北京邮电大学人文学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2012年北京邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年北京邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年北京邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2016年北京邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年北京邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part 1 Multiple Choice(20 points)Directions:Thereare20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank thereare four choice marked A,B,C.and D.You should choose the ONE that bestfits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.From childhood to old age,we all use language as a means of broadening ourknowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1,they were like newborn children,unable to use this 2 tool.Yet oncelanguage developed,the possibilities for humankinds future 3 andcultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce anduse language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6animate language ability not found in lower 7.Proponents of thisinnateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn,but that languageitself develops gradually 9 a function of the growth of the brain duringchildhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for languagedevelopment.Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed,however,evidencesupporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.12,moreand more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them,while adults have a much harder time learning anotherlanguage once the 15 of their first language have firmly fixed.16some aspects of language are undeniably innate,language does notdevelop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 fromother human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18with other human beings is necessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language19than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative,learned behavior.20,children learn language from their parents byimitating them.Parents gradually shape their childs language skills bypositively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing impreciseones.1A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originated2A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite3A.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolution4A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible5A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince6A.forB.fromC.ofD.with7A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children8A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion9A.asB.just asC.likeD.unlike10A.ideologicalB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological11A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation12A.In a wordB.In a senseC.IndeedD.In other words13A.variousB.differentC.the higherD.the lower14A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved15A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions16A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When17A.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolated18A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction19A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternative20A.As a resultB.After allC.In other wordsD.Above all【答案与解析】1B 此为动词词义辨析题。句意：当人类刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会应用语言这种工具。evolve（进化，逐渐发展），符合题意。generate产生，生成，生殖。born（bear的过去分词）不能做谓语动词。originate起源，不能用first修饰。2A 根据上下文及语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的，宝贵的。appropriate合适的，适当的。convenient方便的，便利的。favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。3A 句意：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainment成就，造诣；学识。feasibility可行性。entertainment娱乐，消遣。evolution进化。4D 句意：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for（对负责，是的缘由），符合题意。essential必要的，必不可少的，常与to搭配。available和for搭配意为可用于的；对有效的。reliable可信任的。5C 根据语法分析，空格后应是一个宾语从句。claim（主张，声称，断言），符合题意。confirm确认；确定；证实。inform通知，告诉，不能直接加宾语从句。convince说服，使确信，也不能直接加宾语从句。6D 此题考查固定搭配。provide sb with sth意为向某人提供某物。7B 句意：我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其他低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。8A 句意：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential作名词时意为潜力，可能性；作形容词时意为潜在的，可能的。performance履行；表现。preference偏爱。passion激情，热情。9A 句意：语言本身作为童年时期大脑发育的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as（作为，当作），符合题意。like作介词时意为像一样。10B 句意：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的生长发育是生物变化的过程。biological（生物的），符合题意。ideological思想上的。social社会的。psychological心理的。11A 句意：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论，符合题意。reference参考。reaction反应。recommendation推荐。12C 从11题可看出，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词。Indeed（甚至，实际上，其实），符合题意。in a word总之，简而言之。in a sense就某种意义来说。in other words换句话说，即，也就是说。13D 句意：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识，低年级学外语较容易，以及后文的Young children often can learnseveral languages by being 14 to them,while adults可以选定答案。14B 句意：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。beexposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal sth.to sb.意为显露，透露，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事。be involved in参与。15C 句意：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules（规则，规律），符合题意。regulations规定。formations构成，构造。constitutions宪法，章程。16A 此题考查逻辑关系，从句意思是：语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。前后应为转折关系，所以选although。17D 句意：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated（孤立的，与人隔绝的），符合题意。distinguished区别的，杰出的。different不同的。protected受到保护的。18D 此句为总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction（相互作用；互动），符合题意。exposition暴露。comparison比较。contrast对比。19A 根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激。requirement要求。alternative转移，转变，转换。20C 根据上下文，本句是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative,learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。因此，in other words（换言之，换句话说），符合题意。as a result结果是。after all毕竟。above all首先。Part 2 Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions：There are 2 passages in this part.Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statement.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice andchoose the ONE answer that is most appropriate.Passage 1The free flow of information and communication is paramount to theprogress of society.Today,3G technologies(i.e.UMTS,CDMA2000)areviewed as essential elements for advancing social economic development forcountries worldwide.Globally,3G technologies benefit entire countries by supporting theproliferation of information,enabling citizens to access vital communicationservices and promoting the development of technology advancements.It isestimated that mobile broadband usage will grow exponentially over the nextthree years,delivering the Internet and a plethora of other compellingservices to more than l.3 billion people globally by 2012.The expansion of 3G networks,devices and services in countries around theworld is enhancing quality of life and providing expanded economicopportunities,both in the public and private sectors.The expansion ofeconomic opportunities results in increased competition,the development ofinnovative new services for consumers and greater productivity forenterprises by workers.Furthermore,3G is improving the lives of underserved citizens,bridging the“digital divide”that exists in certain regions of the world,particularly indeveloping countries where teledensity and Internet penetration are low.Access to 3G mobile connectivity helps to address these concerns bydelivering essential and richer communication services(i.e.financial,healthcare,education,etc.)that benefit people at every tier of society.In this Paper,we explore how countries are using advanced mobiletechnology to enable the aspirations of their citizens and facilitate