大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】.pdf

目录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Passage Agorgeous 5C:dVEs adj.华丽的，漂亮的；令人愉快的；极好的【例句】We had a gorgeous time.我们玩得快活极了。【助记】gorge(峡谷)+ous峡谷很美丽极好的，华丽的。filter 5filtE n.滤波器，过滤器，滤器vt.过滤，用过滤法除去vi.滤过，渗透；(消息)走漏【例句】You need to filter the drinking water.你需要把饮用水过滤。【词组】filter out 过滤掉；不予注意；泄露【助记】发音记忆：“非要它”香烟的过滤嘴是非要它不可的。【派生】filtration n.过滤；筛选illuminate i5lju:mineit v.照亮，用灯装饰街道；启发，启迪；说明，阐释【例句】The river was illuminated by the setting sun.这条河被落日照亮。【助记】il(加强语气)+lumin(给予光明)+ate(词后缀)阐明，照亮skylight 5skaIlaIt n.天窗【例句】He waited until he heard shots.Then he peered through theskylight，into the darkened tavern.他等到枪声响起，才透过天窗朝阴暗的酒馆内看去。ethnicity eW5nisiti n.种族划分【例句】He said his ethnicity had not been important to him.他说他的种族渊源对他向来都不重要。mandatory 5mAndEtEri adj.命令的；强制的；托管的【例句】Not all these interfaces are mandatory.并非所有这些接口都是强制的。expository iks5pCzi7tEri adj.说明的；解释的【例句】Write an expository essay explaining how to republishing fast.写一篇有关如何快速阅读的说明文。highlight 5hailait v.使显著，使突出，强调n.高潮部分，最精彩的部分，(绘画、摄影等)亮部【例句The episode of the film aimed at highlighting the lead character.影片的这个情节旨在突出主角的个性。【助记】high+light高处过来的灯，如舞台上的往下打的顶灯，打在关键人物身上remarkable ri5mB:kEbl adj.值得注意的；显著的，异常的，非凡的【例句】Your work has been remarkable this week.这星期你的工作很出色。The book is filled with remarkable insights.这本书很有真知灼见。【助记】re再，mark记号，able再做记号值得注意的。impeccably im5pekEbli adv.无可挑剔地；完美地；毋庸置疑地；无瑕疵地【例句】In your mind，the idea arrived in formal attire，impeccablygroomed，and ready for an evening of wine and dance.你记得最初的想法来到时，穿着礼服，打扮得无可挑剔，准备去参加有酒有舞的晚会。chandelier 7FAndi5liE n.树枝形的装饰灯【例句】A crystal chandelier lit the room.一盏水晶吊灯照亮了房间。vibrant 5vaibrEnt adj.振动【例句】Tom felt himself being drawn toward her vibrant personality.汤姆感到自己正被她充满活力的个性所吸引。encounter in5kauntE v.&n.遭遇，遇到，相遇【例句】The more dangers we encounter，the harder should we pushforward.越是艰险越向前。【词组】have an encounter与邂逅encounter with 遭遇，遇到【助记】en(使役前缀)+counter(相反)使进入相反即冲突状态遭遇profound prE5faund adj深刻的，意义深远的；渊博的；深奥的【例句】We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday.昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。【助记】pro(向前)+found(找)话语中可以找到更多内容深奥的。【派生】profoundly adv.深刻地；深深地；极度地Passage Bcherish 5tFeriF vt.抱有，怀有(希望等)；爱护，珍爱；抚育【例句】Never cherish a serpent in your bosom.永远不要施恩于忘恩负义之人。【助记】来自cherry(樱桃；美好的事物)。sophomore 5sRfEmC:n.(大学或中专)二年级学生；(美)有二年经验的人adj.二年级的；二年级学生的【例句】His daughter is by now a college sophomore.他的女儿现在是大学二年级学生。【助记】大二的你眯着双眼，假装成熟以为自己更聪明，大二学生sophomore(soph聪明)。lousy 5lauzi adj.