九年级语法宾语从句专题讲解.doc

教学目标1. 掌握宾语从句的基本知识。包括：连接词，时态，语序。2. 理解宾语从句的简化和否定转移3.运用宾语从句解题【宾语从句概念】 【试比较】仔细观察（1）和（2）两句有什么不同？（1）We know him. 主 谓 宾（2）We know he likes English. 主 谓 主 谓 宾 在复合句中作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可做动词的宾语，介词的宾语和某些形容词的宾语。 【例】I think that she is very beautiful. 我认为她很漂亮。 My teacher was satisified with what I did.我的老师对我做的事感到满意。 宾语从句也可做某些形容词的宾语，如下： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句, 【例】Im sorry Im late. 对不起,我迟到了。 Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. 恐怕他此刻不在家。【句式结构】一般为：主句连词+从句主语+从句谓语+.宾语从句三关突破法【一】分类关 根据引导词的不同，我们可以将宾语从句划分为三大类： 1、 由that引导的宾语从句。当宾语从句的成分是完整的陈述句时，用that引导。 That在句只起连接作用，没有实际意义。在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 【例】Some people believe (that) colours can influence our moods. 有人相信颜色可以影响我们的心情。 I think (that) blue is better than pink. 我认为蓝色比粉红色好。 【反馈】老师告诉我们她是一个诚实的女生。 _ 她希望黄色能给她带来成功。 _ 【知识拓展】that在下列宾语从句中不可省：（1） 当宾语从句的主语是that时； e.g. “That is an interesting book ”he said. He said that that is an interesting book. 他说那是一本有趣的书。（2）当从句前有插入语时；（插入语一般为对某句话作一些特殊的说明，通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。） E.g.It says,on the card,that it is made in China. 卡片上说它是中国制造的。（3）当宾语从句是主从复合句时。 E.g. Im afraid that if youve lost it ,you must pay for it. 如果你丢了它，恐怕你必须进行赔偿。（4） 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that不可省略。 【例】He said (that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 他说这部电影很有意思，他非常喜欢看。2、由if/whether引导的宾语从句。当一般疑问句转化为宾语从句时用If/whether连接，if/whether在句中意为“是否”，不可省略。 【例】 “Do you like listening to music? ”he asked me. He asked me if / whether I like listening to music. 他问我是否喜欢听音乐。【知识拓展】在下列情况中，只能用“whether”表示是否：（1） 在具有选择意义，又有or/or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether： 【例】Im not sure whether he will come or not. 我不确定他会不会来。 I dont know whether or not he does any washing. 我不知道他洗不洗衣服。【反馈】我不知道我们是去是留。 _ He asked me _ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane or not. A. that B. if C. how D. whether 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.（2）在介词之后用whether。【例】We are thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我们正在考虑是否能按时完工。 (3) 在不定式前用whether。【例】I dont know whether to go. 我不知去不去。 (4)当whether引导的从句作介词的宾语或置于句首,表示强调时不能用if替换。 【例】Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 每件事都要取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 Whether he will come,I am not sure.我不确定他是否会来。3、 用连接代词who，whom, which, whose, what和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。当特殊疑问句转化为宾语从句时，连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词，这些词在句中各有其意，不可省略。 【例】 I want to know. I want to know what he has told you. “what has he told you ? 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 Can you tell me Can you tell me where he comes from? Where does he comes from ? 你能告诉我他来自哪儿吗？ Could you tell me what I should do with the money? 你能告诉我如何处理这笔钱吗？【反馈】 -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4:00. A.how B. Where C.when D. what Doyouknow_youarestudyingfor? A. what B. that C .how D. Why I dont know _he still lives here after so many years A.where B. / C.whether D.when【二】语序关 不论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序。即“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。【例】I like english. 主语 谓语动词 宾语 She is beautiful. 主语 系动词 表语 （1）Ihear I hear (that) physics isnt easy physicsisnteasy. 我听说物理并不容易。 （2）please tell me Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting. When will we have the meeting? 请告诉我我们什么时候开会。改一改：（一）将下列句子改为陈述句。 Does he have a pen ? _ What happened to you ? _ Whats wrong with you ? _ Which place did he go to ? _Whats matter with you ? _（二）将上面的句子置在一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。 Can you tell me./ do you know./I wonder. _ _ _ _ _想一想：为什么3、4、5三句没有变化呢？_【三】时态关 在宾语从句中，时态遵循“主现从任意，主过从过去”的十字原则。1、主现从任意，即，若主句为现在的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么从句的时态不受限制，可以根据实际情况而定。（1）I remember (that) he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得昨天他给了我一本书。（2） Pleasetelluswhereheis. 请告诉我们他在哪？（3）He has told me (that)hell leave for New York tomorrow. 他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2、主过从过去，即，若主句为过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），宾语从句必须为相对映过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。（1）Heaskedwhattimeitwas. 他问现在几点了。（2） He told me (that) he was preparing for the final examination. 他告诉我他正在为期末考试做准备。（3） HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter. 他问你是否已经给peter写信了。（4） HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.K soon. 他说他将很快回英国。3、若从句中陈述的是客观事实，俗语或真理，则其时态常为一般现在时。（1）OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear. 我们老师说一月是一年的第一个月份。（2） Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthmovesaroundthesun. 科学家已经证实地球围绕着太阳转。【反馈】 I wanted to know _, but no one would like to tell me. A. what dothe old man say B. what the old man need C. what did the old man want D. what the old man meant -Do you know _ last night? -Sorry, I dont know. But I think he should go to bed early because he will have an English exam this afternoon. A. when he goes to bed B. when he went to bed C. when did he go to bed -They knew the sun _ much bigger than the earth then. A. is B. was C.will be D has been【宾语从句解题技巧】1.语序优先（ ）2.补缺原则，引导词的考查是宾语从句考查的一个重点。“缺什么补什么”是解决这类题型的重要方法。 