how-to-improve-english-reading-in-middle-school--英语专业毕业论文设计.docx

How to improve English Reading in Middle School Abstract: Reading is the main way for students to learn English. But in middle school, a lot of problems still exist in the English reading .Reading is an important way of the students to study English well. It is a basic skill for a student, so students are asked to read them with a certain speed. To do this, students should change their bad reading habit and raise reading speed. Key words: reading ，improve，middle school I. IntroductionReading is one of the fourth basic skills of English. However, in middle school, the situation of students reading ability is far from being satisfactory.For many students, they are afraid of reading and most of them show little interests in reading for the English reading is too boring. In order to search for a right way to solve the problem, I have been devoted to search for an effective teaching method to improve students reading abilities. II. The importance of improving reading and how to improve Reading 2.1 The importance of improving readingThere are many reasons that students are to read English texts are an important part of the teachers job. First, many of them want to be able to read texts in English. Anything we can do to make reading easier for them must be a good idea. Second, Reading texts provide good models for English writing; study language vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and the way to construct sentences, paragraphs and texts. Last, good reading texts can introduce interesting topics. Of course, it is important to study reading texts for the students, how many paragraphs they contain. But the meaning, the message of the text, is much more important. Teachers should help students understand that the main idea. They had their own purpose to read, they have to find ways of doing something about it. They should be encouraged to continue reading to gain meaning. But they must realize that the meaning is not in the teacher. Students should be encouraged to ask themselves, “Can I understand them?”Students have to realize that risk taking in reading is appropriate; that using context to decide what words mean is. Once a decision has been taken about what kind of reading text the students are going to read, teachers need to choose good reading tasksthe right kind of questions and useful puzzles, etc. Working in groups, the English teacher and students take turns to ask each other questions after the reading. Reading is an important way of gaining information in foreign language learning, it is a basic skill for an English learner. There is a lot of reading exercises in an examination today. But all these readings must be done in limited time. So students are asked to read them correctly and with a certain speed. To do this, you should change your bad reading habit and raise your reading efficiency.2.2 How to improve the students readingStudents have many kinds of experience; some texts are written with specific situation in mind and invite specific ways of readings. One way is to teach reading in three stages: before reading stage, while reading stage, and after reading stage. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies. The overall aim is to train the students to be efficient readers in the foreign language.2.2.1 before readingBefore reading means before the text is read. To read even the simplest passage, you have to be able to place it within a context and to anticipate what you are likely to find. The aims of the before reading is arousing the students interest. Students read the text by providing a purpose for reading, preparing the students for the content of the text. Not all three aims are relevant to all text types. So, the teacher does not have to spend too long on motivating them to read.2.2.2 While reading While reading is mainly focuses on the exploitation of the text. It aims to help the reader understand the content and structure of the text, as well as the authors purpose in writing it. The purpose of a reading lesson is to teach not test. As a teacher we should help students become efficient readers with their own reading skills.2.2.3 after reading After reading work is not directly connected with the text, but usually “grows out” of it. It has two aims: one is to consolidate or reflect on what has been read in the text, the other is to relate the text to the students own knowledge. As teachers, we give students a sense of responsibility to read a text, when they know that they will have to use the information gained from it to do something else.III. Reading SkillsWith the coming of the television age of our society，many people would have us believe that we are moving rapidly away from reading as a necessary life skillBut this is not the case at all Good reading is a more important life skill than ever before and the printed word continues to be the cornerstone of both higher education and better positions in the job market For students，almost all studying involves readingFor adults， reading is day to day，either a stumbling block or a smooth path to pleasure and opportunityThis is why good reading habits are not only an important study skill for the student，but also an important life skill for anyone 3.1 Skimming Skimming is very fast reading. When you are skim, you read to get the main idea and a few, but not all of the details. To skim rapidly, you must leave out parts of the material.Before starting to read a passage in detail, the teacher first ask the students to take a moment to preview the passage. Students should read often contains an introduction or overview of what will be talked about. Then from the second paragraph as students have to in order to discover whether it contains a main idea or any important details. The teacher ask the students to have these in mind: for which the passage was written, what type of passage it is, what the purpose and attitude of the author is and what the style of the article is.You read the ending paragraphs which you should read more fully because they often contain a summary.The following practical steps for skimming are suggested to help the students get started:1. Read the title.2. Note the authors name and the source of the text.3. Read the first paragraph completely.4. Read subheadings and first sentences of remaining paragraphs.5 If the final paragraph appears to be a summary, read it completely.3.3 Reading speedAnother good reading habit is reading fastIn fact，most students read much too slowly Studies show that fast readers are the best readers， Remember，nothing hurts concentration more than reading too slowlyYour mind will keep up with your reading speed if you ask it toBy always reading at your top speed，you challenge your understanding and make it easier for your mind to concentrate on the material 3.4 Vocabulary building I think memorizing word parts and their meanings will not help you become a better reader. For a student with good reading habits, a printed page contains not only words but also ideas，actions，thoughts and feelings. But all these things are built on wordsThe more words you are familiar with，the less you are aware of reading words and the more you are aware of content and meaningExpanding your vocabulary will help you to read more effectively and