newgrowth opportunities in the business sector.Our goal is to provide readerswith valuable insights into the many benefits that 3G provides to countriesaround the world.Today,3G networks play a vital role in expanding access to essentialcommunication(voice)and value added information(data.services.To staycompetitive in the global economy,countries are adopting 3G to improvetheir overall level of teledensity(including broadband Interact penetration).Increases in teledensity,in turn lead to complementary benefits in the form ofenhanced gross domestic product(GDP)and job creation opportunities in thetelecommunications sector.Economic studies indicate that for every onepercent increase in a countrys broadband Interact penetration,GDP percapita increases by roughly 10 percent(USD.,and a one percent increase inmobile penetration results in a GDP per capita increase of roughly fivepercent(USD.Moreover,direct investments in communication technologydevelopment are strongly correlated with increased job creation.Researchdata from Criterion Economics indicates that for every additional$1 million(USD.invested in telecommunications in the U.S.,l 8 new jobs are created.Todays 3G networks allow mobile operators to affordably address thegrowing global demand for low latency broadband services,a demand that isnot being met by existing fixed line networks.In addition,3G,which has theadvantage of being backwards-compatible with legacy networks,providesincreased network capacity and other efficiency enhancements that enableoperators to deliver more competitive mobile broadband services,whileultimately reducing their investments in both CapEx and OpEx.3G network infrastructure,applications and services are enabling the muchanticipated convergence of mobile communications,computing andconsumer electronics.New types of connected devices and services areredefining market sectors including healthcare,education,and entertainmentto name a few.Multimode 3G solutions enable access to multiple types ofnetworks；stimulating the progression of ever more advanced servicesolutions and creating ever-richer user experiences for consumers.Furthermore,the growing proliferation of 3G devices and the ever expandingindustry ecosphere is creating economies of scale that lead to lower total costof network ownership for operators and makes mobile connectivity moreaffordable and practical.The benefits of having affordable access to mobilebroadband devices and services extend to a countrys institutions,businessesand mass market segments.For instance,expanded opportunities for growthand profitability in the business sector made possible by 3G leads to a trickle-down effect that benefits a countrys general population.In the next section,we will explore citizens utilizing 3G devices and how they enjoy increasinglyhigher levels of service convenience,safety and productivity.An estimated 3.43 billion people globally depend on mobile services as anintegral part of their daily life.As countries increase the adoption of 3Gtechnologies,the public demand for richer mobile services continues to grow.In the stories that follow,we briefly explore some popular,3G-enabledservice offerings and examine how these services are enhancing quality oflife for people around the world.3G mobile communication services are redefining the way peoplecommunicate on a daily basis.Mobile communications can be categorized asubiquitous(anytime,anywhere and anyplace);personal(MMS,videomessaging,post cards,instant messaging,etc.)or interactive(push-to-talk,video telephony,video sharing).One example of an interactive mobile communications service is KTFs“WorldPhone View”videophone service in South Korea.Another example isVodacoms The Grid”service in South Africa,which offers a socialnetworking application enhanced via GPS-enabled location awarenesstechnology.Interactive services like these are distinguished by theconvenience,customization and relevance they provide to the usercommunity.The ability to provide healthcare services to people in isolated locations hastraditionally been a daunting task.However,3G technologies have thepotential to help overcome these braziers and address many other healthcareneeds as new wireless health services and devices come to market.Forinstance,wireless health services ranging from medication reminders toremote diagnostic and monitoring services have the potential to both improveand extend life.The wireless health industry is only just beginning to gain critical mass butthe advent of innovative new 3G wireless-enabled devices and applicationsthat are“always with you”and“always on”holds the potential to transformmodem healthcare,eliminating barriers to care and driving costs out of thesystem.One case in point is in the province of Phang Nga,located in Thailand.Theprovince includes two remote islands(Koh Panyee and Koh Yoa Yai),whichare roughly 45-minutes away from the nearest hospital by boat.Thanks to acollaboration with Thailands CAT Telecom and Ministry of Public Health,two remote healthcare clinics on the islands are now wirelessly connected tothe mainland hospital,leveraging the power of 3G mobile broadband to sharepatient information and facilitate timely remote medical consults.Two other industries being positively impacted by 3G are financial servicesand mobile commerce.Mobile financial services made possible by 3Gtechnologies provide a new level of convenience,visibility and safety when itcomes to managing finances,no matter what the consumers socioeconomicstatus maybe.In emerging markets,access to 3G is making convenient and secure bankingand payment solutions available to people who previously were unable toobtain traditional banking services.In the Philippines,it is estimated thatroughly 68 million citizens are classified as“unbanked.”Globe Telecom also reached out to Philippine companies to establish directdeposit services to take place under the G.Cash platform.Today,G-Cashsubscribers have the ability to conduct personal finance transactions(depositpaychecks,withdraw cash,check balances,etc.)at more than 6,000 retailoutlets nationwide.Next,we will discuss how 3G deployments createexpanded opportunities in the business sector.Recent technology enhancements in 3G airlink-performance(i.e.,higher datarates,optimized quality of service(QoS),reduced latency,increased networkcapacity,etc.)are enabling mobile operators to achieve faster time-to-market,with a growing array of innovative new devices,applications and services.These new offerings help stimulate the expansion of the countrystelecommunications ecosystem,contributing to industry growth andcompetitiveness and paving the way for further innovation.In the workplace,mobile broadband services are providing employees withreal-time access to remote desktop enterprise solutions,increasing companyresponse times for customers and leading to increased productivity forworkers.For example,employees working offsite with mobile laptops orhandheld devices may access company resource management solutions anddynamically collaborate with intra-office systems that link warehouses,suppliers and customer databases.Other new capabilities in the connectedworkplace range from creating sales orders in real-time to automaticinventory re-stocking.Innovative 3G solutions like these are helpingenterprises improve their asset and resource management capabilities,streamline their operations and ultimately,achieve significant cost savings.Some of the latest mobile service offerings couple entertainment serviceswith elements of social networking functionality.One example of an industrycollaboration leading to the creation of an innovative new business model isthe“Xploaded Music”service offered by South African operator MTN.Theservice provides a forum for unsigned and independent ar