拓 展【一】否定转移 1、在复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。【例】I dont think that he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来的。【练习】（1）我认为你叔叔不是真的喜欢戏剧。 _ （2）我相信他不会说谎。 _【二】宾语从句的简化 1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，that引导的从句可化为不定式结构。【例】I hope that I can receive your e-mail. = I hope to receive your e-mail. 我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 2、当宾语从句的主语和从句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，疑问词引导的从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”的结构。【例】She doesnt know what she should do next. =She dosent know what to do next. 她不知道下一步该怎么办。3、 当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，疑问词引导的从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”的结构。【例】Will you please show me how I can work it now? =Will you please show me how to work it out? 请告诉我怎样把它解出来好吗？4、 动词seem后面的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当变化。一般情况下，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（的适当形式）作谓语。【例】It seems that football is very interesting. =Football seems to be very interesting. 足球似乎非常有趣。5、宾语从句有时候可以简化为名词或名词短语。【例】I dont believe what Tom said. =I dont believe Toms words. 我不相信汤姆说的话。【练习】（1）We havent decide if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.（改为同义句） We havent decide _ _ _ to Hainan Island for a holiday. （2）I think Daniel has finished his homework.（改为否定句） _ （3）He seems to have learnt about the bad news .（改为同义句） It seems _ _ _ _the bad news. 【注意】：1. if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句if 有两个意思，作“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句（同whether）,从句的时态由事实决定；作“假如，如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句，此时若主句为一般将来时或祈使句，从句通常用一般现在时。【例】We dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains,we wont have a sports meeting.我们不知道明天是否下雨。如果下雨，我们就不开运动会了。2. when引导的宾语从句和时间状语从句（1） when引导的时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时，从句的时态应与主句时态保持一致。（2） when引导的宾语从句首先要保证从句的陈述句语序，然后再根据主句的时态确定从句的时态，使其基本与主句内容保持意义上的一致。【例】I dont know when my father will come back,but Ill tell you when he comes back. 我不知道父亲什么时候回来，但他回来时我会告诉你的。练 习【一】改错题 1） We dont know what time is it. 2） Mike asked when did the meeting start.3） We havent decided where are we going to spend the weekend.4） You said that you have my telephone number.5） He asked me I was at home that day.【二】中考直击 1.-Jack,could you tell me_for travelling this summer?(2014连云港，14) -We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan. A.where your family will go B.how will your family go C.how your family will go D.where will your family go 2. -Granny,the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.(2014镇江，15) -Oh,could you tell me _? A.how did you go to the park B.what you did in the trip C.that you saw something beautiful D.if your friends had played with you 3.-I dont understand _.(2014苏州，13) -Im sorry but I was doing my homework. A.why you didnt watch the football match B.why didnt you watch the football game C.why you dont watch the football match D.why dont you watch the football game 4.-How long does it take to get to the airport?(2013无锡，8) -Forty minutes.But its foggy today.Im not sure _the highway will be closed soon.Lets set off earlier. A.whether B.when C.how D.why 5.-Do you know _now?（北京市） -In the Peoples Hotel A . where is Tom working B .where did Tom work C. where Tom is working D.where Tom worked 6.-Tom, please tell me_. （2012徐州，14） -In Sunshine Second School. A. where will the match take place B. where the match will take place C. when will the match take place D. when the match will take place 7.-Did Mr White tell you_?（福州市） -Yes. He said he went there in 2003. A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan C. Where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming8. -Where do you think _he_the computer?（南京） -Sorry,I have no idea.A./;bought B.has ;bought C.did ;buy D.does; buy9.-Tell me_.（2013湖北武汉） -Well,its like.A.what is wrong with it B.what is it C.what the matter is with it D.what is it like10.Our hometown has changed a lot these years.These pictures can show you _in the past.A.what our hometown looked like （2014黑龙江哈尔滨，15）B. what was our hometown likeC.how our hometown looked like11. -What did your parents think about your decision ?（2010无锡，3） -They always let me do _I think I should. A.when B.that C.how D.what 【三】填空题1.“TheseflowersarefromGuangdong”hesaid. Hesaid_theseflowers_fromGuangdong.2. “Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Myteachertoldme. Myteachertoldme_light_fasterthansound.3. Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow? Doyouknow_hercar?4. Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows? Whoknows_inthepicture?5.Wearesurethathe_(go)toschooltomorrow.6.Doyouknowwho_(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?7.Myfathersaidthathe_(will)buyanewcomputer.【四】选择合适的连词填空1.Doyouknow_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）2.She said_itwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）3.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who）4.Ireallydontknow_thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）5. Theydontknow_togoorwait.(if,whether)6. Iwasreallysurprisedat_Isaw.(where,what)7. Idontknow_somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)