东北师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语或句子译成汉语（15分）1lifetime achievement【答案】终身成就2lyric poem【答案】抒情诗3compulsive reader【答案】乐于读书的人4hardback【答案】精装本5Centennial Nobel Peace Prize【答案】诺贝尔百年和平奖6apartheid【答案】南非种族隔离政策7archways of triumph【答案】凯旋门8UNICEF【答案】联合国儿童基金会(United Nations International Children sEmergency Fund)9World Food Program【答案】联合国世界粮食计划署10Dr.Henry Kissinger【答案】美国前国家安全顾问基辛格11to live up to its obligations【答案】履行义务12preliminary meeting【答案】筹备会议13panel discussion【答案】小组讨论14courtesy visit【答案】礼节性访问15Notre Dame in Paris【答案】巴黎圣母院二、将下列短语或句子译成英语（15分）1简明扼要【答案】be concise and to the point2博大精深【答案】broad and profound3儒家【答案】Confucianism4诸子百家【答案】Hundred Schools of Thought5天下兴亡，匹夫有责【答案】Every man has a duty to his country.6民为邦本【答案】The people are the foundation of the state.7民贵君轻【答案】The people are more important than the ruler.8温饱【答案】subsistence9小康【答案】moderate prosperity10阁下【答案】Your Excellency11作为贵国人民的友好使者【答案】as an envoy of friendship of your people12提议祝酒【答案】propose a toast13“走出去”战略【答案】going-out strategy14应运而生【答案】emerge as the times require15弘扬中国文化【答案】popularize Chinese culture三、将下列短文译成汉语（60分）PASSAGE AEating 30 Percent Less Meat Good for Health,PlanetCutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help toreduce carbon emissions and improve health in the most meat-loving nations,scientists said on Wednesday.Using prediction models,British and Australian researchers found thatimproving efficiency,increasing carbon capture and reducing fossil fueldependence in farming would not be enough to meet emissions targets.But combining these steps with a 30 percent reduction in livestock productionin major meat-producing nations and a similar cut in meat-eating,would leadto“substantial population health benefits”and cut emissions,they said.The study found that in Britain,a 30 percent lower intake of animal-sourcesaturated fat by adults would reduce the number of premature deaths fromheart disease by some 17 percent equivalent to 18,000 premature deathsaverted in one year.(141 words)【参考译文】科学家于本周三称，如果将最爱食肉国家的肉类生产和消费量减少30%，那么将有助于减少碳排放和改善人们健康。英国和澳大利亚的研究人员通过使用预测模型进行研究后发现，仅靠提高能源使用率、增加碳收集以及降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖还不足以实现减排目标。但研究人员称，如果在此基础上将肉类主要生产国的家畜产量和肉类消费分别降低30%，则可“极大增进人们的健康”，同时减少碳排放。研究发现，在英国，如果成年人摄入的动物饱和脂肪量减少30%，那么因心脏病而早逝的病例数可减少17%，相当于一年避免1.8万例早死病例。PASSAGE BUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(CISG)The States Parties to this Convention,Bearing in mind the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixthspecial session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on theestablishment of a New International Economic Order.Considering that thedevelopment of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefitis an important element in promoting friendly relations among States.Beingof the opinion that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts forthe international sale of goods and take into account the different social,economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriersin international trade and promote the development of international trade.【参考译文】联合国国际货物买卖合同公约本公约各缔约国：铭记联合国大会第六届特别会议通过的关于建立新的国际经济秩序的各项决议的广泛目标，考虑到在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素，认为采用照顾到不同的社会、经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规则，将有助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍，促进国际贸易的发展。四、将下列短文译成英语（60分）PASSAGE A吉林省位于中国东北地区的中部，亦是东北亚地区的腹地。全省幅员面积为19.1万平方公里，辖8个市和1个自治州，人口2716万。共拥有耕地554万公顷，林地805万公顷。吉林省西部拥有广袤无限的草原和农田。湿地、沼泽、水库等遍布其中，具有发展优质畜牧业、杂粮杂豆和开发水产业的良好生态条件，也是油料、糖料和细毛羊商品生产基地。