大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】.pdf

目录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Passage Aestablish is5tAbliF v.建立，设立；安置，使定居【例句The company was established in 1860.这家公司创办于一八六零年。【词组】establish oneself in 定居于；在落户establish oneself in 在落户，定居在【助记】e（出）+stabl（稳定）+ish（动词后缀）稳定后才能建立【派生】establishment n.确立，制定；公司；设施nationality nAFE5nAlEti n.国籍；民族；国家；部落；民族性【例句】She lives in Germany but has French nationality.她住在德国但是拥有法国国籍。instructor in5strQktE n.指导者，教员；指导书【例句】The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office.驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。【词组】fitness instructor 健美师；健身指导training instructor 训练教官；训练导师laboratory lE5bCrEtEri,5lAbErEtEri n.实验室【例句】Our laboratory is well equipped.我们的实验室装备良好。【词组】laboratory test 实验试验laboratory equipment 实验室设备；实验室仪器laboratory scale 实验室规模laboratory data 实验数据；实验室资料【助记】laboratory n.实验室缩略为lablab n.实验室assign E5sain vt.分配，指派；指定（时间、地点等）；（分派的）任务【例句】The hardest work was assigned to the strongest laborers.最繁重的工作分配给最强壮的劳工。【词组】assign sb to sth 指定某人做一工作或任一职务；委派，选派某人【助记】as（加强语气）+sign（签名）签署任命指派。一再的把你标记上去，分配。【派生】assignable adj.可分配的；可指定的；可让渡的assignment n.分配；任务；作业；功课supervise 5sju:pEvaiz v.监督，管理，指导【例句】The chief clerk supervises the work of the department.这位主管监督整个部门的工作。【助记】super（超过）+vis（看）+e在超出别人高度的地方看监督【派生】supervisory adj.监督的supervisor n.监督人；检查员tutorial tju:5tC:riEl adj.家庭教师的，辅导教师的；辅导的，指导的n.个人辅导时间；受大学教育时间【例句】We have lectures and tutorials in history.我们的历史课有讲课和导师指导两种方式。【词组】by tutorials;in a tutorial manner 依靠导师；以导师制的方式grant rB:nt v.同意，准予；给予，授予n.授予物；津贴；转让证书；补助金；助学金【例句】I take it for granted you have read this book.我认为你一定读过这本书。【词组】take it for granted想当然【助记】“格兰”一个空调品牌，如果你表现出色，准许你把这台“格兰”空调拿回去当风扇用。diploma di5plEumE n.毕业证书，学位证书；公文，文书；奖状vt.发给毕业文凭【例句】The secretary had diplomas in both education and linguistics.秘书取得了教育学和语言学的两种毕业文凭。【助记】diplo（双倍的）+ma（拼音：妈）妈妈付出双倍努力得到了毕业文凭和学位证书。minimum 5minimEm n.最小值；最低限度adj.最小的，最低的【例句】Youll need a minimum deposit of$20，000.你必须有一笔最低额为2万美元的存款。【词组】a minimum of 至少；最少的【助记】minim（小）+um（名词后缀）最小（的）eligible 5elidVEbl adj.符合条件的；（尤指婚姻等）合适（意）的n.合格者；适任者；有资格者【例句】Only native-born citizens are eligible to the office of president.只有本国出生的公民才有资格当选总统。【词组】eligible for 合格；够资格【助记】e+lig（=lect选择）+ible能被选择出来的合格的【派生】eligibility n.适任，合格；被选举资格scheme ski:m n.&v.阴谋，诡计；计划，安排；配置；方案【例句】All the schemes and intrigues are doomed to failure.一切阴谋诡计都是注定要失败的。【助记】sch（看作school学校）十eme（看作theme作文）学校作文计划，方案【派生】scheming adj.惯耍阴谋的，诡计多端的initiative i5niFiEtiv adj.起始的，初步的，创始的n.进取心，首创精神，倡议；主动性，主动权【例句】He took the initiative in designing a recording study.他开始了设计录音棚的初步行动。【词组】on ones own initiative主动地have/seize the initiative 掌握主动【派生】initial adj.开始的，最初的assessment E5sesmEnt n.估价，估定【例句】His assessment of the situation was spot-on.他对形势判断得很正确。alliance E5laiEns n.结盟；联姻【例句】They made an alliance against the common enemy.他们联合起来抵御共同敌人。【词组】in alliance with与联盟【助记】all（全部）+iance（名词后缀）rigorous 5riErEs adj.严格的，严厉的；严酷的，严峻的【例句】He makes a rigorous study of the plant in the area.他对该地的植物进行了慎密的研究。【助记】精力充沛的（vigorous）人，对人要求很严格（rigorous）。facilitate fE5siliteit vt.（使）容易，（使）便利；促进，帮助【例句】The broken lock facilitated my entrance into the empty house.