北京第二外国语学院261英语（二外）历年考研真题及详解(1).pdf

目录2002年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2003年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2004年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2005年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2006年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2007年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2008年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2009年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解2010年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2011年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2012年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2013年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2014年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2015年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2016年北京第二外国语学院261英语考研真题及详解2017年北京第二外国语学院261英语（二外）考研真题及详解2002年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解.Cloze(10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blankthere are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the Oneanswer that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Americans like to do business without leaving their cars.Youll(1)_ drive-in banks,drive-in restaurants,drive-in churches and drive-inmovies.When(2)_ in the U.S.,its a good idea to have an internationaldrivers(3)_ if you dont have a state license.Each of the fifty states(4)_ its own traffic laws.For example,in some states drivers can pumptheir own gas as self-service islands(5)_ in others this is not allowed.Drivers(6)_ and understand the laws(7)_ they dont live in thestate.Get information when you cross the(8)_ into a state at a touristinformation center.There is a national speed limit of 55 miles per hour,(9)_ about 80kilometers per hour.Americans usually start and stop slowly and aregenerally polite about letting cars enter busy streets.They usually stop forpeople who are walking to let them(10)_ the street.In many states youmay turn right after stopping at a corner,even if there is a(11)_ light.On some roads there may be minimum speed.If you rent a car,ask the company(12)_ in case your car(13)_.Some companies will ask you to call a special number.(14)_will want you to have the car(15)_.They will deduct the cost of therepair from your bill.“Mileage”can mean two things.It may mean the total number of miles acar(16)_.We say,“This car has 10,000 miles on it;it has low mileage.”(17)_,“gas mileage”is the number of miles a car can travel on one U.S.gallon of gas.For example,a big car that(18)_ 25 miles to the gallongets very good mileage.A small economy car should get(19)_ 35 milesto the gallon when its new.If you want to rent a vehicle you can(20)_,you should ask aboutRVs recreational vehicles.You dont need a car to pull an RVyou candrive it!Yet its as big as a house trailer.You can also rent a camping trailer.1.A.look intoB.catch a glimpseC.take a glanceD.see2.A.drivingB.to driveC.being drivenD.to be driven3.A.ID cardB.leaseC.passportD.license4.A.haveB.shareC.hasD.shared5.A.whenB.ifC.asD.while6.A.are expected to knowB.are expected knowingC.expected to knowD.expected knowing7.A.untilB.even ifC.in caseD.when8.A.territoryB.borderC.suburbsD.line9.A.andB.or soC.or elseD.or10.A.to acrossB.acrossC.to crossD.cross11.A.yellowB.greenC.redD.brown12.A.to do whatB.what to doC.what doD.what should do13.A.breaks outB.breaks downC.breaks offD.breaks up14.A.OthersB.The otherC.AnotherD.The others15.A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.to be repaired16.A.has been drivingB.has drivenC.is drivenD.has been driven17.A.On another handB.On one handC.On the other handD.On the other hands18.A.gotB.getsC.gettingD.has got19.A.at leastB.at lessC.at lastD.at lest20.A.sleep atB.sleep overC.sleep onD.sleep in【答案与解析】1.D 上文提到“美国人喜欢不离开他们的车完成一切业务”，空格所在处则举例说明。see看到；普通用词。look into调查；观察。catch aglimpse瞥见。take a glance看一眼。句意：你会看到免下车的银行，免下车餐馆，免下车的教堂和免下车电影院。2.A 本文主要讲的是关于开车的问题，并根据后文提到的“如果没有州驾驶证，带上国际驾驶证也是不错的”可知是在美国开车，所以用现在分词表示主动语态。3.D 根据后文出现的state license可知此处应该指的是internationallicense（国际驾驶证），与后文形成对应。4.C 主语为each of+复数名词时，为单数概念，故谓语动词也应该是单数形式。这里表达的意思是“50个州各自有不同的法律”，是在描述客观事实，故用一般现在时。5.D 空格前文提到“在一些州司机可以自己给汽车加油”，下文则说“在有些州这是不被允许的”，由此可知句子间存在对比转折关系，所以应该选while，意为“然而；但是”。6.A be expected to do sth.被期望做某事；固定搭配。这里指的是“司机被期望要知道和理解这些法律”。7.B even if即使；引导让步状语从句。句意：司机应该知道和理解这些法律即使他们不住在这个州。8.B cross the border越过边境；固定搭配。句中指的是越过州界。9.D or或者；连接两个数字，表示选择。句意：全国的车速限制是每小时55英里或80英里。10.D let sb.do sth.让某人做某事；用动词原形。cross the street过马路；固定搭配。11.C even if即使；引导让步状语从句。句意是“在许多州即使是红灯，你也可以在路口右转”。12.B ask sb.what to do意为“询问某人怎么办”。疑问词+动词不定式表示一种省略，完整结构应该是ask the company what you should do。13.B break down（机器等）发生故障，失灵；抛锚。句意：如果你想租车，你应该问问租车公司该怎样做以防车子出故障。14.A some.others.意为“一些另一些”，没有具体的范围，单纯表示列举。15.B have sth.done表示“让事情发生；使某人做某事”。这里指的是“另一些公司会想让你找人把车修好”。16.D 里程可以指汽车已经行驶过的总英里数。car和动词drive之间存在动宾关系，所以应该用被动语态；用现在完成时表示到现在为止的总里程数，并且数字还会持续变化下去。17.C 上文提到“里程包括两种含义，一种是汽车已经行驶了多少英里”。空格后又列举了另外一种含义，所以应该选on the other hand，意为“另一方面”。18.B 通过分析句子结构可知空格处为定语从句的谓语动词。主句为一般现在时，且先行词为单数概念，故从句谓语动词也应该保持一致，答案选B。19.A 小型经济型汽车一加仑汽油所行驶的里程会更长，所以选atleast，意为“至少”。句意：一辆小型经济型轿车在新开的时候，至少每加仑汽油要跑35英里。