法律常用术语分类中英对照.doc

法律常用术语【（一）、法令】u rule 条例u law 法律u criminal law 刑法u interpret 解释（法律）u the legislature 立法机构u the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】u the judge 法官u the lawyer律师（总称）u the jury陪审团 u the juror陪审团成员u the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；u the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人u the injured party/victim 被害人u witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者u the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师u the accused/defendant 被告人 u the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】u case 案件u crime - criminal adj.u a criminal case 刑事案件 u a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名-criminal behavior】u guilt n. Antonym innocenceguilty adj. Antonyminnocent guilty of a crime/charge innocent of a crime/charge commit a crimeviolate a criminal lawu murder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪 manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪u forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪u criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimesu stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀u mug v. =rob抢劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】u arrestu pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car【调查】u investigation conduct a criminal investigation into u criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawu cross-examination【诉讼】u find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyu to be charged with/to be accused of to accuse sb. of certain crime u charge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.u prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution over to bring a prosecution against sb. 对提起诉讼escape prosecution u criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crimeu claim v. to say that someones actions are the cause of something【法庭种类】u a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court. u a civil court 民事法庭 u childrens court 少年法庭u The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】u supervise监督【作证】u to testify v.作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony证词 u proof definite proofprovide the proofpresent the proofu evidence 证据，证物to identify 鉴别u flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾u alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭审】u question v.u question/suspect sbs motive【辩护】u to defend sb 为辩护u to refute 反驳-refutable adj.-refutation n.【陪审团讨论】u the jury陪审团 u a grand jury 大陪审团u the juror陪审团成员u the jury room 陪审室u discuss - discussion讨论u proposal 提议u vote 投票u abstain v. 弃权u vote for/in favor of/againstu take a preliminary votee.g. I think its customary to take a preliminary voteu analyze 分析u assume v. 假定u ballot n. 无记名投票u to argue with 争论u agreement 一致意见u disagreement 反对意见u a reasonable doubt u to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decision u declare a hung juryu reach a unanimous decision u be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪u prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】u guilty/ not guilty(innocent) u trial/ the jury trial审判u a fair trialu set free / acquitted 无罪释放u admit v. agree that something is true 承认u plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【（五）、处罚-punishment】【场所】u reform school 感化院, u jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】u jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jail jail someone for something go/ be sent to jail to serve a jail term u be executed the executioner to pull the switch u to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑u get out of jail【其他】u have the right to do 有权u on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同)cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税