湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30)Section AEach of the following sentences is incomplete and is followed by 4 choicesmarked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.(200.5=10 points)1After working for the firm for ten years he finally _ the rank ofdeputy&rector.A.achievedB.approachedC.attainedD.acquired【答案】C【解析】attain通常是达到一定的等级和职位，比如：rank，level。acquire，主要指习得，通过学习模仿才能得到，所以后面常跟宾语如，knowledge，habit。achieve尽管是达到，但更强调达到后的成就感，achieve success。2The person he interviewed was_ his former schoolmate.A.no other thanB.no more thanC.none other thanD.none the less【答案】C【解析】句意：他采访的人不是别人，正是他以前的同学。none otherthan意思是“恰是，不是别人而正是”，用以指人。no other than表示“不是别的(事)，正是”，指事物。none the less依然。3If not_with the respect he feels due to him,Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A.being treatedB.treatedC.be treatedD.having been treated【答案】B【解析】句意：如果杰克得不到他感觉自己应得的尊重的话，他就会脾气暴躁，一直抱怨。这里treat的逻辑主语不是Jack，而是别人，Jack应该是“被对待”，因此要用过去分词形式。4It was suggested that all government ministers should_ informationon their financial interests.A.discoverB.uncoverC.tellD.disclose【答案】D【解析】disclose侧重揭露或公开鲜为人知或保密的事。uncover只用于贬义，一般译作“揭露”。5The policemen went into action _ they heard the alarm.A.promptlyB.presentlyC.quicklyD.directly【答案】D【解析】句意：警察一听到警报，就采取了行动。directly在这里是“一就”的意思，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as，同样用法的还有immediately，instantly。6Even if they are on sale,these refrigerators are equal in price to,if notmore expensive than,_ at the other store.A.anyoneB.the othersC.thatD.the ones【答案】D【解析】代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators，为特指，故用the ones。7_,he does get initiated with her sometimes.A.As he likes her muchB.Much though he likes herC.Though much he like herD.Much as he likes her【答案】D【解析】这句话是as引导的让步状语从句，其句式为：名词/动词/副词/形容词as主语谓语动词（助动词）/情态动词/be。8Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to_ healthy.A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve【答案】B【解析】句意：专家说步行是让一个人保持健康的最好的方式之一。preserve,stay,maintain,reserve这4个词均有“保持”，“维持”之意。stay后可接形容词作表语。stay healthy保持健康。9As for the winter,it is inconvenient to be cold,with most of _furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.such【答案】A【解析】句意：至于冬天，天气很冷生活很不方便，因此把拨给的大部分燃料节省下来留着黎明时使用。what引导宾语从句，what furnace fuelis allowed是个整体，被分配的燃料。10For there_successful communication,there must be attentivenessand involvement in thediscussion itself by all present.A.isB.to beC.will beD.being【答案】B【解析】there be用作介词for的宾语时，要用there to be的形式。11It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley,but it_ as well as we had hoped.A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】句意：在深谷里建立发电站是一个大胆的设想，但是它却正如我们所希望的那样得以实现了。come off举行，实现。go off离开；进行。bring out出版，生产。make out理解；辨认出。12When a number of people _ together in a conversational knot,each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.A.padB.packC.squeezeD.cluster【答案】D【解析】句意：当很多人聚在一起讨论时，每个人都在这个小组里表达自己的立场。cluster together集中，聚在一起。13According to what you have just said,am I to understand that his newpost_ no responsibility with it at all?A.shouldersB.possessesC.carriesD.shares【答案】C【解析】句意：根据你刚才说的，我是否可以理解为他的新职位不必承担任何责任？carry responsibility意为“承担责任”，主语可以是物也可以是人。shoulder responsibility意为“承担的责任”，但其主语应为某人而非某物。share responsibility意为“分担责任”。根据题意，选项C为正确答案。14The American dream is most _during the periods of productivityand wealth generated byAmerican capitalism.A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial【答案】A【解析】句意：在美国的资本主义带来生产率的提高与财富增加的那段时期，美国梦看起来最可信。plausible貌似可信的。patriotic爱国的。primitive原始的。15Toms mother tried hard to persuade him to _ from his intention toinvest his savings in stock market.A.pull outB.give upC.draw inD.back down【答案】D【解析】句意：汤姆的妈妈竭力劝他放弃自己原来的想法，转而将积蓄投入股票市场。back down from放弃。pull out离开，撤离。draw in引诱；进站。