坏了的门锁使我毫不费力地进入了那所空房子。【助记】facile（易做到的；不花力气的；性格温和的）face，le乐：想让脸乐还不容易吗？【派生】facility n.设施；设备；容易；灵巧exploit iks5plCit v.开拓，开发；剥削；利用n.功绩，功勋，业绩【例句】Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience.电视广告商能利用被动观众。The daring exploits of the parachutists were much admired.跳伞者大胆的冒险动作令人赞叹不已。【助记】发音象employ 使用，雇用；很多employer雇方使用employee时是为其私利剥削利用，而且现在这种行为还成了英雄行为了。【派生】exploitative adj.剥削的；利用的；开发资源的exploitation n.开发，开采；利用；广告推销Passage Bconvocation kCnvE5keiFEn n.召集；集会；教士会议；评议会【例句】The convocation held at four oclock had passed a regulation.四点举行的会议通过了一项规章制度。【词组】convocation of graduates毕业生集会convocation has/have ruled that.会议规定如下contemplate 5kCntempleit v.思量，凝视；预期，企图；对周密考虑【例句】For the whole day he did nothing but contemplated.他整天什么也没干，一个劲儿地在冥思苦想。【助记】con（共同）+templ（联想temple）+ate（eat的过去式）共同进庙里吃住来冥思苦想【派生】contemplation n.沉思；注视；意图revolutionize 7revE5l(j)u:FEnaiz vt.宣传革命，大事改革；灌输革命思想；彻底改变；发动革命【例句】They wanted to revolutionize the whole world.他们要在全世界发动革命。【词组】revolutionize banking 彻底改变银行业务的运作revolutionize the fast food industry 大事改革快餐行业revolutionize the transportation industry 彻底颠覆交通运输业revolutionize this type of game 彻底改变这种游戏ethical 5eWikEl adj.伦理学的；道德的，合乎道德的【例句】The trade association promotes ethical business practices.这个贸易协会提倡合乎道德标准的商业行为。【词组】ethical issues 伦理议题；伦理问题（ethical issue的复数）ethical education 伦理教育ethical principle 道德原则ethical behavior 道德行为；合伦理的行为flora 5flC:rE n.植物区系；植物群【词组】flora and fauna 动植物；动植物群intestinal flora 肠菌类normal flora 正常菌丛；正常微生物区系【派生】floral adj.花的；植物的，植物群的；花似的【助记】flora尤指某一地区或某一时期的植物群，与fauna（动物群）相对。fauna 5fC:nE n.动物区系【例句】The area supports a wide range of fauna，the most famous of whichis the Royal Bengal tiger.该地区动植物种类繁多，其中最有名的是皇家孟加拉虎。【词组】flora and fauna 动植物；动植物群【助记】来自faun 古罗马传说中半人半羊状的农牧神(在古希腊、罗马艺术中常有描绘)；音：放呢放牧呢放牧动物呢。sustainable sEsteinEbl adj.可以忍受的，足可支撑的；养得起的【例句】The question is how sustainable all this is，and how stabilizing.问题是，这一切能持续多久，并且如何稳定下来。【词组】sustainable development 可持续发展sustainable growth 可持续增长【派生】sustainability n.持续性；永续性；能维持性faculty 5fAkElti n.才能，本领，能力；（大学的）系，科；全体教员【例句】She has the faculty to learn languages easily.她有轻而易举学会语言的才能。【词组】faculty of/for doing sth.做某事物的特殊才能【助记】fac（做）+ult（看作cult崇拜）+y具有才能的人是别人崇拜的对象scholarly 5skRlElI adj.学者气质的，学者风度的；博学的【例句】It is a commercial book，not a scholarly tome.这是一本以赚钱为目的，而不是学术性的书籍。【词组】scholarly pursuits 学术研究a scholarly treatise 学术论述a scholarly attitude 学术意见scholarly journal 学术杂志，学术期刊prejudice 5predVudis n.偏见，成见；损害，侵害v.使抱偏见，损害【例句】A judge must be free from prejudice.法官不应存有偏见。【词组】without prejudice 无偏见prejudice against对的偏见to the prejudice of sbs rights有损于某人的权利【助记】pre+judge 预先判断，先入为主的成见，做人判断不应对人抱有偏见与成见【派生】prejudicial adj.不利的；有害的；引起偏见的pluralistic 9plJErElIstIk adj.兼管数个教堂的，兼职的【例句】Our objective is a free，open，and pluralistic society.我们的目标是一个自由、开放和多元化的社会。frontier 5frQntiE n.国境，边境；尖端，新领域【例句】The frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast.边界从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸。ignite i5nait v.使点燃；发火vt.激起【例句】The oppression ignited the hatred of the people.压迫激起人民的仇恨。【助记】ig（谐音：一个）+nite（night）在一个晚上，需要点燃料来照明【派生】ignition n.