labor,they were satellitesin the fullest sense of the term.Pullman,Illinois,and Gary,Indiana,werelikewise one-industry towns created in conjunction with the much broadereconomy of nearby Chicago.Such places,as Vera Schlakman and StanleyBuder have pointed out in their excellent urban biographies,had a one-dimensional quality,a paucity of social vigor.These cities could not standalone.They were in a sense colonies of a multifunctional mother city.46.Which of the following is characteristic of a satellite city?A.It is a self-sufficient community.B.It offers cheap land to people.C.It tends to concentrate on a single product.D.It lies within a space station orbiting Earth.47.According to the passage,Chicopee and Lowell were ideal locationsfor the development of towns because they had _.A.fully developed electric power plantsB.an adequate number of workersC.farmland that could supply enough foodD.extremely wealthy investors48.The author describes each of the following as being economicallydependent on another city EXCEPT _.A.Chicopee,MassachusettsB.Pullman,IllinoisC.Gary,IndianaD.Boston,Massachusetts49.It can be inferred from the passage that Vera Schlakman and StanleyBuder are _.A.authorsB.social workersC.investorsD.government officials50.Vera Scholakman and Stanley Buder would describe satellite citiesas _.A.diversifiedB.dependentC.vigorousD.uninhabited【答案与解析】46.C 文章第二、三句提到“.o