(157字)【参考译文】Located in the central part of northeast China,Jilin Province is hinterland ofNortheast Asia as well.It has an area of 191,000 square kilometers,coveringeight municipalities and one autonomous prefecture with a population of27.16 million.It has 5.54 million ha of arable land and 8.05 million ha offorests.In the west of Jilin Province has vast boundless grassland andfarmland,in which are a lot of wetland,swamp and reservoirs.Therefore,ithas a fairly good ecological environment to develop high-quality animalhusbandry,plant grains with beans and start aquaculture.Its also theproduction base of oil,sugar and fine wool.PASSAGE B鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。(60字)(选自孟子告子上鱼我所欲也)【参考译文】Mencius said:“Fish is what I would like to eat;bears paw is also what Iwould like to eat too.If I cant have the two,I will give up the fish and takethe bears paw.Life is what I need and justice is also what I need,if I cantget the both,I will insist justice instead of my life.”2011年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1.IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织2.NASDAQ【答案】纳斯达克3star-related hotel【答案】星际酒店4World Natural Heritages site【答案】世界自然遗产地5capital flight【答案】资金外流6the UN charter【答案】联合国宪章7environmental-friendly agriculture【答案】生态农业8a land of milk and honey【答案】鱼米之乡9current account【答案】活期存款账户10special envoy【答案】特使11a suicide bomber【答案】自杀性炸弹袭击者12a plastic surgery hospital【答案】整形医院13nonverbal communication【答案】非言语交际14secondary and higher vocational education【答案】高等职业教育15Carrying Capacity of Environment【答案】环境负荷二、将下列短语译成英语1经典旅游线路【答案】recommendation of classic tour itineraries2公证人【答案】notary public3绿色观光【答案】Green Tourism4国民生产总值【答案】Gross National Product5汇率【答案】exchange rate6君主立宪制【答案】constitutional monarchy7花样游泳【答案】synchronized swimming8消费价格指数【答案】consumer price index9弹性工资【答案】flexible pay10民间外交【答案】people-to-people diplomacy11外交豁免权【答案】diplomatic immunity12反恐【答案】anti-terrorist13垃圾食品【答案】junk food14道家学说【答案】Taoism15电动汽车【答案】electric car三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually,arriveat the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts,hisses andcries and must have been a very simple affair in the beginning.However,when we observe the language behavior of what we regard as primitivecultures,we find it surprisingly complicated.It was believed that an Eskimomust have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words soas to get along reasonable well,much larger than the active vocabulary of anaverage businessman who speaks English.Moreover,these Eskimo words arefar more highly inflected than those of any of the well-known Europeanlanguages,for a single noun can be spoken or written in some hundreddifferent forms,each having a precise meaning different from that of anyother.The forms of the verbs are even more multiple.The Eskimo languageis,therefore,one of the most difficult in the world to learn,with the resultthat almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it.Consequently,there has grown up,in communication between Eskimos and whites,a jargonsimilar to the pidgin English used in Old China,with a vocabulary of from300 to 600 uninflected words.Most of them are derived from Eskimo butsome are derived from English,Danish,Spanish,Hawaiian and otherlanguages.It is this jargon that is usually referred to by travelers as theEskimo language.【参考译文】第一次考虑语言起源问题的人们往往会得出这样的结论，即语言是从人们的咕哝、喊叫逐渐发展起来的，并且开始肯定是很简单的。然而，当我们观察原始文化的语言行为时，却是惊人地复杂。据说爱斯基摩人必须掌握10000个单词以便很好地交流，远远要比一个说英语的商人所掌握的词汇量多得多。而且，这些爱斯基摩单词远比欧洲任何语种都要有影响力，因为爱斯基摩的一个简单的单词就可以被书写成几百种不同的形式，每种形式还都有一个不同于其他形式的明确意义。动词的形式就更多了。所以毫无疑问，世界上最难学的语言爱斯基摩语就几乎没有商人或是探索者想去尝试学习了。因此，在爱斯基摩人和白种人的交流中，类似于原来中国用的洋泾浜语的习语就应运而生了，其中大概有300到600个不受外界影响的单词。这些词汇大部分来源于爱斯基摩语，但是也有些来自英语、丹麦语、西班牙语、夏威夷语和其他语言。这种行话是供旅游者们作为爱斯基摩语使用的。PASSAGE 2What the title mentioned above would be a piece of cake for the eldergenerations,but now caused a strong public concern among the couples bornin the 1980s and 1990s.The husbands believe that the wives are born to dohousework,whereas the wives suggest that the sexual equality should notonly be emphasized in the workplaces,but also be reflected in the housemanagement,since all the new generation of the 1980s and 1990s grew upunder the love from their parents.Furthermore,the wives added,to be amodern gentleman,the husbands should shoulder their responsibilities bothin the society and at home.Of course,some couples would prefer to dohousework together,for they guess it may be a good way to reduce theconflict and increase their love to each other.Well,couples born in the 1980sand 1990s,who do you think should do housework?【参考译文】夫妻双方谁来承担家务活？这在老一辈中本是很好处理的事情，在80后夫妻中，却会因为争执不下引起轩然大波。男人们认为女人做家务天经地义，女人们认为大家都是独生子女，都是被父母宠着长大的，而且现在男女平等，都要忙自己的工作，所以做家务上也要男女平等，而且现代好男人就应该做家务。也有夫妻们认为，共同做家务可以减少矛盾、增进感情。那么80后夫妻们，你们现在是谁来做家务呢？四、将下列短文译成英语PASSAGE 1(30分)先生不知何许人也，亦不详其姓字，宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。闲静少言，不慕荣利。好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食。性嗜酒，家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此，或置酒而招之；造饮辄尽，期在必醉。既醉而退，曾不吝情去留。【参考译文】The Gentlemans place of birth is not known,nor is his name or surname.Heis called such by the fact that five willow trees grow beside his house.He is aquiet man,being of little speech.He pursues no glory,nor material gain.Heis fond of reading,but indulges not in hair-splitting.Each time he comes tounderstand something he is so happy that he forgets his meals.He likes wine;but being poor he cannot obtain it often.His relations and old acquaintancesknowing this occasionally invite him to drink;and each time he goes,he issure to finish all the wine,or become quite drunk;and having not got drunkhe would retire,caring little to stay or to depart.PASSAGE 2(30分)远程教育属于正规教育，它打破了传统的课堂教学模式。远程教育与传统教育相比有两大区别，即远程教育具有灵活性和开放性，不受时空和学习进度的限制。教师在一处授课，而学生在另一处学习，打破了时空限制。有些学生由于工作、家庭或是地理条件的限制等原因无法接受传统教育，而远程教育可以为他们提供受教育的机会。学生学习的地点可以是配有通信设备的校园、工作单位或者自己家里。授课可以实时或非实时进行。师生交互以及生生交互可以融入到教学过程中去。远程教育可以是学历教育，学生可获得学士学位或硕士学位，远程教育也可以是非学历教育，学生可取得职业资格证书、获得在职培训乃至终身学习的机会。【参考译文】Distance learning is a formal educational process that breaks the traditionalmode of classroom teaching.There are two key differences betweentraditional education and distance learning.Distance learning adds flexibilityand availability,regardless of time,place,or pace of learning.Here an instructor teaches,and somewhere else a student learns,regardless ofbarriers of time or place.Distance learning reaches out to non-traditionalstudents who must fit their studies around workplace,family responsibilities,and geographical barriers,etc.Students can be at satellite campus,at theworkplace,or at home.Instruction may take place in real time or on a time-delay basis.Interactivity between student and instructor,as well as students themselvescan be built into a program.The outcome can be a bachelors degree or amasters degree,professional certification,on-the-job training,or life-longlearning.2012年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1Biotic community【答案】生物群落2Stagnation【答案】经济萧条3Aggregate demand【答案】总需求量4Grinding poverty【答案】极度贫困5Midfielder【答案】中场队员6Bioclimatic factor【答案】生物气候因素7Working drawing【答案】设计图8Raison detat【答案】国家利益9European Council【答案】欧洲理事会10Cardiovascular disease【答案】心血管疾病11Brain drain【答案】人才流失12Patron saint【答案】守护神13Sulphur dioxide【答案】二氧化硫14Orphanage【答案】孤儿院15Biological determinism【答案】生物决定论二、将下列短语译成英语1扶贫工作【答案】Poverty alleviation2债券【答案】bond3知识产权【答案】intellectual property4钦差大臣【答案】imperial envoy5申办奥运会【答案】bid for the Olympic Games6植物细胞和组织培养【答案】Plant Cell and Tissue Culture7关税【答案】tariff8军备竞赛【答案】arms race9多极化【答案】multi-polarization10前所未有的【答案】unprecedented11在职培训【答案】on-the-job training12农历【答案】lunar calendar13制冷剂【答案】Refrigerant14新陈代谢【答案】metabolism15生殖性克隆【答案】reproductive cloning16电动汽车【答案】electric car三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1For most American families,theres one major money-related traditionassociated with Thanksgiving:Black Friday shopping.But for others,bargainhunting takes a back seat to a financial reality check.They use this timetogether as an opportunity to discuss and review a host of financial issuesranging from estate planning and wills to investment and philanthropy.And financial advisers,who sometimes attend more formal versions of theseThanksgiving conversations,have much to share in terms of what directionthese meetings can take.They stress that with a little preparation,and a lot ofnon-confrontational goodwill,families can come out with an increased senseof connectedness,cooperation and shared vision.Still,its hard to gauge how family members will react,even to the mostinnocuous statements.Every tribe has its more emotional and melodramatictypes,and so its crucial to limit the chances of misinterpretation or outbursts.This may be especially true if younger adults are involved and feel corneredin front of the whole family,experts say.Listening is the most important part,says Ben Tobias,president of TobiasFinancial Advisors in Plantation,Florida.If a son or daughter wants to jointhe Peace Corps instead of get a more traditional job,find out the reasonswhy,and remember that doing something for two or three years can be avaluable experience.But ask,Have you given any thought to your plans afterthat?You want them to look a little more in the future than just immediategratification.【参考译文】对于大多数美国家庭来说，有个主要的与钱有关的传统也和感恩节相关：“黑色星期五”购物。但是对于其他人来说，买便宜货倒是处于次要地位，更重要的是审视财务状况。他们利用感恩节的聚会来探讨并回顾众多财务问题，从房产计划、遗嘱，到投资和慈善，多种多样。财务咨询师对于会议的方向上有很多经验可以分享，这些咨询师有时还参加更正式的感恩节交流会。他们强调，只需要稍许准备，友善且不针锋相对，家庭成员就能在交流中更具互通、合作和共享的意识。但是我们依然很难估计家庭成员会作何反应，甚至是对一些无伤大雅的表述。每个家族都有自己情绪化和戏剧性的风格，所以减少误解或者情感爆发的几率至关重要。专家认为，如果有年轻人参加，而且感觉遭到整个家庭的排挤时，这一点尤为真切。“倾听是最重要的，”佛罗里达州普兰泰申的托比亚斯财务顾问公司总裁本托比亚斯说道。如果儿女想加入美国和平队，而不是找一份更传统的工作，“找出原因，而且记住，花两三年做点事情是宝贵的人生经历。但要问问，你有没有想想这之后怎么办？你想要子女们多想想未来，而不是暂时满足。”PASSAGE 2Forget expensive educational DVDs and private tutors,the secret to smartchildren could be as simple as giving birth to them two years apart.Researchers who studied thousands of children found a two-year gap to beoptimum in boosting brain power.Any shorter,and the reading and mathsskills of the older child dipped.The effect was strongest between the first andsecond-born,but siblings in bigger families also benefited.The theory comesfrom Kasey Buckles,an economist whose own children are,ratherfortunately,just over two years apart in age.She said it is likely that thedifference in academic achievement is linked to the time and resourcesparents can invest in a child before a younger sibling arrives.However,waiting more than two years did not increase the advantage,the Journal ofHuman Resources will report.(136 words)【参考译文】忘了昂贵的教学光碟和家教吧，想让孩子聪明，秘诀很简单，就是第一胎和第二胎的出生相隔两年。研究人员研究了成千上万名小孩后发现，要增进小孩的智力，最好是在两胎间相隔两年。间隔时间再短的话，年长的孩子的阅读和数学技能都会下降。这一影响在第一胎和第二胎孩子身上最为强烈，不过大家庭中有兄弟姐妹的孩子也会因此而收益。得出这一理论的是经济学家凯西巴克尔斯，挺幸运的是，她自己的小孩的出生间隔时间正好是两年多一点。她说，学习成绩的差别可能和父母在更小的孩子出生之前能够投入到孩子身上的时间和资源有关。不过，人力资源杂志却报道说，超过两年后再生第二个小孩并不会让孩子的智力更有优势。四、将下列短文译成英语PASSAGE 1柳敬亭者，扬之泰州人，本姓曹。年十五，犷悍无赖，犯法当死，变姓柳，之盱眙市中为人说书，已能倾动其市人。久之，过江，云间有儒生莫后光见之，曰:“此子机变，可使以其技鸣。”于是谓之曰:“说书虽小技，然必句性情，习方俗，如优孟摇头而歌，而后可以得志。”敬亭退而凝神定气，简练揣摩，期月而诣莫生。生曰:“子之说，能使人欢咍嗢噱矣。”又期月，生曰:“子之说，能使人慷慨涕泣矣。”又期月，生喟然曰:“子言末发而哀乐具乎其前，使人之性情不能自主，盖进乎技矣。”(250字)【参考译文】Jingting Lius family name was Cao,who was from Taizhou of Yangzhou.When he was fifteen years old,he was fierce and impetuous and violated thecriminal law.He was supposed to be sentenced to death,therefore,hechanged his family name from Cao to Liu and escaped to the city of Xuyu totell stories for others.He could make others moving and have a goodimpression for him by telling stories at that time.After a long time,he arrivedat Songjiang of Jiangnan where an intellectual called Guang Mo met him andsaid:“Thi