20.D sleep in the car睡在车里；固定搭配。句意：如果你想租一辆能在里面睡觉的车，你应该询问一下房车的休闲车类。.Reading Comprehension(50%)Section A(40%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followedby some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there arcchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singe line throughthe center.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Bond had walked for only a few minutes when it suddenly occurred tohim that he was being followed.There was no evidence for it except a slighttingling of the scalp and an extra awareness of the people near him,but hehad faith in his sixth sense and he at once topped in from of the shop windowhe was passing and looked casually back along 46th Street.Nothing but a lotof miscellaneous people moving slowly on the sidewalks,mostly on the sameside as himself,the side that was sheltered from the sun.There was nosudden movement into a doorway,nobody casually wiping his face with ahandkerchief to avoid recognition,nobody bending down to tie a shoelace.Bond examined the Swiss watches in his shop window and then turnedand sauntered on.After a few yards he stopped again.Still nothing.He wenton and turned right into the Avenue of the Americas,stopping in the firstdoorway,the entrance to a womens underwear store where a man in a tansuit with his back to him was examining the black lace pants on a particularlyrealistic dummy.Bond turned and leant against a pillar and gazed lazily butwatchfully out into the street.And then something gripped his pistol arm and a voice snarled:“Allright,Limey.Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch,”and he feltsomething press into his back just above the kidneys.What was there familiar about that voice?The Law?The Gang?Bondglanced down to see what was holding his right arm.It was a steel hook.We,if the man had only one arm!Like lightning he swiveled,bending sidewaysand bringing his left fist round in a flailing blow,low down.There was a smack as his fist was caught in the other mans left hand,and at the same time as the contact telegraphed to Bonds mind that therecould have been no gun.there came the well-remembered laugh and the lazyvoice saying:“No good,James.The angels have got you.”Bond straightened himself slowly and for a moment he could only gazeinto the grinning hawk-life face of Felix Leiter with blank disbelief,his built-up tension slowly relaxing.“So you were doing a front tail,you bastard,”he finally said.1.“Sixth sense”means _.A)instinctB)common senseC)sense of humorD)memory2.Why did Bond stop in the doorway to the underwear shop?A)to look at the man in the fim suitB)to look at the underwearC)to get out of the heatD)to see who was following him3.What is a“dummy”?A)a model used for displaying clothes.B)a beautiful girlC)somebody who cant speakD)an advertisement.4.What is meant by“Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch”?A)You go first slowly and well have lunch together.B)Take the gun gently or it will go offC)Dont move or Ill shoot you.D)Put your hands up.5.What does“doing a front tail”mean?A)walking backwards.B)following somebody from in front.C)hiding behind people.D)pretending to be somebody else.【答案与解析】1.A 定位至文章首段第二句话。sixth sense意为“第六感；直觉”。instinct（直觉；本能）与其表达意思相同。句意表达的是“Bond是通过第六感觉察到自己被人跟踪了”。2.D 文章首段第二句提到“.he at once topped in from of the shopwindow he was passing and looked casually back along 46th Street”，由此可知Bond的第六感觉察到有人在跟踪他所以他停下来是为了看看到底是谁在跟踪他。3.A dummy意为“（商店橱窗中陈列服装等用的）人体模型，服装模型”，故选项A的解释符合要求。4.C 文章第三段最后一句提到“.he felt something press into his backjust above the kidneys.”，感觉到什么东西顶在他的腰部，他意识到可能遇上歹徒了。lead有“子弹”的意思；所以选项C“不要动不然我一枪崩了你”最符合句意要求。5.B 从前面部分我们知道，当他往后面看的时候，并没有发现可疑的情况。后面有人跟踪的话，我们一般会说“后面有尾巴”。而a front tail则是反过来的，所以a front tail应该是指“被人从前面跟踪了”，因为这是朋友搞的恶作剧。故答案选B。Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.In Utopia the chief,and almost the only,business of the magistrates is totake care that no man live idle,but that every one may follow his tradediligently;yet they do not wear themselves out with perpetual toil,frommorning to night,as if they were beasts of burden,which as it is indeed aheavy slavery,so it is everywhere the common course of life among allmechanics except the Utopians;but they,dividing the day and night into 24hours,appoint six of these for work,three of which are before dinner,andthree after.They then sup,and at eight oclock,counting from noon,go tobed and sleep eight hours.The rest of their time,besides that taken up inwork,eating,and sleeping,is left to every mans discretion;yet they are notto abuse that interval to luxury and idleness,but must employ it to someproper exercise according to the various inclinations,which is for the mostpart reading.It is ordinary to have public lectures every morning beforedaybreak;at which none are obliged to appear but those who are marked outfor literature;yet a great many,both men and women of all ranks,go to hearlectures of one sort or other,according to their inclinations.But if others,thatare not made for contemplation,choose rather to employ themselves at thattime in their trades,as many of them do.They are not hindered,but are