污秽的；恶心的；生虱的；糟糕的【例句】He blamed Fiona for a lousy weekend.他指责菲奥娜让他过了一个糟糕的周末。soul-searching 5sEul7sE:tFiN n.真挚的自我反省；深思【例句】My year was really spent doing a lot of soul-searching and trying tofind out what had gone wrong in my life.我把这一年都花在了深刻的反省上，试图找出我生活受挫的原因。reminisce 7remi5nis v.回忆【例句】I dont like reminiscing because it makes me feel old.我不喜欢回忆旧事，因为这让我觉得我老了。recapture 5ri:5kAptFE n.取回，夺回；政府对公司超额收益或利润的征收vt.拿回；夺回；再体验，政府征收再经历；再体验【例句】They said the bodies were found when rebels recaptured the area.他们说这些尸体是在反叛者们重新占领这个地区时被发现的。queasy kwi:zI adj.不稳定的；感到恶心的【例句】He was very prone to seasickness and already felt queasy.他极易晕船，已经感到恶心了。contemplate 5kCntempleit v.思量，凝视；预期，企图；对周密考虑【例句】For the whole day he did nothing but contemplated.他整天什么也没干，一个劲儿地在冥思苦想。【助记】con(共同)+templ(联想temple)+ate(eat的过去式)共同进庙里吃住来冥思苦想【派生】contemplation n.沉思；注视；意图torture 5tC:tFE n.&v.拷问，拷打，折磨；磨难，痛苦【例句】It was sheer torture to hear him play the violin so badly.听他拉小提琴，简直是受罪。【词组】put sb.to torture拷问某人be in torture处境痛苦【助记】tort扭，ure扭打折磨。【派生】torturous adj.折磨人的，痛苦的reluctant ri5lQktEnt adj.不情愿的，勉强的【例句】Whether you like it or not you are a reluctant participant.不管你喜欢与否，你都是一个不情愿的参与者。【助记】发音记忆：“驴拉坦克”真够勉强的。【派生】reluctantly adv.不情愿地；嫌恶地Culture Salonintegral 5intirEl adj.完整的，组成的，整体的；基本的，构成整体所必需的n.整体；积分【例句】Steel is an integral part of a modern skyscraper.钢铁是现代摩天大厦必需的部分。【助记】integr(整体的，完全的)+al(形容词后缀)【派生】integrate adj.整合的；完全的orientation 7C(:)rien5teiFEn n.方向(位)；适应；定位；倾向性【例句】The winding trail caused the hikers to lose their orientation.弯弯曲曲的小径使徒步旅行者迷失了方向。【助记】o(形似：太阳)+ri(联想rise)+ent(联想 enter)+ation(名词后缀)太阳从东方升起。coordinate kEu5C:dinit n.同等者，同等物adj.同等的，并列的vt.调整，协调；使同等【例句】Tie it with fabric bows that coordinate with other furnishings.扎上和其他的饰品相配的布制蝴蝶结。【词组】coordinate with 使协调；配合【助记】co一起+order命令，秩序一起听从命令就是协调【派生】coordinated adj.协调的coordination n.协调，调和；对等，同等immigration 7imi5reiFEn n.外来的移民；移居入境【例句】The government has decided to tighten its immigration policy.政府已决定收紧其移民政策。shuttle 5FQtl n.往返汽车(列车、飞机)，航天飞机；梭子v.穿梭往返【例句】The days are swifter than a wearers shuttle.日子过得比飞梭还快。【助记】shut(关)+tle封闭的空间航天飞机designate 5dezineit vt.指定；指派；标出；把定名为adj.指定的；选定的【例句】He was designated by the President as the next Secretary of State.他被总统任命为新国务卿。【词组】designate sb.(as)sth.选定；指派；委任(某人任某职)【助记】design(设计)+ate动词后缀)【派生】designation n.指定；名称；指示；选派二、课文精解Listen and Talk1.College days will be the golden time in your life：句中golden意为“黄金的，宝贵的”。golden time黄金时代，青春，幸运的时光。例：Asyouth，we are in the prime of our life.We should make good use of ourgolden time.作为青年，我们正在生命兴旺时期，应该好好利用我们的黄金时代。