16Frances _ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last monthtriggered political debates and mass demonstrations.A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption【答案】D【解析】句意：法国上月在南太平洋恢复核试验触发了政治辩论和大规模游行。resumption恢复；重新开始。presumption放肆，傲慢。17My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edisondisc I _ at a garage sale.A.trifled withB.scraped throughC.stumbled uponD.thirsted for【答案】C【解析】句意：我最喜欢的收音机歌曲是第一次听到的1923年艾迪逊唱片上的一首歌，这是我在一次车库甩卖中偶然听到的。stumble upon偶然发现。trifle with玩弄；视同儿戏。scrape through勉强通过。thirst for渴望。18Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it _ in religious,as well asworldly,frame of reference.A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed【答案】C【解析】在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。19In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or_for language learningpurposes,there is yet no comprehensive systematicprogram me for the reading skills.A.adaptedB.acknowledgedC.assembledD.appointed【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管有许多针对语言学习所专门创作或改编而来的阅读材料，但是目前还没有关于阅读技巧全面而又系统的规划。adapt在这里是“改编”的意思。20The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainlynot_ their prospect of promotion.A.spurB.furtherC.induceD.reinforce【答案】B【解析】句意：雇员们追求休闲当然不会有利于他们晋升。further指推动其他事物向前发展。Section B.Cloze(200.5=10 points)One major reason for Germanys high unemployment and the evidentweakness of business investment is the nature of the tax system,which tendsto(21)_ both individual effort and investment.(22)_ corporate taxrates are,in fact,very high and it is these rates that potential investorsprimarily look at.However,the actual burden(23)_ by companies is notas great as it might seem,because the tax base is fairly narrow.Thiscombination in itself tends to encourage tax(24)_ at both the personaland(25)_ levels.Moreover,by international standards,firms inGermany are still taxed quite heavily.A reform of corporate taxation,therefore,should start by(26)_ tax rates,cutting(27)_and broadening the taxable base.The resulting positiveimpact on growth would be reinforced if there were also a substantial(28)_ of the net burden.How do the current plans for a reform of corporate taxation(29)_ thesegoals？The overall tax burden on companies is to be brought downsignificantly,with the(30)_ of 35%being set.To this(31)_,adramatic reduction in the corporate tax on(32)_ earnings is planned.The related drop in revenues is to be(33)_by changes in the rulesgoverning tax breaks.An approach incorporating these basic features would,be a welcome step.Ifrealized in its present form,it should ensure that the objective of making taxrates more attractive for businesses is achieved.At the same time,however,itwould be(34)_ if an excessive broadening of the taxable base made itimpossible to attain the equally important goal of providing relief.Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to(35)_ investmentand to create new jobs,thus putting the economy on a higher growth path.The drop in revenues caused by the tax relief granted to both companies and(36)_ would,(37)_,be at least partially offset by the larger volumeof tax(38)_ produced by economic growth.The gaps that remainedshould primarily be closed through spending cuts.If measure of this sortproved inadequate,then,as a last(39)_,an increase in(40)_ taxescould perhaps be considered.21A.spurB.encourageC.lessenD.discourage22A.NominalB.ArtificialC.RealD.False23A.keptB.paidC.borneD.accepted24A.paymentB.avoidanceC.aversionD.control25A.corporateB.companysC.corporatedD.corporation26A.increasingB.inducingC.reducingD.deducing27A.subsidiariesB.subsidiesC.bonusesD.awards28A.freezingB.tighteningC.looseningD.easing29A.reflectB.measure up toC.incorporateD.come up to30A.floorB.topC.bottomD.ceiling31A.endB.purposeC.sideD.means32A.earnedB.disposableC.retainedD.taxable33A.offsetB.written offC.paid offD.repelled34A.comprehensiveB.unfortunateC.objectiveD.adaptable35A.exacerbateB.deteriorateC.broadenD.spur36A.consumersB.societiesC.householdsD.individuals37A.on timeB.over timeC.in timeD.in truth38A.receiptsB.reliefC.revenuesD.grants39A.meansB.resortC.approachD.methodology40A.progressiveB.directC.regressiveD.indirect【答案与解析】21B 所选动词的宾语为“individual effort and investment”，因此应该选encourage。