rapidly Many students simply skip over words they do not understandThis naturally， hurts their overall comprehensionOther students stop at teach new word and look it up in the dictionary，but this method can slow down your reading affecting concentration and comprehension But you can build your vocabulary without using a dictionary each timeHere are two rules： 1Pause for a moment on each new word in your mind 2Try to guess what the word means from context，from the words around itWhat happens with this method is that you will see the word again and againEach time you will have a stronger impression of the meaningSoon，the new word will be familiar and its meaning clear The key to the method is to be alert to new wordsDont skip over themYoull find you are adding to your vocabulary each day and a good strong vocabulary is a great help to reading quickly and with strong comprehension Good reading habits like these can help students and working adults alike to be more successfulThe special world of school and the real world of school and of everyday life can be more comfortable，productive and rewarding with the addition of simple yet important life skills such as good reading habits IV. Classification of teaching reading In my opinion, most teachers in middle school always adopt the traditional teacher-centered classroom teaching in reading class, which emphasize grammar and translation teaching. They spend most time to explain words, grammar, and translate each sentence into Chinese. Then such teaching methods must result in silent class. When teach teachers intonation and expressions still the same. They speak neither too fast nor too slow, neither too loud or too low. They dont change their expressions, let alone a smile, and they always seem never use body language. They just repeat every procedure that happens in every class. This is bad for the reading.So, students in the class study very boring. They just do what teacher tells them to do, and have little opportunity to speak in the class. Even given chance, they never want to express themselves freely. They have to listen to the teacher speaking all the time and just feel sleepy. They will never enjoy such a reading class and just hope the bell could ring soon. If this continues, students will lose the passion of learning English and even hate English class. In such situation, what we need to do to activate students in reading class. V. ConclusionIn short, we find class lively in the process of learning the language. The method enable students consciously rehearsals. Thinking students will be able to remain active in the classroom.It is considered that reading is a complex automatic process involved a-lot-of and it was a process of thought. Teaching method should be changed by the object, surrounding and teaching goal. It cant be the same. We have to take into consideration the elements of all sides. Certainly, in reading practice students play the leading role. No matter how teachers teach, no matter how much knowledge teachers offered, it can never take the place of their own wide-spread and abundant practice. Teachers are mainly used to rise students interesting of learning, to organize, supervise and check up the reading activity, to discover and solve questions of language and knowledge, whats more to help them while necessary.References Sandra Silberstein. Techniques and Resouces in Teaching Reading. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 2002.Rivers, W.M.: Teaching Foreign Language Skills M. The University of Chicago Press. 1968.Richard Veit Christopher Gould John Clifford, Writing,Reading,and Research Third Edition M . New York: Macmillan College Publishing Company, 1994, P63.Dorothy Grant Hennings, Reading with Meaning Strategies for College Reading Third Edition M .Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Press:1996,P42. Belyayev B.V. The psychology of Teaching Foreign Languages. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1963. 唠嗑: Chew the fat北方话把“闲聊”称作“唠嗑”，chew the fat是个俗语，和“唠嗑”的意思很相近。不过，也有人对此产生异议：chew the fat明明是“细嚼肥肉”，似乎和“聊天、唠嗑”八杆子打不着！呵呵，寻答案还得细查辞源。Fat在短语中指“咸腌肉”，所以，谈到“chew the fat”往往会让人想到这样一幅画面：几个朋友，几瓶啤酒，几个家常小菜（牛肉干，豆腐干，烟熏肉），于是乎，大家伙酒劲儿足，话头儿兴，喝酒、吃菜、谈天说地几不误而从辞源上讲，短语“chew the fat”确实由此而来。所以，若邀朋友到家中唠嗑您可这么说：“Hey, John, why not come over and chew the fat？”另外，chew（咀嚼）在英语中常用来比喻“沉思，抱怨，闲谈”等一些行为，如短语chew the cud（深思）；chew the rag（聊天，争论，发牢骚）。恶有恶报“善有善报,恶有恶报,不是不报,时候未到。”一看到这句话，就想起武侠剧里一位面无表情、修行颇深的方丈在开导某位施主。那么，这个“恶有恶报”该怎么用英语表达呢？那就是：“chickens come home to roost”。进退两难郑中基在左右为难里唱道：“我的决定，会有怎样的伤害？面对着爱人和朋友，那一个我该放开？一边是友情，一边是爱情，左右都不是，为难了自己。”相信很多人都遇到过左右为难、进退两难的情境吧。那么，英语中如何表达呢？请看：“between a rock and a hard place”。做个“得力助手”一个朋友，刚进一家公司没多久，就成了上司的得力助手。有一次他胃疼，上司都特地打电话来慰问。我们赶紧套他的秘诀，结果他说：其他人都懒，我比较勤快而已。哪个上司不喜欢能干活的员工呀。看来，我们要向他学习了，做上司的“man Friday”。坚持！一直很佩服一个大学同学，那是一个非常有个性的人。当时，大家上选修课都是能不选就不选，腾出时间玩。而人家却不管别人怎么做怎么说，把课排得满满的，一直坚持到毕业。这样的人用英语说就是：“stick to his guns”。留个好印象！还记得小品英雄母亲的一天里一个很搞笑的镜头：电视台的记者来给老太太录象，让她从门外走进来。结果，老太太一紧张，不知道该迈哪只脚，就一直把右脚放前面，像螃蟹一样横着就进来了。显然，老太太知道要把最好的那只脚放前面（put your best foot forward）。你是不是我那杯茶？网络上流行着一部小说，名字叫你是不是我那杯茶，讲的是一个漂在上海的女子寻找爱情的故事。从名字可以看出，她在寻找的那杯茶就是她理想的意中人。其实，这个浪漫的名字是来自英语中的“my cup of tea”。“摇钱树”！小时候，自从看了神笔马良，就梦想着自己也有一支神笔，画一棵摇钱树。想吃零食、买玩具的时候就摇一下，钱就掉手里了。那么，摇钱树用英语怎么说呢？请看：“cash cow”。事实胜于雄辩俗语有云：是骡子是马，拉出来溜溜。这句话告戒我们，就算有人口若悬河，跟你吹得天花乱坠，我们还是要擦亮双眼，看看他有没有真本事。英语中也有个类似的俗语，叫“the proof of the pudding is in the eating”。样样精通，样样稀松？记得巩汉林和赵丽蓉曾经演过一个讲功夫的小品。巩汉林吹牛说自己“十八般武艺样样精通”，结果被“老妈”赵丽蓉揭穿，是“样样稀松”。英语中有一个俚语说的就是他这种什么都懂一点，但是什么都不精通的人：“Jack of all trades, and master of none”。请不要“推卸责任”俗话说，林子大了什么鸟都有。有一种人就是很喜欢推卸责任。明明事情搞砸了，错在他（她），可他（她）偏偏就是不承认，还把责任推到别人身上。这种行为用英语说就是“pass the buck”。趣说“晴天下雨”小时候，每当遇到晴天下雨，小伙伴们都会边跑着躲雨，边喊：“晴天下雨浇王八”。跑得不够快，来不及躲雨的小伙伴就被大家笑称“王八”。在英语中，晴天下雨有个很有意思的说法，叫“monkeys wedding”（猴子的婚礼）。我们的“纪念日” 大喜的日子每个人都有对于自己来说特别的、值得纪念的日子，比如，收到大学录取通知书的日子、第一次发工资的日子、走进婚姻殿堂的日子、宝宝出生的日子，等等。这个特殊的日子在英语中叫“red-letter day”。祝你“前途无量”刚刚走出校园、参加工作的毕业生们听的最多的祝福莫过于前途了吧。家长们、师长们、学弟学妹们会真心地祝愿你前程似锦、前途无量、大展宏图那么，“前途无量”用英语怎么说呢？请看：skys the limit。弥天大谎找借口编谎话也需要一套本领。没有“翔实”的细节，言语过于简单不行；但细节若过于“翔实”，编得天花乱坠也不行。对于后种情况，“故事”一旦炫得过了火候，等于告诉别人你在瞎掰。 英语中，浓墨重彩的“鬼话”可用“cock and bull story”来形容，很应了鬼话“连篇”的内质。打个比方，“我车胎爆了”是借口，但如果，“比尔盖茨的车胎爆了，我顺便把他送到机场，他又邀我飞往纽约，并在派拉蒙酒店共进午餐”，就是弥天大谎了。据记载，“cock and bull”最早可追溯到1620年，当时指英国一家设在路边的酒馆，酒馆的名字叫“The Cock and Bull”。疲倦的旅客在此过夜时，常聚在一起侃大山，讲他们所经历的奇闻逸事。当然，这些经历不要求真实，怎么奇特就怎么来。久而久之，“cock and bull story”就成了“鬼话连篇”的代名词。看个例句：She couldnt pay her debt; instead she told me a cock and bull story about having been robbed. 她还不了债，遂编了个弥天大谎骗我说她遭劫了。俚语: AA制关于中国的“AA制”，其渊源众说纷纭，据维基记载，“AA”非舶来品，大概是中华的独创。“AA制”在国外，英美人习惯上叫“Dutch treat”。看来，源于17世纪那场“英荷战争”，荷兰人真的要永留英国“史册”了。 17世纪的“Anglo-Dutch Wars”（英荷战争），不仅让荷兰人丢掉了“海上马车夫”的殊荣，而且，一系列非褒义性“Dutch”用语由此融入英国词汇。由于英国人的偏见，荷兰人似乎是“抠门”的代名词，外出就餐如果“各付己帐”就可以说成是“Its a Dutch treat”（直译为“荷兰人请客”，treat在此指“招待、请客”）。此外，“AA制”还可表达为“Lets go Dutch”或者“Lets split the bill”（此种说法比较直接，欠委婉）。有趣的是，意大利语中的AA制“pagare alla romana”，意思是“象罗马人那样付账”；而在南美洲，一些西班牙人称AA制为“pagar a la americana”，表示“以美国人的方式付账”。看来，哪个民族都不愿说自己“抠门”噢。口语：“改天吧！”在美国，棒球用语种类繁多，棒球文化更是融入于美国的社会文化生活之中。继续刚讲过的俚语“有一手 ”，我们再来看个源于棒球的口语“Rain check”（字面意：“雨票”；引申义：“改天再赴约吧！”） 想个语境：朋友邀你看电影或共进晚餐，偏你有事不能赴约，这时就可用婉谢的口吻告诉他：“May I take a rain check（改天可以吗）？” 或者，简单来句：“Rain check？”“Rain check”出现于19世纪80年代，最初指“棒球赛因下雨延期举行时观众得到的未来入场券”。 随着时间的推移，“rain check”的语义范围逐渐扩大，可用来形容不同情况下对未来的许诺，如：“比赛改期举行时的展期入场券”、“缺货商品未来出售时的不涨价保证”或“谢约时的改天建议”。看个例句： A：How about a cup of coffee? （一起去和咖啡？）B：Rain check.（改天吧。）俚语：“在行、有一手” 2006-11-07 08:48