点火，点燃；着火，燃烧；点火开关，点火装置forefront 5fC:frQnt n.最前部，最前线，最活动的中心【例句】The brave soldier was in the forefront of the fighting.那个勇敢的士兵战斗在最前线。A new group of singers are coming to the forefront.一群新歌手正崭露头角。【词组】forefront issues前沿问题a woman who is the forefront of an important enterprise在一项重大事业中最前方的女性in the forefront of my mind 我首先考虑的immense i5mens adj.广大的，巨大的；口 极好的【例句】He made an immense amount of money in business.他在生意中赚了一大笔钱。【助记】im（不）+mens（测量）+e不能测量的巨大的，广大的【派生】immensely adv.极大地；无限地；广大地；庞大地immensity n.巨大；无限；广大transform trAns5fC:m v.改变，变换；变压；转化；改造，改造；改革n.变换（式），转换【例句】In only 20 years，the country has been transformed into anadvanced industrial power.这个国家仅用了20年时间就发展成为一个发达的工业化国家。【词组】transform sth./sb.=(from sth.)(into sth.)完全改变某事物某人的外观或特性transform into 转变成【助记】trans（变换）+form（形状）变形【派生】transformable adj.可变化的；可变形的；可转化的transformation n.转化；转换；改革；变形alumni E5lQmnai n.男毕业生；男校友【例句】The college appealed to its alumni for funds.该学院向男校友募集基金。Culture Saloninspirational 9inspEreiFEnEl adj.有灵感的，给予灵感的；鼓舞人心的【例句】It is the most inspirational，heartwarming film you will ever see.这将是一部你所见过的最为鼓舞人心，暖人心房的影片。【词组】inspirational book励志丛书inspirational disease灵感疾病inspirational music当代基督教音乐affirm E5fE:m v.赞成；肯定（自己的主张、思想、信仰）；（在法庭上）证实，宣誓说实话【例句】He affirmed his love for her.他肯定他爱她。【词组】Copyright Affirm版权申明affirm ones loyalty to ones country声言忠于祖国【助记】af 加强+firm（坚定，牢固更坚定肯定。af（加强）+firm（坚定的）十分坚定断言，坚持声称【派生】affirmative adj.肯定的；积极的affirmative n.肯定语；赞成的一方affirmation n.主张，肯定；断言unswerving Qn5swE:viN adj.不歪的，不偏离的；坚定的，始终不渝的【例句】He is unswerving in pursuit of his aims.他坚定地追求自己的目标。【词组】pursue an unswerving course 坚定地采取某方针a narrow but unswerving clay road 一条狭而直的水泥路unswerving faith信念坚定totem 5tEutEm n.图腾，标识，徽章【例句】I have seen many posts of people saying his totem falls when he is inothers dreams.我已经看过很多人的帖子，说他的图腾在别人的梦中倒下了。rally 5rAli n.集会，群众大会；公路汽车赛；振作v.集合，团结；恢复，振作【例句】Paused to refresh themselves and rally their strength.暂停一下，让他们恢复恢复体力。【词组】(hold a)rally 团结；（举行）集会【助记】r+all（全部）+y让所有人都来集合depict di5pikt vt.描述；描画【例句】The artist tried to depict realistically the Battle of Waterloo.这位画家试图逼真地刻画滑铁卢战役。【词组】depictas 把描绘成【助记】de（谐音：弟）+pic（照片，电影）+t（谐音：他）弟弟给他拍照片和电影来描述他【派生】depiction n.描写，叙述beneath bi5ni:W prep.在之下；有失身份，不值得；在掩盖下adv.在下方【例句】The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow.大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖。waning 5weiniN adj.衰退的n.减弱；月亏【例句】Her enthusiasm for the expedition was waning rapidly.她对这次出行的热劲迅速降低了。【词组】waning crescent残月二、课文精解Dialogue Samples1.Im really worried that Ill fail the exam：that引导宾语从句。fail theexam考试不及格。例：The last thing I needed was to fail the exam!我最不想要的就是考试不及格了！2.How come you havent studied for it：how come是固定搭配，意为：怎么会，怎么回事，以How come开头的问句有时也可说成：How comes it(about)that.?/How is it that.?它和Why一样，可以用来引导一个问句。所不同的是，如果用How come来提问，就表示你觉得某件事很奇怪，有点想不通；并且，以How come开头的问句使用的仍是陈述句的语序。3.the only way to find time to study is to set aside the time：set aside 留作之用；留出。例：The hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms forus.旅店经理给我们留出两间舒适的房间。放弃（信仰、原则或情感）；置于不顾。例：He urged them to set aside minor differences forthe sake of peace.他敦促他们为了和平抛开一些小的分歧。