2.Keep a good balance and lay a solid foundation：lay a foundation打下基础。例：It will lay a solid foundation for future triple play service delivery.它将为未来的三网合一过渡打下坚实基础。Dialogue Samples1.And weve been looking forward to seeing you：have been lookingforward to doing一直希望着做某事。本词组中to为介词，所以其后使用动名词。例：I have been looking forward to his visit for a twelvemonth.我期待他的来访已有一年了。2.Mike，let me show you the way：show sb.the way带某人去。例：Thisboy will show you the way.这个男孩会给你带路。3.Can I drop out if I dont like it：句中drop out相当于give up，意为“离开；退出”。例：Why did you drop out in the middle of the marathon?为什么你在马拉松赛跑途中退出？Passage A1.Harvard University：哈佛大学(Harvard University)是一所位于美国马萨诸塞州波士顿剑桥城的私立大学，常春藤盟校成员之一，1636年由马萨诸塞州殖民地立法机关立案成立。该机构在1639年3月13日以一名毕业于英格兰剑桥大学的牧师约翰哈佛之名，命名为哈佛学院，1780年哈佛学院更名为哈佛大学。哈佛大学是一所在世界上享有顶尖大学声誉、财富和影响力的学校，被誉为美国政府的思想库，其商学院案例教学也盛名远播。在世界各研究机构的排行榜中，经常名列全球大学第一位。2.Shopping Week：选课周是美国大学新生选择课程的一段特殊时期，选课周将在学年之初决定他们本学年所学的课程。3.The day a freshman moves into Harvard Yard is said to always be agorgeous one and this was certainly true of my first day at Harvard：句中afreshman moves into Harvard Yard为从句修饰the day。Harvard Yard哈佛园，是哈佛的心脏地带，是最富盛名的地方，也是低年级学生生活学习的地方。move into搬进；移入。sth.is said to据说。例：Chios is saidto have introduced slavery into Greece.据说是希俄斯把奴隶制引入希腊的.4.softly illuminating the historic brick buildings：historic指历史上有名的，具有历史意义的或者可成为史料的。例：This is a historic occasion.这是具有重大历史意义的时刻。注意：historical指历史上的或历史的，侧重在历史上出现过或与历史有关的。例：The historical article sketchedthe major events of the decade.这篇有关历史的文章概述了这十年中的重大事件。5.Were all completely different in terms of background，ethnicity，religion，and interests-we reflect the diversity that Harvard is so proudof：in terms of根据；用的话；就而言。例：It can not be measuredin terms of money.这是不能用金钱衡量的。diversity(人在种族、民族、宗教等方面的)多样性；差异；分歧。例：Our party believes inencouraging cultural diversity，not diversion.我们党鼓励多种文化，而不是文化分歧。有时会用a diversity of结构，意为“多样性；多种多样的”。例：The religious life in the United States shows a diversity of practice.美国的宗教生活有多种多样的方式。6.Thankfully，Harvard allows freshmen to sample classes during ShoppingWeek：句中sample作动词，意为“取的样品；品尝；抽样调查”。例：.the chance to sample a different way of life.体验不同生活方式的机会。作名词时意为“样品；样本；例子”。7.Our dining hall is more like a church or a museum than a cafeteria：与其说这个食堂是一个餐厅，不如说它想一个教堂。句中more than 结构，意为“与其说，不如说”。例：It looks more like jewelry thanclunky exercise equipment.它看起来更像首饰，而不是笨重的健身设备。注意：该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较，其中的比较级必须用加more的形式，不能用加词尾-er的形式。