22A 下文说到这些税实际上很高，但是“the tax base is fairlynarrow”，由此可见并不是真正地高。nominal名义上的；有名无实的。23C 空白处动词的宾语为burden，因此要选borne（忍受；负荷）。24B 前文说到税看起来很高，但实际上税基很窄，由此可见二者的结合鼓励了他们合法避税。tax avoidance（合法）避税。25A and前为personal，因此该空应该填corporate（企业的）。26C 根据文意可知，该空应该与“cutting”意思相近，与“broadening”意思相反。27B 这里的意思应该是“降低税率，减少补贴，扩大征税基础”。subsidy补贴；津贴。subsidiary子公司。28D 前半句说到“对经济增长的积极作用将加强”，因此这里应该是“减少”负担。29B 根据后面的“goals”可知，应该选measure up to（符合；达到）。30D 由后面的up to可知，这里应该是最大值，即“上限”。ceiling上限。31A 空白处后面说到了具体的措施，由此可见是为了达到前一句话所说的内容。to this end为了这个目的。32C retained earnings为会计术语，意思是“留存收益”。33A 这里的意思是“收入的相关下降将会被税收减免规则的改变所抵消。”34C 句意：然而，与此同时，如果过度扩大应税税基使提供救济的同等重要目标无法实现，这也是有可能客观出现的情况。35D 空白处动词后的宾语为investment，因此应该选spur。36C 这里说到的是“税收减免对公司和造成的收入下降”，这里应该填的是征税的对象，因此应该填households（家庭，家户）。37C 这里的意思是应该税收减免造成的收入下降应该“及时”被税收收入所抵消。in time及时。38A 该空填的内容应该与收入下降所抵消，因此应该填“收入”。39B as a last resort作为最后手段；万不得已。40D 前文提到的措施都是针对直接向纳税人征收的税，即直接税，最后说到如果这些措施都不可行，那就可以考虑增加“间接税”。indirecttax间接税。Section CDirections:There is an underlined part in each of the following sentences.Choose from the 4 choicesmarked A,B,C,and D to substitute the underlinedpart most approximately and appropriately.Write your answer on the answersheet.(100.5=5points)41The government has issued a new booklet laying down guidelines forsafety at work.A.inscribingB.subscribingC.ascribingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】句意：政府发布了一本新的小册子，为工作安全制定了指导方针。lay down放下；制定。prescribe规定。inscribe题写；题献。subscribe签署；赞成。ascribe归因于。42A despot is a ruler who keeps all power to himself or herself.A.hooliganB.rascalC.tyrantD.swindler【答案】C【解析】句意：暴君是一个把所有权力都握在自己手里的统治者。despot专制君主，暴君。tyrant暴君。hooligan流氓，恶棍。rascal流氓，无赖。swindler骗子。43They found it hard to understand that Tom who had once stronglydetested pet dogs could be so engrossedin pet raising these days.A.destituteB.absorbedC.engulfedD.captured【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆曾经一度非常讨厌宠物狗，现在却对宠物的饲养十分痴迷，这让他们很难理解。engrossed in埋头于，热衷于。absorbed in专心；热衷于。destitute穷困的；无的。44Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue.A.unexpectedlyB.unhappilyC.untidilyD.unofficially【答案】A【解析】句意：上星期天，她意外来访。out of the blue突然地；意外地。unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地。untidily不整洁地；凌乱地。45They were furious when one one of their best managers was poached byanother company.A.headhuntedB.punchedC.plunderedD.probed【答案】A【解析】句意：当最好的经理之一被另一家公司挖走时，他们非常愤怒。poach偷猎；窃取。headhunt猎头，物色人才。punch开洞；以拳重击。plunder掠夺；抢劫。probe探查。46The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable.A.indelibleB.inscrutableC.illegibleD.illegitimate【答案】C【解析】句意：墨水随着时间的推移已经褪色，所以这封信的某些部分无法阅读。illegible难辨认的；字迹模糊的。indelible难忘的；擦不掉的。inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的。illegitimate私生的；非法的。47She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest.A.bridledB.bridgedC.breathedD.boasted【答案】A【解析】句意：她对别人关于她不诚实的说法十分愤怒。bristle at对感到愤怒。bridle at为所激怒，生的气。boast夸口说，自吹自擂说。48The Romans subdued a large part of Europe and the Middle East.A.submittedB.surpassedC.conqueredD.oppressed【答案】C【解析】句意：罗马人征服了欧洲和中东的大部分地区。subdue镇压，制服。conquer战胜，征服。surpass超越；胜过。oppress压迫，压抑。49The waitresses disliked serving him his dinner because of his veryfastidious taste.A.fancyB.capriciousC.meticulousD.corpulent【答案】C【解析】句意：服务员不喜欢为他提供晚餐，因为他的品味非常挑剔。fastidious挑剔的；苛求的。meticulous一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的。capricious反复无常的；任性的。corpulent肥胖的。50If the grand jury indicts the suspect he will go to trial.A.agreesB.chargesC.abdicatesD.confesses【答案】B【解析】句意：如果大陪审团起诉嫌疑犯，他将出庭受审。