Passage A1.UK：即The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland。大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成，是一个位于欧洲西北面大不列颠群岛的君主立宪制国家。始于英格兰王国故简称英国，1536年与威尔士合并，1707年与苏格兰合并，1801年与爱尔兰合并，18世纪至20世纪初期其统治的大英帝国跨越全球，成为有史以来世界上最强大的国家，两次世界大战爆发后虽战胜，但国力严重受损，到20世纪下半叶大英帝国解体，超级大国领导地位被美国和前苏联取代。不过，现在的英国仍是一个在政治、经济、军事、科技以及文化等诸多领域拥有巨大影响力的世界强国，为联合国安理会五大常任理事国之一，亦是世界上最大的经济体之一，国民拥有很高的生活质量，是全球最富裕、经济最发达的国家之一。首都伦敦是欧洲最大和全球最为领先的城市之一。勇气、礼貌、担当的“绅士道”构成了英国精神的内核与实质。2.Three of the five private halls are for men only.Of the colleges，St.Hildas and Somerville are for women，and the rest are for men andwomen：这两句介绍牛津大学的5个私人学院中，有3个只招男生。在学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男女兼收。the rest作主语时，其谓语要根据the rest所指的内容而定。本句中the rest指therest of the college，所以谓语动词用复数形式的are。I drank only a little ofthe water.The rest was drunk by him.中the rest指the water，谓语用单数。3.At Oxford，each college is a corporate body distinct from the universityand is governed by its own head and fellows：牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。corporate 团体的，法人组织的：This company has its own corporate body.这个公司是个独立的实体。共同的，全体的：It is the corporate responsibility for thetwo companies to share profit or burdens.两个公司共同的责任是分享利润或负担。distinct from与不同。例：Mozarts style is quite distinct fromHaydns.莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。be distinct in在某方面不同。govern管理；统治。rule也有“统治”之意，二者的区别在于：govern侧重用权力来控制、管理某物、某人，含有需要知识和理智来治理和管理的意味。rule侧重有制定法律、发号施令、强迫别人服从的权力，含有完全控制他人的意思。比govern更具专制意味。4.Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor，who supervises the studentsprogram of study，primarily through tutorials：在牛津大学，给每个学生都会配一个导师，主要通过导师制监督学生的学习。who引导非限定性定语从句，修饰a tutor，primarily through tutorials作状语。assign分配。含有“分配”之意的同义词辨析：assign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配，也不一定是很公平的。distribute通常指以整体或定量分为若干份来分配。allocate：主要指金钱、财产、权力或领土等的分配，着重分配的比例和专门用途。supervise监督，管理，指导。例：The oldprofessor supervises the postgraduate student.这位老教授指导那个研究生。under the supervision of sb.在某人监督(指导)下。5.Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction：instruction 讲授，教导。例：Mrs.Wang gave instruction in English when I was inmiddle school.在中学时王女士教我英语。指令；命令。ask forinstruction请示。give instructions to do sth.指挥/命令做某事。用法说明；操作指南。例：Always read the instructions before you start taking themedicine.在服药之前一定要先阅读说明书。6.Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own specialinterests and on the advice of their tutors学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。句中which lectures to attend作choose的宾语，to attend为动词不定式作后置定语修饰lectures。on the basis of以为基础。on the advice of根据的建议。例：He gave up smoking on theadvice of his doctor.根据医生的建议，他戒烟了。7.Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for aparticular scholarship before making an application，as most of the schemesare restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs：句中that从句作check的宾语，as引导原因状语从句。be eligible to do sth./for sth.有资格干某事，合格。Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。例：apply for申请；请求。例：I made up mymind to apply for a scholarship.我决定申请奖学金。apply oneself to致力于，集中精力做某事。例：It is difficult to apply oneself to a boring task.