8.All of these first-week experiences will make great life-time memories butthe best assets Harvard has offered me thus far have been the other studentsIve met：该句可以英释为“The first week experiences will make a life-timeimpression on me，but the most valuable thing Harvard University hasoffered me so far has been the students I have met on campus.句中asset意为“有价值的东西”，例：Ability to get along with people is an asset inbusiness.在商业界善跟别人相处是可贵的优点。thus far迄今为止；到目前为止。相当于so far。例：Thus far the elder traveller had listened withdue gravity.到此为止，年长的旅行者一直在倾听着，表现出一种恰如其分的严肃神态。9.Im blown away：句中be blown away意为“令人非常惊讶”。blew sb.away有以下含义:使印象深刻。例：I was blown away by the tone andthe quality of the story.这个故事的基调和内容打动了我。枪杀。例：Hed like to get hold of a gun and blow them all away.他恨不得拿把枪，把他们全干掉。10.One week down，four more years to go-I cant wait：本句可英释为“One week had passed，and the author was looking forward to the comingfour years.”句中down意为“结束，完毕”。Write About It1.Then came in a young man：句子由then引起，谓语为come(follow)的句子，要求用倒装结构。在only，so，here，there，now，often，then，down，out，in，up，hence，thus，well，off，away，twice，gladly，many a time等常见副词及连接词开头的句子中时，要求用倒装结构。Passage B1.In less than two weeks，I will have graduated：再有不到两周我就要毕业了。主句中时态为将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与by the time或by the end of等短语引导的现在时的从句连用。例：We willhave learned 12 units by the end of this term.到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。2.I look back now and I cant believe how fast it all went：look back(onsth.)回忆，回顾过去。例：They like to look back on those unforgettableyears in the army.他们喜欢回忆在部队的那些难忘的岁月。3.Every day I wish I could freeze time and make the next two weeks go moreslowly：句中wish后接虚拟语气的从句，指难于实现或不可能实现的愿望。例：I wish I were taller.我要是个子高一些就好了。wish后还可接todo，表示“想要，希望做”。注意：wish与want都有“想要“之意，但用法不同。want表示感觉需要或希望拥有某物，可以说want to dosomething，want someone to do something或want something to happen。如果wish与带to的不定式连用，则与want意思相同，但语气要更正式。wish一般后接that从句，但从句中的that 经常省略，表示虽然明知不太可能或完全没有可能，依然希望某事是真的，例：I wish I lived nearLondon.我真希望自己住在伦敦附近。He wished he had phoned for a cab.他真希望自己已经打电话叫出租车了。注意上述例子中时态的用法：wish用现在时，则从句用过去时；wish用过去时，则从句用过去完成时。4.I want to turn back time instead and cherish every day of my collegeexperience once again：turn back有以下用法：(使)返回；(使)折回。例：T hey were very nearly forced to turn back.他们差点被迫返回。无法改变计划；无法收回成命。例：The administration has now endorsedthe bill and cant turn back.政府部门如今已经签署了那项法案，没有挽回的余地。cherish珍惜；怀有(某种情感)。例：I cherish for you the liveliestfeeling of affection and gratitude.我对你怀有最强烈的爱和感激之情。5.and through many triumphs and failures I came to know more aboutmyself：含有“胜利”之意的词有victory，conquest和triumph。