英语常见句子类型详解省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Coordination and Subordination第1页1.当我们提及同等主要两件或多件事情或观点时，我们多采取由并列连词连接并列分句(coordinateclauses),这种方法称为并列并列(coordination)。而在表示一个主句中愈加主要观点或以从句来表示不太主要观点时，我们会使用隶隶属属(subordination)方法。采取何种方法取决于我们所需要表示观点之间内部关系。第2页试比较以下三句。e.g:ThisrichmanwenttochurcheverySunday,andheneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.ThisrichmanwenttochurcheverySunday,butheneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.AlthoughhewasrichandwenttochurcheverySunday,heneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.第3页TypesofSentence(句子类型)1.陈说句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句.（declarative,interrogative,imperative,andexclamatorysentences）2.简单句，并列句，复合句，和并列复合句(simple,compound,complex,andcompound-complexsentences)3.涣散句，圆周句和对偶句(loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences)4.短句和长句(shortandlongsentences)第4页1.陈说句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句.依据使用方法使用方法来分，句子可分为陈说句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句.陈说句：陈说观点和事实疑问句：提出问题祈使句：表示命令和请求感叹句：抒发强烈感情第5页2.简单句，并列句，复合句，和并列复合句按句子结构句子结构划分简单句：一个主语和一个谓语动词，但能够有几个宾语，定语或状语。如：We encouragedourchildrentobebrave.不过以下句子：Heandhisbrotherswenttotownandboughtapileofbooks.有语法书做简单句，有做并列句。第6页并列句包含两个或者更多个独立从句（或简单句）。这些意思相关独立从句用并列连词并列连词（and,but,or）或分号分号等连接起来。意思相关各从句不相互矛盾，大致同等主要，并按一定次序排列。如：LinlookslikeLi;however,theyarenotrelated.HecangotoCanadatohavefurthereducationorhehasthechoicetostay.第7页复合句包含一个主句主句和一个或者更多从句从句。主句和从句从连词来显示它们关系。从句能够充当全句主语，宾语，表语，定语或状语。如：TheonewhosatinfrontofmeisMr.Chen.Eventhewisestone,whowasusuallyquickinthinkingandaction,wassilentthistime.第8页并列复合句包含最少两个主语和一个从句，即并列句和复合句组合。如：Actually,notallAmericansholdallthesevalues,andthosewhodomayholdother,andattimescontradictory,valuesthataffecttheirwaysofbehaving.第9页写作中这种类型句子要注意地方1.简单句强劲有力，意思清楚，和长句子一起用还会使句式富于改变。简单句普通用于表示需要强调或主要意思。2.长并列复合句能够容纳各种修饰词能清楚并准确地表示复杂意思。第10页改写以下句子，把短句变为并列句、复合句或带有改写以下句子，把短句变为并列句、复合句或带有分词短语、介词短语或其它短语句子：分词短语、介词短语或其它短语句子：1.Xucomesfromaworking-classfamily.Heenrolledincollegelastfall.2.Thedeanissuedabulletin.Itsaidthelibrarywouldremainopenatweekend.3.Lastnightwasawildnight.Thethunderroared.Thewindblewagale.Therainfellintorrents.4.Thereareiciclesonthetrees.Thetemperaturemusthavefallenconsiderableduringthenight.5.Hereturnedtohishometown.Hehadbeenawayfor12years.Helookedinvainforthefamiliarlandmarks.第11页6.Wehavemadesomeprogress.Westillhavealongwaytogo.7.Theskywascloudless.Thesunwasshiningbrightly.8.Therewereovertwohundredpassengersonboardtheplane.Aboutonethirdofthemwereforeigners.9.Thegirlbegantolearntoplaypianowhenshewasachild.Hermotherwasafamouspianist.10.NapoleonwasborninCorsicain1769.AtthattimetheislandhadjustbeenacquiredbyFrance.第12页3.涣散句，圆周句和对偶句(loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences)从修辞修辞角度来看，句子有涣散句，圆周句和对偶句(loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences)之分。第13页涣散句(loosesentences)把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最主要事情，读者看到前面词就知道这个句子内容。(即主要先说）He knew he had little chance of getting the job,althoughhewanteditmorethananythingelseintheworld.The willow somehow suggested a young woman,withherlonghairflowinginthewind.第14页圆周句(periodicsentences)把最主要安排在最终面或靠后位置，读者只有看完整句话才知道意思。Withherlonghairflowinginthewind,the willow somehow suggested a young woman.Althoughhewantedthejobmorethananythingelseintheworld,he knew he had little chance of getting it.