英语图表作文写作方法和范文分析省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

怎样分析和描述图表怎样分析和描述图表(Writing a Composition Accordingto Tables and Graphs）第1页Table of Contents图表作文和普通作文区分图表作文和普通作文区分看懂图表要领（看懂图表要领（1）看懂图表要领（看懂图表要领（2）图一、图二分析图一、图二分析易犯错误易犯错误&处理方法处理方法惯用数字表示法惯用数字表示法Basic Writing Structure etc.More Exercises第2页图表作文和普通作文图表作文和普通作文普通作文：在指示中把作文要讨论问题或普通作文：在指示中把作文要讨论问题或者现象直接用文字告诉你。者现象直接用文字告诉你。图表作文：把问题或者现象用图表反应出图表作文：把问题或者现象用图表反应出来。要求：把图表看懂，并用文字叙述出来。要求：把图表看懂，并用文字叙述出来，才能对这个问题或现象展开讨论。来，才能对这个问题或现象展开讨论。第3页看懂图表要领（看懂图表要领（1）看懂图表，搞清它所反应问题或现象。看懂图表，搞清它所反应问题或现象。第一，熟悉图表各种类型，了解它们特点第一，熟悉图表各种类型，了解它们特点和作用。常见图表有四种：和作用。常见图表有四种：第4页Pie Chart（饼图（饼图)这种图表多数用来表示各种事物在总数百这种图表多数用来表示各种事物在总数百分之一百中所占各自百分比。分之一百中所占各自百分比。第5页Line Graph（线图）（线图）这种曲线图用来表示一个事物上升趋势或这种曲线图用来表示一个事物上升趋势或下降趋势。下降趋势。第6页Bar Graph（条形棒图（条形棒图)普通用来比较几个事物在同一时期上升或普通用来比较几个事物在同一时期上升或者下降情况。者下降情况。第7页Table（表格图）（表格图）这种图表用于表示各种事物间相互关系这种图表用于表示各种事物间相互关系。第8页看懂图表要领（看懂图表要领（2）要善于从众多数字中抓住主要问题。给出要善于从众多数字中抓住主要问题。给出图表和数字并不是要求简单描写，而是要图表和数字并不是要求简单描写，而是要求经过图表上数字抓住所反应社会问题进求经过图表上数字抓住所反应社会问题进行评论。所以行评论。所以从数字中看出主要问题或现从数字中看出主要问题或现象至关主要象至关主要。1）借助于题目和指示里要求来抓主要问题。）借助于题目和指示里要求来抓主要问题。2）看一下列图表中哪些数字前后改变最大。）看一下列图表中哪些数字前后改变最大。第9页图一图一(Job Problems for College Graduates)上图上图1、2、3分别表示分别表示:1：Graduates who continue to study2：Graduates who take jobs irrelevant to their majors3：Graduates who hold jobs in their majors第10页图一分析图一分析一、一、借助于题目借助于题目Job Problems for College Graduates,能够看出是关于大学毕业生找工作问能够看出是关于大学毕业生找工作问题。所以尽管表中有许多数字，但只要顺着相关题。所以尽管表中有许多数字，但只要顺着相关工作职业数字，就能发觉图表所要反应问题。工作职业数字，就能发觉图表所要反应问题。二、看图表哪些数字改变最大：图表中有三组六二、看图表哪些数字改变最大：图表中有三组六个数字，分别表示毕业生继续读书、找专业对口个数字，分别表示毕业生继续读书、找专业对口工作和找专业不对口工作。但以后两组数据在十工作和找专业不对口工作。但以后两组数据在十年里改变最大。所以它们就是文章要讨论主要问年里改变最大。所以它们就是文章要讨论主要问题。题。第11页语言表示语言表示抓住了所要评论问题，接着就是先把它用抓住了所要评论问题，接着就是先把它用语言表述出来。在描写中，对数字利用要语言表述出来。在描写中，对数字利用要有针对性，不要把图表中数字全描写出来。有针对性，不要把图表中数字全描写出来。第12页图一：第一段表示图一：第一段表示Each year thousands upon thousands of graduates flood the job market,waving their college diplomas and certificates,expecting better jobs in their majors,only to be frustrated and disappointed.According to the charts,only 58%percent of college graduates in 1992 could find jobs in their specialties,compared with 89%percent in 1981 when Chin had its first college graduates after the Cultural Revolution.Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job?第13页Tips开头段落在六个数字中仅仅列举了开头段落在六个数字中仅仅列举了1981和和1992年相关找专业对口工作毕业生人数两年相关找专业对口工作毕业生人数两个数字，因为这是文章要重点讨论，其余个数字，因为这是文章要重点讨论，其余四个数字就无须列出了。四个数字就无须列出了。第14页图二图二Enthusiasm for SportsEnthusiasm for Sports.You must write no less than 120 words and explain WHY many TV viewers like to watch sports.第15页图二：第一段表示图二：第一段表示Modern sports are becoming more spectator-oriented(观赏者为导向观赏者为导向)than participant-oriented(参加者为导向参加者为导向).Just think of millions and millions of people who spend countless hours before TV sets watching sports of all sorts:Olympic Games,World Series Games and the World Cup Soccer Game.According to a survey,among various televised events,sports have the greatest number of viewers.When an important football match is televised live,the streets of a big city are often left deserted.第16页Tips图二第一段范文中对图表上四个数据连提图二第一段范文中对图表上四个数据连提都不提，就是对看体育节目人数这个作文都不提，就是对看体育节目人数这个作文要讨论主题也只是用要讨论主题也只是用the great number of等等笼统地加以概况。我们要讨论是为何有许笼统地加以概况。我们要讨论是为何有许多人观看体育节目，而不是要介绍各类节多人观看体育节目，而不是要介绍各类节目标收视率，所以详细准确数字就没有必目标收视率，所以详细准确数字就没有必要写出来了。要写出来了。第17页易犯错误易犯错误&处理方法处理方法盲目地把图表中全部数据都描写出来，不盲目地把图表中全部数据都描写出来，不论是否和主题相关。论是否和主题相关。处理方法：能够在描写和引用数字前，先处理方法：能够在描写和引用数字前，先把这些数据要反应问题用一句话写出来。把这些数据要反应问题用一句话写出来。这么就把数据看成是一个用来说明问题详这么就把数据看成是一个用来说明问题详细数据材料细数据材料(statistical evidence)。选取。选取数据必须和叙述相关。数据必须和叙述相关。第18页例例1图一第一段第一句：图一第一段第一句：Each year thousands upon thousands of graduates flood the job market,waving their college diplomas and certificates,expecting better jobs in their majors,only to be frustrated and disappointed.第19页例例2Rising Divorce Rates in China第20页SampleIn recent years the divorce rate in China has increased drastically.According to a 1992 Census Bureau(人口调查局人口调查局)report on marriage and divorce in some big cities,during the past five years,the divorce rate has increased as much as it had in the entire previous twenty years.In 1967 there were only 0.5 divorced persons for every 1000 married people,and in 1987 the rate was 7 per thousand,but in 1992 the rate jumped to 15 divorced per 1000 married.第21页惯用数字表示法惯用数字表示法1.In 1990,it increasedrosejumped shot upfrom 5 to 10 percent of the total.to 15 percent.by 15 percent.第22页2.By comparison with 1990,it decreaseddroppedfellfrom 10 to 5 percent.to 15 percent.by 15 percent.第23页3.The that of last year.figurepercentagenumberpopulationhas nearlyhas almosthas more thandoubled,tripled,compared withas compared withas against第24页4.It has compared with.droppedincreaseddecreasedalmostmore thanabouttwo and a half times,twice,six times,第25页5.The as much as that of 1990.numberpercentageis twiceis 4 timesis half第26页6.It has reachedapproachedrisen tosomething of a plateau50 percentan average of 50 percentin the recent 5 years.in the past few years.since 1992.第27页7.It accounts for(在数量、百分比上在数量、百分比上 占占)15 percent of the total 第28页8.Therein March,was werehas been26 traffic accidents26 teenage suicidesa 26 percent increase/decline in birth ratesup from 20 percent for the same period last year.an increase of 3 percent in a three-month period.only 65.3 births per 1000 females of childbearing age.第29页That is the rate in history,continuing a(n)trend begun in the 1970s.second-highestsecond-lowestupwarddownward第30页9.By 1990,onlyless thanmore thanalmostaboutoveras many asthree-quarters40 percent ofone out of fiveone in fourcollege populationsgraduateshousewivespreferred to liked as againstas compared withlast year,1980,第31页10.The was of the 1990 total.numberrate 15 percent/15 per thousand,less thanmore thana halfa third/quarter第32页Basic Writing Process of the Composition 1)Have a correct understanding of the given information,and grasp the main idea;2)Make a careful analysis of the information;3)Use the right technique of writing;(The most common techniques used in this kind of writing are:comparison and contrast.)4)Make a comment on the main topic,then reach a conclusion 第33页Basic Writing Structure 1)Describe the information given in the chart or table;2)Analyze the phenomenon(its causes,consequences,etc.);3)Predict the future tendency or give your suggestions or solutions.第34页A Writing Pattern for ReferenceDescription:In recent years China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate.According to a 1996 census on _ in some big cities,_ has continued an upward trend since forty years ago.In 1956 there were only _,and in 1986 the rate was _,but in 1996 the rate jumped to _.According to the chart,during the last decade,_ in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years.第35页A Writing Pattern for ReferenceAnalysis:The upward trend in _ seems to be a mirror of some important changes in Chinese society.First,_.Second,_.Finally,_.第36页A Writing Pattern for ReferenceConclusion:Whatever changes lead to the rise in _,the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in _.第37页Exercise:Rising Divorce Rates in China(Topic One)Directions:描写图表所反应问题。描写图表所反应问题。你认为最近几年中国离婚率高原因是什么？你认为最近几年中国离婚率高原因是什么？第38页Sample One In recent years China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate.According to the chart,during the last decade,the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years.第39页 The upward trend in divorce seems to be a mirror of some important changes in Chinese society.First,legal changes have simplified divorce procedures,and removed barriers to divorce.More and more people,both young and old,are now benefiting from,even taking advantage of the new law which for the first time in history allows a couple to get divorced merely for loves sake.第40页 Second,there has been a significant change in social attitude towards the divorced persons.The act of divorce is no longer considered a social stigma(耻辱耻辱).Finally,the change in personal economic activities also facilitate(vt.促进，助长促进，助长)divorce.The unprecedented(前前所未有；空前所未有；空前)social mobility in the last 10 years both within the country and across the land has placed severe strains on married couples,not only in terms of geographic separation,but also psychological change.第41页 Whatever changes leading to the rise in divorce rates,the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in peoples traditional view of marriage and family life.第42页Changes in Peoples Diet(Topic Two)Year Food1996199719981999Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit&Vegetables24%22%20%20%21%第43页Changes in Peoples Diet1.1.依据上图描述在过去依据上图描述在过去5 5年里人们饮食年里人们饮食上改变；上改变；2.2.分析产生这些改变原因；分析产生这些改变原因；3.3.你结论你结论第44页Sample Two In the last 20 years,a marked change has taken place on the family dining table.According to the table,rice,the staple food of most Chinese,is now playing a less important role in their diet,while the consumption of high quality food such as meat,fish,milk and fruit has greatly increased.第45页 Two factors may contribute to the change.One important factor is that people now enjoy a higher standard of living than ever before.In the old days few people could afford meat and milk every day,which often meant a big chunk of the family income.But now people have enough money to taste a rich variety of food.Another factor is that people of today pay more attention to nutrition.They are not merely content to fill the stomach.They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.第46页 In short,with peoples standard of living getting higher and higher,changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.第47页Car Explosion in China(Topic Three)第48页Car Explosion in China依据上图描述在过去里私人拥有小汽车情况改变；分析产生这些改变原因；你结论第49页Sample Three As is vividly described in the table above,great changes in car ownership have taken place in China over past decade.The number of private cars has accordingly increased nearly 7 times from more than 2 million in 1996 to over 14 million in.Whats the reason？第50页 There are two main factors for these changes.To begin with,development in economy plays a vital role in these years.The higher incomes results in Chinese peoples owning private cars.Whats more,in modern society,time means money,many Chinese need a car to do business on time.第51页 In my view,however,the car explosion will constantly increase year by year,a large number of social problems such as traffic jams,among other things,are turning up nearly every city in China.第52页Homework Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How People Spend Their Holidays.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the table and the outline given below:第53页1、依据上表，简明描述1990年、1995年、某城市人们度假方式情况及其 改变；2、请说明发生这些改变原因；3、得出结论。第54页