它们的区别在于：victory是普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，侧重艰辛与成功。conquest指获取胜利或征服，把败者置于控制之下。triumph着重胜利或成功的辉煌与彻底。come to相当于to learn to，togrow to.例：I feel I have come to know this hero，this wanderer.我觉得我有必要认识下这个英雄，这个流浪者。6.Every time I get asked about what Im going to do after college I feel likescreaming at the top of my lungs：每当我问自己大学毕业后做什么，我都想要声嘶力竭地尖叫。scream at the top of lungs声嘶力竭地尖叫。文中用声嘶力竭地尖叫表达出作者对于即将毕业的恐慌和不愿。7.I dont know what the future holds：我不知道未来发生什么。句中futurehold意为“未来会”。相当于what the future will be。例：So what doesthe future hold when it comes to pricing strategies?那么定价策略的未来会怎样呢？Culture Salon1.U.S.college and university campuses abound with activities designed tofoster friendships：分词短语designed to foster friendships修饰名词activities。abound with充满。例：The larger artificial lakes abound withbirds and wildlife.大型人工湖有很多雀鸟和野生动植物。abound in富于，大量存在。例：Wildlife abounds in the forest.森林里多野生动植物。foster friendship培养友谊。foster与cultivate均有“培养”之意，区别在于：foster：指对孩子的关心、鼓励、供养及抚养其成长；也指鼓励、促进事物的增长与发展。cultivate：具体意义指耕耘、培育植物；抽象意义指培养兴趣或向往的理想事物。2.If I never left home，I would not need to consider these things：此使用虚拟语气句子结构为：If+分句主语+一般过去式/were+不定式/should+动词原形，主句主语+would(should)+动词原形。表示与现在的事实相反。例：If you failed this，what would you do?如果你失败了，你会怎么做?三、全文翻译Passage A我在哈佛的第一周新生进入哈佛校园的第一天，据说总是令人激动不已。这的确也是我来到哈佛第一天的真实写照。父母陪着我开车驶过主校门进入校园时，那柔和的阳光透过绿树间隙照射在古老的砖墙建筑上。沾满晨露的绿草在阳光下闪闪发光。我凝视着车窗外面的迷人景色，心中暗想“最幸运的新生不过如此了！”我们来到了卡纳迪公寓我的宿舍楼我和四个女孩同住在四室一厅的套房里。这个套房在顶楼，天花板很高，上面有天窗。从卡纳迪公寓到餐厅和上课的教室都只需要两分钟的路程。我很喜欢自己的室友。我们各自的背景、种族、宗教信仰和兴趣爱好都完全不同。这也反映出哈佛引以自豪的“多样性”。第一周，幸亏有这样四个可称为朋友的女孩相伴，帮助我顺利度过了到哈佛后的这段适应期。这一周有许多重要的决定需要我来做，而没有父母和好友的帮助，有时我会感到十分艰难。选课是第一步。在哈佛，新生唯一的必修课是说明文写作。这一年，我实际上可以选修我想学的任何课程，而且课程的门类出奇地多！我该如何选择呢？庆幸的是哈佛允许新生在“选课周”里到课堂试听。上课时间和平时一样，我们可以试听任何想选修的课程，多少不限。如果我最后决定选修某一门课程，我就要完成“选课周”里布置的所有功课。另外，如果我试听了一门选课表上看似很好的课程，却发现这门课并不适合我，或教授讲课枯燥乏味，我可以决定不选修这门课！同样艰难的是在众多的运动队、出版社团、乐队、戏剧社或俱乐部中做出选择。到底该参加哪一个呢？在哈佛，就餐肯定也是最能引得新生关注的事情之一。不过并不是指一日三餐吃的东西尽管饭菜很可口，而是指就餐的环境真的很好。我们的餐厅与其说是个自助食堂，不如说更像是一个教堂或博物馆。桌子、椅子、地板、墙壁还有高高的天花板都是用华丽的深色木料制作的，油漆得精光锃亮。而且，大厅里悬挂着枝形吊灯墙上镶嵌着明亮的彩色玻璃窗，厅里到处可见哈佛历史名人的雕塑和画像。哈佛第一周的所有这些经历将成为我毕生的珍贵记忆。然而，哈佛这一周给予我的最宝贵的财富，却是我遇到的其他同学。我在这儿遇到的每一个人都是那么朴实。每当我看到有人在嘉佩乐音乐会上演唱动人的歌曲，有人在才艺秀上表演精彩的小提琴独奏，有人在我去听的一堂课上阐述深刻的见解，我都惊讶不已！能够欣赏身边这么多有天赋的同学并能与他们相伴，这正是我在哈佛第一周体验到的最宝贵的经历。一周已经过去四年大学生活就在前头真是令人迫不及待！Passage B回眸大学四年的时光已经过去，这一刻终于来临了。还有不到两周，我就要毕业了。此刻回想起来，我仍不敢相信时间过得如此之快。我依然记得第一天去上课时的情景，我一边望着课表背面的地图，一边打听教学楼在哪儿。现在我已是大四的学生，常会以羡慕的眼光看着一年级的新生。每天我都希望时间会停滞，接下来的两周过得更慢一些。许多我认识的人都迫不及待地想要毕业，我却恰恰相反。我宁愿时光倒流，再度重温大学生活的每一天。对我来说，大学是一次伟大的学习经历。学习的过程多是在课外发生的。大二的生活也许是我生命中最非凡的一年。