indict控告，起诉。charge指控，控告。abdicate退位；放弃。confess承认；坦白。Section DDirections:Fill in each blank by referring to the word given in theparaphrases and changing the form of the word if necessary.Please writeyour answers on the answer sheet.(100.5=5 points)51Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter,the records of his activities ascarver and manuscript painter attestto his _.(versatile).【答案】versatility【解析】versatile为形容词，意思是“多才多艺的，万能的”，这里应该填入其名词形式。52Medicines finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas.For centuries,medicine was impotent and hence _.(problem).【答案】unproblematic【解析】句意：医学的最佳时期是其困境的曙光。几个世纪以来医学的无能从今以后将不成问题。由第一句话可知，医学即将走出困境，hence表示“今后”，因此这里应该填一个有积极意义的形容词。53What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one ofbestowing meager increments of _ life.(enjoy)【答案】unenjoyed【解析】句意：如果医学未来只是起延长痛苦的生命的作用，那么它的命运将多么可耻啊！ignominious的意思是“可耻的”，因此空白处应该填一个消极的形容词。54Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations,which the public haseagerly swallowed.Yet as these expectations grow unlimited,they become_.(fulfill)【答案】unfulfillable【解析】句意：药物给公众带来了过高的期望。然而，随着这些期望的无限增长，它们也变得越来越无法实现。由句意可知，公众对药物的期望越来越高，这些期望也就越来越无法实现。55The rush to open hitherto _areas to mass tourism is not beingwelcomed by everyone.Indigenous and environmental groups say that manyparts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed.(access)【答案】inaccessible【解析】由句中的“open”即后文的“many parts of the Andes”可知，这里说的是“人迹罕至的”地区。56The four stages identified in making a change are called _(resistingthe change),contemplation(weighing the pros and cons of the change),action(exercising willpower to make the change),and maintenance(usingwillpower to sustain the change).(contemplate)【答案】precontemplation【解析】由句子可知，这一阶段在contemplation之前，给出的提示词又是contemplate，因此是“前预期阶段”。57Investors seeking a cheap,no-frills way to sell _ shares need lookno further than the post box.(private)【答案】privatization【解析】privatization shares私有化股份。58The first chapter discusses aspects of the _of technological changeand then goes on to considerwhat the literature has had to say.(concept)【答案】conceptualization【解析】这里的意思是“第一章讨论了技术变革的概念化”。conceptualization概念化；化为概念。59Medical _is designed to be unsatisfying.The prolongation of lifeand and the search for perfect health(beauty,youth,happiness)are inherentlyself-defeating.(consume)【答案】consumerism【解析】“The prolongation of life and the search for perfecthealth”为“medical _”的内容，因此填consumerism。60No amount of government exhortation or _ will completelyeliminate the problem of old peoplewho have insufficient means to makeends meet.(paternal)【答案】paternalism【解析】由or前的exhortation可知，这里应该填入一个名词。paternalism家长式统治。Part I Reading Comprehension(40 points)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a short passage followed by 5 questions.Read the passage carefully and then give brief answers to the questions belowin the fewest words possible.(52=10)Passage 1Every second,1 hectare of the worlds rainforest is destroyed.Thatsequivalent to two football fields.An area the size of New York City is lostevery day.In a year,that adds up to 31 million hectaresmore than the landarea of Poland.This alarming rate of destruction has serious consequencesfor the environment;scientists estimate,for example,that 137 species ofplant,insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging.In BritishColumbia,where,since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut,142 species of salmon have already become extinct,and the habitats ofgrizzly bears,wolves and many other creatures are threatened.Logging,however,provides jobs,profits,taxes for the government and cheap productsof all kinds for consumers,so the government is reluctant to restrict orcontrol it.Much of Canadas forestry production goes tow