rathercommended,as men that take care to serve their country.After supper,theyspend an hour in some diversion,in summer in their gardens and in winter inthe halls where they eat,where they entertain each other,either with music ordiscourse.They do not so much as know dice,or any such foolish andmischievous games.But the time appointed for labor is to be narrowlyexamined,otherwise you may imagine,that since there are only six hoursappointed for work,they may fall under a scarcity of necessary provisions.But it is so far from being true,that this time is not sufficient for supplyingthem with plenty of all things either necessary or convenient;that it is rathertoo much;and this you will easily apprehend if you consider how great a partof all other nations is quite idle.6.In Utopia,according to the author,the primary task of the magistratesis to _.A)recruit new members into the society.B)take care that everyone is diligently employed.C)assign duties to the labor force.D)exercise their authoritarian powers.7.It specified,in Utopia,that leisure time must not be spent _.A)in luxury and idleness.B)in attending lectures.C)at ones customary job.D)in amassing wealth.8.Those who during their leisure time,select instead to work at theirtrades are believed to be _.A)unintelligent.B)overly ambitious.C)outstanding artisans and craftsmen.D)performing a service to the state.9.That a citizen of Utopian may do whatever he wishes is,as implied bythe author _.A)impossibleB)true only within the framework of the societys rules.C)desirableD)contingent upon the amount of work he produces.10.It may be inferred,after reading the selection,that the Utopian state_.A)is not democratic.B)is the most perfect kind of social organization.C)is an evil concept of social organization.D)has some features any society might well imitate.【答案与解析】6.B 文章第一句提到“In Utopia the chief,and almost the only,business of the magistrates is to take care that no man live idle,but that everyone may follow his trade diligently.”，在乌托邦中，地方官最主要的也是最基本的的工作就是要保证没有人是无所事事的，每个人都在勤奋努力地工作。7.A 文章第三句提到“.yet they are not to abuse that interval to luxuryand idleness”，由此可知在乌托邦，空闲时间不能用来享受奢华、无所事事。8.D 文章第六句话提到“They are not hindered,but are rathercommended,as men that take care to serve their country.”，他们没有受到阻碍，而是受到赞扬，就像那些为国家服务的人一样。由此可知那些选择在休息时间工作的人是在为国家服务。9.B 文章第三句提到“.but must employ it to some proper exerciseaccording to the various inclinations”，由此可知在乌托邦人们可以自由选择自己想干的事但必须要遵守一定的规定，必须做一些合适的正确的事。10.D 文章最后一句提到“.that it is rather too much.”，由此可知乌托邦人可以创造充足的商品供给或需要的东西，而很多其他国家的人都无所事事，无法创造充足的财富。故其他国家有可能会学习一些乌托邦国的做法。Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form ofinactive seeds.There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae.In addition,difficult as it is to believe,there are desen fish which can survivethrough years of drought in the form of inactive eggs.These are the shrimpsthat live in the Mojave Desert,an intensely dry region in the south-west ofthe United States where shade temperature of over 50 are often recorded.The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance ofgrains of sand.When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake,once everytwo to five years,these eggs hatch.Then the water is soon filled withmillions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant andanimal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake.Within aweek the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimeter lo a length of about1.5 centimeters.Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing,the water inthe lake equally rapidly evaporates.Therefore,for the shrimps it is a raceagainst time.By the twelfth day,however,when they are about 3 centimeterlong,hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females.Usuallyby this time,all that remains of the lake is a large,muddy patch of wet soil.On the thirteenth day and the next,during the final hours of their brief lives,the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud.Then,having ensured that their specieswill survive,the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake,the eggs hatch,and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growthadulthood,egg-laying,and death.Some years there is insufficient rain toform a lake;in this case,the eggs will remain dormant for another year,oreven longer if necessary.Very,very occasionally,perhaps twice in a hundredyears,sufficient rain tails to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more.Inthis ease,the species passes through two cycles of growth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,on such occasions,the species multiplies considerably,whichfurther ensures its survival.11.Which of the following is the MOST distinctive feature of Mojaveshrimps?A)Their eggs can survive years of drought.B)They feed on plant and animal organism.C)Their lives are brief.D)They lay their eggs in the mud.12.By saying“for the shrimps it is a race against the time”authormeans _.A)they have to swim fast to avoid danger in the rapidly evaporatinglake.B)they have to swim fast to catch the animal organisms on which theysurvive.C)they ha