正是在这一年，我终于让妈妈相信我住校没有问题，她最终同意我住校了。正是在这一年，我结交了一些终生好友，历经多次的成功与失败使我对自己渐渐有了更多的了解。大二生活还有着种种新的尝试，到山地去野营，把信手涂鸦的诗投到报社，还在课堂上给老师画漫画。走在校园熟悉的路上，我在不知不觉中就陷入了深深的反思和对往昔的回忆。我发觉自己好想从头来过，再次体味大学生活的欢娱和激动。一想到毕业我心里就一阵阵恐慌。从记事起我就一直在读书。我觉得想学的东西还有很多，可是却不得不毕业了。世界如此之大，可能发生的事情太多太多。过去四年中，我一直被一张安全的网包围着。学生这个身份总能让人感到欣慰，使我可以逃避外面世界的现实。还有不到两周就要离校了，每每想到就要毕业，我就打心眼儿里感到不安。因为我从记事起就一直是名学生。我觉得自己是在回避毕业。每当别人问起我大学毕业后打算做什么时，我就想大声尖叫，我不知道以后想做些什么。我甚至不敢想象早上醒来没有课上会是什么样的情形。不久前，一次面试时，有人问我：“这是不是你想干一辈子的工作？”我觉得这个问题很可笑，还差点儿笑出声来，不过我还是说了实话我不知道将来会是什么样子，过去的四年中，我已多次改变了想法，一辈子就干一行的想法简直就是一种折磨。午夜漫步于校园，我意识到自己将会多么怀念大学生活。每一个小小的事物都显得分外美丽，每一个小小的事物都让我意识到大学生活是多么精彩，多么独特。当依依不舍地关上我的大学生活之门时，我将永远珍藏这些日子。四、练习答案Lead-in1)explore2)experience3)various4)develop5)scholars6)layCommunicative Tasks1.Work with your partner and take turns to start the conversations.Task 1A:I dont think weve met.My name is Tom Wilson.B:Hello.Im Jack Chen.Nice to meet you.A:Nice to meet you，too.Tell me，where are you from?B:Im from Beijing.How about you?A:Australia.Someday Id like to visit Beijing.B:Im a history major.And you?A:My major is biology.B:Well，Tom，Im very glad to have met you.I hope well meet again soon.So long.A:Bye.Task 2A:Whats your favorite subject?B:Modern Chinese Literature，I think.A:Why do you like it?B:From this course，I can learn a lot about Chinese people and their culture.Some of the Chinese customs seem very amazing，especially for guys likeme from another country.So，actually I am learning the Chinese languageand the culture at the same time.A:I like Chinese Geography most.Someday，I want to travel around thewhole country and explore its natural beauty.This course will help me a lotto get to know my country better.B:By the way，what are the subjects that you dont like?A:Economics，I would say.I hate Economics.It always involves a lot offigures.It is really boring.B:I dont like Economics，either.For me，it is not because of the figures.Many terms and ideas in it are really abstract.Theyre very difficult tounderstand.Passage AThink About It1.The answer may vary from people to people，but the most important thinga freshman can learn is to learn how to learn.2.The student thought that her first week at Harvard was very impressive，because the new college life would be a once-in-a-life journey for her，at aworld-renowned university in particular.Content AwarenessRead and think1.She thought it was very pleasant and lucky to be a freshman at Harvard.2.She got along with them very well and they had helped her a lot.3.She had to decide what classes to take.4.Eatin