致力于厌烦的工作是非常困难的。apply sth.to把施于；把运用于。例：His project is concerned with applying the technology to practicalbusiness problems.他的项目是将这项技术应用于实际的商务问题。8.The university has been named the UKs most innovative university in theLaunchit2001 competition，which aimed to discover which Britishuniversity has demonstrated the greatest achievements in innovation andenterprise across the broadest range of activity：句意：在2001年度的“创新杯”竞赛中牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神的大学称号。该竞赛旨在发现哪一所英国大学在最广的领域内取得了改革创新和不断进取的最大成就。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰限定competition，discover后的which作形容词表示“哪一个”。enterprise(艰巨或冒险性的)工作，事业。例：This is a great enterprise.这是个伟大的事业。事业心，进取心。例：His mother is a woman of enterprise.他妈妈是个有事业心的人。企业，事业单位。free enterprise自由企业joint enterprise合资企业。9.Oxford，Stanford and Yale Universities have recently become partners ina joint distance learning venture，the Alliance for Lifelong Learning，which will provide online courses in the arts and sciences：venture作名词，意为“冒险(事业)，(商业)投机”。at a venture随便地，碰运气地；胡乱地。例：He chose a book at a venture from the shelves.他从书架上随便挑了一本书。venture作动词时，冒的危险。例：Nothing venture，nothing have.谚不入虎穴，焉得虎子。敢于。常用venture to do结构，意为“敢于做”。例：Does he venture to object?他敢反对吗？arts andsciences文科和理科。如：Bachelor of Arts文学学士。Bachelor of Science理工学士。10.In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and supportfor its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments inthe intellectual environment and society at large：句子主干是the universitywill provide the facilities and support for.。to pursue.为动词不定式结构作目的状语；by responding.作方式状语。in support of支持。例：Shedecided to write a book in support of womens liberation.她决心写一本书来支持妇女解放。respond to 答复。例：Please respond to the questions.请回答这些问题。对.有反应。例：The disease failed to respond todrugs.这种疾病经药物治疗后未见好转。at large 全部的，整个的。例：The country at large is hoping for economic reforms.全国人民普遍希望进行经济改革。详尽地。例：Please explain the passage at large.请详细地讲解这篇短文。11.to equip its graduates to play their part at a national and internationallevel：equip 配备。使做好准备，训练；使具备。例：He isequipped with much experience in teaching.他具有丰富的教学经验。穿着。例：She equipped herself in all her finery.她穿上她最好的衣服。equip for为装备；为做准备。equip sb.with用装备起来。例：Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。play ones part尽自己职责；尽自己本分；发挥作用。例：The armed forces，organized religion，universitiesand research institutes-all play their part.武装力量，宗教组织，大学和研究机构都发挥着自己的作用。Passage B1.I trust that as you prepared for this day，you must have taken some time tocontemplate what you are searching for in your undergraduate education：句中as为连词，表示时间关系的“在时”。as作连词的用法：引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生，或某事一发生，另一事立刻发生。引导原因状语从句，与because用法相近。例：Enjoy the first hour of the day.This is important as it sets the mood forthe rest of the day.好好享受每天的第一个小时。这之所以重要是因为它会决定你一整天的心情。引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；好像；按照”，主要句式有：as if，just as等。例：As you can see，were stillworking.如你所见，我们仍在工作。引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”此时从句常用倒装。例：Child as she is，she knows a lot.虽然她是小孩，但是他知道很多。