第15页MoreExamplesShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.第一个句子第一个部分是完整结构，除去第二部分依然成立，为涣散句。第二个句子第一部分只是从句，起来修饰说明作用，加上第二部分才是完整句子，为圆周句。Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(?)第16页平衡句平衡句(balanced sentences)平衡句是并列句和并列复合句一个。句中各部分结构相同，不过意义相互对立。Thehumidsummersdrainedmystrength;themildwintersrenewedmyenergy.Astheyearswentby,themansionfadedfromtheirmemories,andthenewhomeoccupiedtheirefforts.第17页涣散句比较易懂，简单，自然和直接。圆周句比较复杂，着重，正式和文雅。对偶句语气强劲有力，因为包含相反意思，节奏友好而悦耳，轻易给人留下深刻印象。如：Letusberuthlessinourcriticism,crueltopersonalvanities,indifferenttoage,rankorexperienceifthesestandinourway.Onhearingthenews,hewasangered,andIwassaddened.第18页指出以下各句类型（涣散，圆周，对偶句）1.Shemissedthestepandsprainedherankle.2.Badlyfrightenedbytheexplosion,theboyrushedoutofthelaboratory.3.TheWangsmusthavegoneawayforthesummerholidays,forwehavenotseenthemforalongtime.4.ItwillnotbedonebytheGovernment;itcannotbedonebyParliament.5.Ourfriends,whohadstartedbeforeus,promisedthattheywouldmeetus,butwhenwearrivedatthebusstop,theywerenowheretobeseen.第19页4.短句和长句(shortandlongsentences)依据句子长短来分短句：语气强而有力，令人瞩目，适宜陈说主要事实和想法。长句：含有修饰词，能准确表示复杂思想，适宜于解释观点，理论或描写有很多细节事物。不过对于中国学生来讲，因为受到母语影响，学会写长句表示连贯，通顺意思才是锻炼重点。第20页试比较。I like reading novels.They often tell me interesting and moving stories.Some stories are also instructive.They describe good and evil people.They describe the bright side and the dark side of life.They help me distinguish between right and wrong.In this way they have helped me to understand people and life.As a result,I seem to become wiser.第21页 I like reading novels because they often tell me interesting and moving stories.Moreover,some stories are also instructive.By describing good and evil people,and the bright side and the dark side of life,they help me distinguish between rightand wrong and understand people and life.Reading them has perhaps made me wiser.第22页简单句，短句成复杂句，长句小方法：a.依据关系，加合并词。如：Johnwasacharmingyoungman.Hewasquiteintelligent,too.Thelittleboyhasdefeatedmanygrown-upsatchess.Heisonlyeleven.NotonlywasJohnacharmingyoungman,buthewasalsoquiteintelligent.Thelittleboyhasdefeatedmanygrown-upsatchess,althoughheisonlyeleven.第23页b.依据英语习惯和句子结构，重组句子。Ireturnedtomyroom.Therewasanoteundermydoor.ItwasfromBill.Hesaidhewasinthetownlookingforajob.Hehadntfoundanything.WhenIreturnedtomyroom,IfoundanotefromBillundermydoor.Hesaidhewasinthetownlookingforajob,buthadntfoundanythingyet.第24页c.用不一样语法结构Whenhelefthewasabeggar.Whenhereturnedhewasamillionaire.Heleftabeggarandreturnedamillionaire.第25页d.利用隶属关系，合并成复合句MarkTwainwasawell-knownAmericanwriter.Hisexperienceasapilotonasteamboatwasnodoubtanimportantfactorthathelpedtobecomeafamouswriter.MarkTwain，whoseexperienceasapilotonasteamboatwasnodoubtanimportantfactorthathelpedhimtobecomeawell-knownAmericanwriter.第26页在造句时长短句交插,增加句型结构改变，就能够防止在表示方式上幼稚、单调和贫乏，使句子以及文章丰富多彩。(1)Advertisingcanbeaservicetothecustomer.(2)Thisistruewhenadvertisementsgivereliableinformationaboutthegoodsadvertised.(3)Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristomakeasensiblechoicewhenhebuys.(4)Itisusefulinthatitletshimknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.(5)Printedadvertisementsdothisjobbest.(6)Customerscancollectthemandcomparethem.(7)Theycanbetakenalongtoshopsandtheirclaimscheckedagainsttheactualgoodsintheshops.在这段文字里，长句和短句、简单句和复合句交替使用，句子有长有短，句型有简单句(句1、句5和句6)，有复合句（句2、句3、句4和句7），文章所以而生动流畅。第27页