2023年小升初语法名词和数词.doc

小升初语法 名词一、 名词复数规则 1 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以元音字母+y结尾，直接加s，如：boy - boys ，day - days 4. 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5. 以o结尾的单词：a, 有生命的+es b, 无生命+s 如：potato-potatoes ； hero-heroes；mango-mangoes photo-photos radio - radios video - videos 6. 不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese deer - deer sheep-sheep policewoman-policewomen 二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 重要是在词尾加 s 构成。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 假如原名词已有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒 3. 假如原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀： 名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。基础练习一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。 1. plane_ tree _ lesson _ month_ apple _ shirt _ 2. box _ bus _ brush _ watch _ class_ fox _ 3. knife _ life _ leaf _ wife _ thief_ 4. day _ boy _ monkey _ baby _ country _ story _ 5. photo_ radio_ piano _ tomato _ hero _ 6. child_ tooth _ man_ sheep_ English _ Chinese_ 二、判断正误，并改正错句，对的的打 1 The house is my brother. _ 2. He has visited many country. _ 3. They are Englishs. _ 4. This is Tom red bike. _ 三、 选择填空 1 There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2. The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _? A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6. There are _ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、 将下列句子变成复数形式。 1 This sheep is white _ 2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._ 3.That man is a doctor. _小升初语法数词和冠词一、 数词 表达数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表达数量，序数词表达顺序。1101119201001 one 11 eleven20 twenty2 two12 twelve30 thirty3 three 13 thirteen40 forty4 four 14 fourteen50 fifty5 five15 fifteen60 sixty6 six16 sixteen 70 seventy7 seven 17 seventeen 80 eighty8 eight 18 eighteen 90 ninety9 nine 19 nineteen100 one hundred10 ten*基数词的写法 ：2199的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符。 例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加hundred，表达几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。 例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight 2 序数词的构成 1） 一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth 2） 下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。3） 例， one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 4） 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 5） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例， twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third*基数词变序数词的口诀： 基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth） 一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third） 八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth） 整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i th 前面有个e； 要是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、 冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book. 1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表达“一个”，但不强调数量。 She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。 This is a bus. The bus is big. 3. 不用冠词的情况： 1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim等。 2） 名词前已有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家 go to school 去上学 基础练习一、 在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填画/。 1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7) _ English book 8 ) _ spoon 二、 选择填空 1.There is _ m in the word primary A. an B.a C.the D./ 2. This is _ orange bike . A. a B.an C.the D/ 3. It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4. English is _ useful language in _ world . A. an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5. We are going to _ cinema this evening . A. the B./ C/a D.an 6. Hes standing on _ other side of _ river . A. a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7. _ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit . A. The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8. He was _ first to come . A. The B.a C.the D./ 9. Do you see _ book on _ table ? A. the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10. Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room . A. / , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11. He is _ friend of mine . A. an B./ C.the D.a 12. There is _ university near the farm . A. a B.an C.the D./ 13. He died in _ autumn of 1989 . A. / B.the C.a D.an 14. I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much . A. a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15. Today is _ Childrens Day . A. a B.an C.the D/ 能力测试题选择对的答案 1. There are_days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There are_students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4. He was doing some washing_. A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 5.There are _ months in a year. December is the _ month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6. Sunday is the_ day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7. Autumn is _ season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was_ to get to school and I was_. A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. a second; the ninth 9. Whats the date today? Its_ . A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th 10. Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday