北京科技大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列词语译为汉语（15分）1micro-blog【答案】微博2Intellectual Property Rights【答案】知识产权3extreme weather events【答案】极端天气事件4Non-governmental organization【答案】非政府组织5Millennium Development Goals【答案】千年发展目标6Kyoto Protocol【答案】京都议定书7knowledge-based economy【答案】知识经济8regulatory regime【答案】管理制度9energy structure【答案】能源结构10moon probe【答案】月球探测仪11climate change mitigation and adaptation【答案】减缓和适应气候变化12bull/bear market【答案】牛市/熊市13APEC【答案】亚太经合组织14WHO【答案】世界卫生组织15IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织二、将下列词语译为英语（15分）1小康社会【答案】a moderately prosperous society2灰色收入【答案】gray income3节能减排【答案】conserve energy and reduce emissions4猪流感【答案】Swine flu/swine influenza5经济全球化【答案】Economic globalization6有毒奶粉【答案】tainted milk7可再生能源【答案】renewable energy sources8保障性住房【答案】indemnificatory housing9黄金周【答案】golden week10贸易自由化【答案】trade liberalization11综合国力【答案】Comprehensive National Power12财政政策【答案】fiscal policy13经济刺激一揽子计划【答案】stimulus package14负增长【答案】negative growth15人口老龄化【答案】aging of population三、将下列段落译为汉语（60分）1In no other country is the public as aware of or as interested in what theWTO is and what it means for their future.In China,countless numbers ofbooks and articles have been published,and numerous television and radioprograms aired,on this subject.Just type in the words“China and the WTO”on any Internet search engine and you will find hundreds of websites devotedto this topic.In the WTO,China has shown a desire to play a significant rolein shaping the future direction of the organization and to ensure success in theDoha Round.And we need China to play this role,and support the efforts toput the Round back on track,by helping to build a bridge that will serve theambitions of both the developing and the developed world.【参考译文】任何一个国家的公众对WTO本身和WTO对他们将来影响的认识和兴趣，都没有中国的公众这么高。关于WTO的主题，中国有数不胜数的书籍、文章、电视和广播节目。只要在因特网的搜索引擎中键入“中国和WTO”，你会找到数百个网站，包含这样的信息。在WTO，中国非常愿意发挥重要的作用，规划WTO未来的发展方向，保证多哈回合的成功。我们需要中国发挥这样的作用，我们支持中国为使谈判重新纳入轨道而做出努力，我们希望中国能够发挥桥梁作用，帮助发展中国家和发达国家实现自己的梦想。2It is impossible for any country to prosper today under the burden of aninefficient and expensive service infrastructure.Producers and exporters ofany product will not be competitive without access to efficient banking,insurance,accountancy,telecoms and transport systems.Chinas financialservices sector,in particular,has a huge potential to expand and to providekey services to companies and consumers.Without the spur of competitionthey are unlikely to excel in this role and this will be the detriment of overalleconomic efficiency and growth.Chinas services sector also needs to obtainthe know-how and technology applied in services industries in moredeveloped countries.China has,so far,played an active role in the servicesnegotiations.It needs to maintain this constructive approach and helpconvince other developing country members to be more active in the servicesnegotiations.【参考译文】对于当今的任何一个国家而言，想要在基础服务服务设施效率低下又价格昂贵的情况下得到繁荣发展是不可能的。若是没有有效的银行体系、保险、财务、电信和运输系统的支撑，任何商品的制造商和出口商都是毫无竞争力可言的。尤其是中国的金融服务行业在扩大公司规模，增加消费者数量和提供核心服务方面有着巨大的潜力。没有竞争的推动，金融服务行业不可能做得更好，这将不利于整体经济效率提升及发展。中国的服务行业也需要掌握发达国家服务业中使用的专业知识技能和技术技巧。到目前为止，中国在服务业谈判调解中发挥着重要作用。中国需要保持这种有建设性的做法，并帮助说服其他发展中国家成员更加活跃地参与到服务业谈判中来。四、将下列短文译为英语（60分）我在查经班（Bible Class）里曾经闹过一个笑话，这个笑话对于我以后学英语应注意的地方，是十分有用的。那天我们上课时，天忽然乌云四合，不久便下了瓢泼大雨。我当时正在学副词，只记了个副词可以形容动词。于是我说：Its raining hardly。这时候埃德加小姐（Miss Edgar）便说：Its raining hard。可是第一次我还没有听明白，再说一句Itsraining hardly。埃德加小姐严肃地看了我一眼，又说一句Its raininghard。我猛然感觉到自己一定把hardly这个字用错了，但还不知道错在哪里。下课后埃德加温和地对我说，读书时要勤查字典，明白各个字的不同变化。这个故事给我的教训颇为深刻，导致我以后勤查字典的习惯。事情已经过去半个多世纪，但这个教训还深深埋在我的记忆里。【参考译文】A ridiculous error I made in the Bible class turned out to of great help to mein my later studies.One day,when I was in class,it suddenly clouded overand rained heavily.I was then learning English adverbs.Thinking that anadverb could modify a verb,I said,“Its raining hardly.”Miss Edgarresponded by saying,“Its raining hard.”But I failed to understand it andrepeated my own sentence,“Its raining hardly.”She gave me a stern glanceand said once more,“Its raining hard.”Then I suddenly realized that theremust be something wrong with the word“hardly”though I didnt know why.I kept quiet and felt very uneasy.After class,she told me very gently that inorder to know the different functions of a word,I should frequently loop up adictionary.To avoid embarrassing me,she had chosen not to directly pointout my error in the classroom.She wanted me to discover and correct theerror by myself.The small incident,however,gave me a deep lesson.It hasresulted in my habit of consulting a dictionary frequently.This lesson Ilearned more than half a century ago is today still deeply engraved in mymemory.2012年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）1OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织（Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development）2CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数（Consumer Price Index）3ASEAN【答案】东盟（Association of South East Asian Nations）4UN Security Council【答案】联合国安理会5Weapons of massive destruction【答案】大规模杀伤性武器6Nuclear proliferation【答案】核扩散7Euro debt crisis【答案】欧债危机8人民币汇率机制【答案】Renminbi exchange rate mechanism9共同但有区别的责任原则【答案】common but differentiated responsibilities principle10以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展【答案】the Scientific Outlook on Development,which upholds people-oriented,comprehensive,balanced,and sustainable development11世界博览会【答案】World Expo12宏观调控【答案】macro-control13实体经济【答案】the real economy14京都议定书【答案】Kyoto Protocol15经济适用房【答案】affordable housing二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Americans entrepreneurial self-esteem is now embodied by Apple,Google,Facebook and Amazon.These are indeed fabulously innovative companieswith world-class business models.Yet one wonders if they are increasinglythe exception,not the rule,and if the passing of Mr.Jobs is simply the mostprominent example of a broader decline in American entrepreneurship.According to JPMorgan,employment at start-up companies regularly grew1.2m per quarter in the late 1990s.That has fallen to 700,000 since thecurrent recovery began.Entrepreneurship and innovation,of course,are not the same thing.Yet evenif American innovation is fundamentally sound,there remains the moreunsettling problem of how narrowly its fruits are shared.If you want to knowwhy the Senate is on the verge of passing a bill punishing China for its tradepractices,look no further than this fact:Apple,Google,Facebook andAmazon collectively employ just 113,000 people,a third of GMs payroll in1980.Naturally,as Adam Smith pointed out long ago,the sole purpose ofproduction is consumption,so one should not scoff at the benefits thesecompanies create for Americans in their other role as consumers rather thanworkers.And in truth,technological advancement has probably done farmore than trade to hollow out the middle class and widen inequality.Slapping China with punitive tariffs is more likely to trigger a trade war thanrestore millions of middle-class jobs.【参考译文】现在，美国人的那种企业家的妄自尊大就体现在苹果、谷歌、脸谱网和亚马逊上。这些传奇一样的公司经营模式都是世界上独一无二的。也许有人会想这些公司的发展会不会越来越超出常规，乔布斯的去世是不是代表着美国工商企业家能力的下降。摩根大通的研究结果显示，90年代后期新兴企业里的雇佣人数每个季度增长 120万，但自打经济开始复苏后就下降到了70万。当然，领导力量和创新是不能相提并论的。就算美国的创新能力再强，他们也面临着悬而未决的问题，就是只有少部分人能享受到创新带来的好处。如果你想知道为什么美国因为贸易问题急着通过法案惩罚中国，看看下面这个事实就知道了：苹果、谷歌、脸谱网和亚马逊加起来雇用的美国人才有区区11.3万人，只有 1980年通用公司的三分之一。当然，亚当史密斯很久之前也指出过，生产的唯一目的就是消费，所以这些公司是通过让美国人做消费者而不是劳动者来给他们带来好处的，我们也没理由加以嘲笑。但事实上，相比贸易，技术进步可能对中产阶级的影响更大，也加剧了不平等。对中国实施惩罚性关税极有可能引发贸易战，而不会恢复上百万的中产阶级就业岗位。三、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Born in Hawaii,raised for some of his childhood in Indonesia,BarackObama has since his election wanted to be known as Americas first PacificPresident.Until recently,he has not done much to earn the title.That,Mr.Obama declares,is now changing.Allies in Asia have complained about onlyintermittent American attention to their region.But in a speech to Australiasparliament on November 17th,Mr.Obama announced that America is back.Let there be no doubt:in the Asia-Pacific in the 21st century,the UnitedStates of America is all in.It was,he said,a deliberate and strategic decision:America was here to stay.Senior administration officials back up thepresident.They talk of a new pivot in foreign policy towards Asia.They saythat much of Mr.Obamas first term has been spent dealing with inheritedissues,many of them linked to George Bushs war on terror.But America isnow out of Iraq,and there is a deadline to free itself from Afghanistan.SoAsia is coming more into focus.Of course,old problems,such as Iran,canrapidly force themselves back to the top of the presidents agenda,and oldEuropean allies still command the most trust.But insiders hope that thePacific will be the new strategic focus.【参考译文】布拉克奥巴马生于夏威夷，童年时在印尼生活过一段时间。他自从当选以来一直想把自己打造成美国第一位“太平洋总统”。但他却未曾为赢得这个称号作过太大努力。直到最近，奥巴马宣称这种情况正发生改变。美国在亚洲的盟友们抱怨它只是偶尔将注意力投向亚洲地区。但是奥巴马11月17日在澳大利亚议会发表的演讲中宣称美国回来了。“不要再有疑虑。在二十一世纪，美国将全心投入亚太地区。”他说这是一个“审慎而又至关重要的决定”：美国“绝不会离开”。美国政府高级官员们都支持总统。他们谈到美国对亚洲政策的一个新支点。他们说奥巴马在第一个任期中花了大量时间处理“遗留”问题，其中许多都与布什的反恐战争相关。但是现在美国（几乎）撤出了伊拉克，而且他也必将从阿富汗抽身。因此，亚洲问题变得更加突出。当然，诸如伊朗这类老问题很快就能再次引起总统的关注。与此同时，欧洲那些旧日盟友仍是最值得信赖的。但是内部人士希望太平洋地区成为新的战略重点。四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）可持续发展是世界各国的共同愿望。资源短缺、环境污染、气候变化和生活贫困是全人类共同面临的问题，应对这些问题是我们共同的责任，需要加强合作，共同探索新的应对思路和机制。近年来，世界能源需求持续增长，能源价格显著上涨，能源安全和可持续利用成为各国高度关注的问题。大力开发利用可再生能源是加强能源安全、推动经济发展和应对气候变化的根本措施之一。中国代表团愿意与参会各方进行深入广泛的讨论，促进可再生能源的健康发展。【参考译文】Sustainable development is the common aspiration of all countries in theworld.All human beings face the common problem,such as the shortage ofresources,environmental pollution,climate change and poverty.To deal withthese problems is our common responsibility,we need to strengthencooperation and jointly explore new mechanism and countermeasures.Inrecent years,the worlds energy demand has continued to grow and energyprices rise obviously,so energy security and sustainable use have becomenational concerns.The utilization of renewable energy is one of thefundamental measures to strengthen energy security,promote economicdevelopment and respond to climate change.The Chinese delegation wouldlike to have deep and extensive discussions with the all attending parties topromote the healthy development of renewable energy.五、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）中国的发展是开放的发展，中国的开放是长期的、全面的、互利的，一切有利于对外开放的政策，我们都会坚持下去。中国始终致力于为外商投资企业创造开放、公平的良好环境。中国高度重视知识产权保护，已经将保护知识产权提高为国家战略，中国也愿意与世界各国进行知识产权的交流与对话。在这里，我要重申，所有依照中国法律在中国注册的企业都是中国企业，它们制造的产品都是中国制造，他们研发的创新产品也都是中国创造。在中国境内注册的外资企业都享受国民待遇。同时，中国的政府采购，对外商投资企业和中资企业在中国生产的产品一视同仁、平等对待。【参考译文】Chinas development is open development.Chinas opening-up is long-term,comprehensive and mutually beneficial.We will uphold all policiesconductive to opening-up.China is committed to creating an open and fairenvironment for foreign invested enterprises.China gives high priority tointellectual property protection and has already made this a national strategy.We are ready to conduct exchanges and dialogue with other countries in thisfield.I wish to reiterate here that all enterprises registered in China according toChinese laws are Chinese enterprises.Their products are made-in-Chinaproducts.And the innovative products based on their research anddevelopment are created-in-China products.All foreign invested enterprisesregistered in China enjoy national treatment.In government procurement,China gives equal treatment to all products produced in China by foreigninvested enterprises and Chinese invested enterprises alike.2013年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）1Producer price index（PPI）【答案】生产者物价指数2Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）【答案】政府间气候变化专门委员会3Cap and trade【答案】总量控制和交易4Middle income trap【答案】中等收入陷阱5Electoral College【答案】总统选举团6Glass ceiling【答案】天花板效应（指女性在职场遇到的发展瓶颈，到了一定职位就很难再上升了。）7Engle coefficient【答案】恩格尔系数8停火协议【答案】Cease-fire agreement9摇摆州【答案】swing states10单位国内生产总值能源消耗【答案】energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product11扩大内需【答案】boost the domestic economy12高速铁路【答案】High speed rail13转变经济发展方式【答案】shift the economic growth model14资源节约型、环境友好型社会【答案】resource-conserving,environmentally friendly society15循环经济【答案】Circular Economy二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）As Chinas economy has boomed over the past 30 years,the number ofyoung people going into private business has grown accordingly.“Divinginto the sea”of commerce,or xia hai as it is known,became accepted as theway to make money and get ahead,and interest in government jobs declined.Over the past decade,though,in an extraordinary reversal,young jobseekershave been applying in droves for government posts,even as the economy hasquadrupled in size.On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place,and about 1.4m people will sit them,20 times more than a decade ago.Ofthat number,only 20,800 will be hired by government（millions more sit theequivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired）.Thisincrease is due in part to a surge in the number of university students enteringan intensely competitive market for jobsnearly 7m graduated this year,compared with 1.5m a decade ago.It is also thanks to health,pension and（sometimes）housing benefits,which are seen as generous and permanentin a society with an underfunded safety neta modern version of theunbreakable Maoist“iron rice-bowl”of state employment.【参考译文】过去三十年来，随着中国经济的繁荣发展，越来越多的年轻人在求职时走向了私营企业。为了赚钱、出人头地，人们渐渐接受了“下海”这种方式，而对政府职位越发失去了兴趣。在过去的十年里，中国经济规模翻了两番。然而就在此时，年轻的求职者来了个180度的大转弯，争先恐后地应聘起了政府职位。11月25日，中国将举行国家公务员考试。届时将有约140万人应考，比十年前多了二十倍。在这么多考生中仅有20800人将被政府录用（此外还有几百万考生将参加类似的省级公务员考试，录取率也很低大概和国家级考试相当）。应考人数相比往年有所增加，部分是由于进入竞争激烈的市场求职的大学生猛增今年有近700万名大学生毕业，而十年前的毕业生仅为150万人。在医疗、养老和（部分情况下）住房方面，公务员还享有种种福利，这也是应考人数增加的原因。在毛泽东时代，政府公职是摔不坏的“铁饭碗”。而当今中国社保资金不足，在人们眼中，公务员享受的这些丰厚稳定的福利无疑也是一只“铁饭碗”。三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）China has long fretted that it lacks a great modern literary voice withinternational appeal.In 1917 Chen Duxiu,an influential intellectual and laterfounding member of the Communist Party,asked:“Pray,where is ourChinese Hugo,Zola,Goethe,Hauptmann,Dickens or Wilde?”In recent yearsthis has developed into a full-blown“Nobel complex”.For a period in the1980s the quest for a Nobel Prize in literature was made official policy by theparty,eager for validation of its growing power and cultural clout.Now,at last,the Chinese have something to crow about.On October 11th MoYan,a Chinese writer,won the 2012 prize.The Nobel committee laudedwhat it called the“hallucinatory realism”of his works,which mix surrealplots with folk tales and modern history.Mr Mo writes within a system of state censorship.He is widely read andrespected within China.He is also a Communist Party member and vice-chairman of the state-run China Writers Association.When the Nobel awardwas announced,Chinese television channels interrupted their programming toannounce the news.Thousands of Chinas microbloggers congratulated MrMo.A publisher under the Ministry of Education says it was already planningto include a Mo Yan novella in a school textbook.【参考译文】长期以来，中国都在为缺少具有国际吸引力的现代文学大豪而感到苦恼。1917年，颇具影响力的知识分子、后来成为中国共产党创建者之一的陈独秀问道:“吾国文学界豪杰之士，有自负为中国之虞哥、左喇、桂特郝、卜特曼、狄铿士、王尔德者乎?”近年来，这形成了一种彻头彻尾的“诺贝尔情结”。在二十世纪八十年代的某个时期，中国共产党渴望自己日益增长的实力和文学影响力得到认可，曾经把对诺贝尔文学奖的追求定为官方政策。如今中国人在这方面终于有一些谈资了。2012年10月11日，中国作家莫言赢得了本年度的诺贝尔文学奖。诺贝尔奖委员会称莫言的作品带有一种把民间故事、现代历史和超现实主义情节糅合起来的“魔幻现实主义”，对此表示了赞赏。莫言在国家审查制度的范围内写作，但他并不像那些流亡海外的持不同政见作家。那些作家在国外得到了认可，但在国内籍籍无名;而莫言在中国拥有庞大