新视野大学英语第三册第六单元课文省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Unit 6How to prepare for earthquakes第1页 Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast.In Japan,scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night.They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,evenParagraph 1normally quiet dogs.第2页 Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water.Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.译文句型第3页Paragraph 2 People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most d u r a b l e t y p e o f j o i n t.译文句型第4页 These joints of steel can move without breaking.Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.译文第5页Paragraph 3 Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an e a r t h q u a k e .译文句型第6页 In addition to preparing their houses,people in these regions need to prepare themselves.They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work.It is best to store several gallons of water per person.It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria,so water from other sources can be made safe to drink.Store one weeks food for each person.Earth-quake survival supplies include a radio receiver,a torch,extra batteries,first aid supplies,a spade,a tent,some rope,and warm clothing.Experts also suggest the following:译文Paragraph 4第7页 Keep a fire extinguisher handy.You should have one at home,at work,and in your car(if you have one).The fire extinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire.Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary.Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can be used outside.One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas.Keep a pair of heavy,comfortable shoes or boots in your home,at work,and in your vehicle.If there is an earthquake,there will be lots of fragments of broken glass.Light shoes will not protect your feet a s w e l l a s h e a v y s h o e s w i l l.译文Paragraph 5第8页 Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans.How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake?Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away.Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.If an earthquake happens in a large city,many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down.译文Paragraph 6第9页 The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be difficult to call from one part of the city to another.It might,however,be possible to call outside the city.A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.译文第10页 Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes,they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move,the stresses between plates,how earthquakes work,and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake.Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy.However,even if prediction becomes possible,people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared.译文Paragraph 7难句解析第11页 These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes.Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects.译文第12页第一段 从理想上说，人们希望知道地震什么时候发生，破坏程度会怎样。在日本和中国，人们长久以来一直相信地震是能够预测。在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设电线，以监测它们运动。而中国人传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震警示信号。比如，中国人注意到，地震之前母鸡行为会有所异常：它们夜晚不愿进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些日常很平静狗也会叫个不停。日本阪神地震发生之前，有汇报说大批鱼群游到了水面。有些鸟，如鸽子，也显得尤其聒噪，听说地震前它们飞行方式也与往常不一样。可能最有趣、也最轻易测量，是地震前地下水发生化学改变。试验数据似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡含量会增高。返回第13页第二段 人们还希望能够预防地震会造成重大财产损失。要知道，多人们还希望能够预防地震会造成重大财产损失。要知道，多数在地震中丧生人都是被坍毁建筑物砸死。所以，含有抗震数在地震中丧生人都是被坍毁建筑物砸死。所以，含有抗震能力房屋结构是关注重点。钢似乎是最正确建材，但一旦被能力房屋结构是关注重点。钢似乎是最正确建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬结构就不行了。许多新式结构都采取了一个新型焊接成僵硬结构就不行了。许多新式结构都采取了一个新型钢接合方法，即钢接合方法，即I形接合，它看来是最耐用一个接合。这种形接合，它看来是最耐用一个接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。一样，为了预防财产损失，建筑钢接合在移动时不会断裂。一样，为了预防财产损失，建筑师如今设计楼房时会使房屋支柱和横梁力度相等，而垂直支师如今设计楼房时会使房屋支柱和横梁力度相等，而垂直支柱则深深插入坚实地基中。另外，许多新型房屋都采取了较柱则深深插入坚实地基中。另外，许多新型房屋都采取了较轻屋顶和坚实墙壁。高架桥水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，轻屋顶和坚实墙壁。高架桥水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。如今外面也包上了钢板。返回第14页第三段 除了设法改进建筑结构外，地震频发区人们也需要为可能发生大地震做好防范工作。他们应该定时检验和加固房屋，将重物放在低处，将橱柜和柜子贴墙放置，加固房门以防地震时意外脱开。返回第15页第四段 除做好房屋防震外，这些地域人们还需要为本身做些防范。他们应该在家里和工作地贮备些水和食物。最好每人贮备几加仑水。贮备一些能够净化水和毁灭病菌东西也很主要，这么就能够安全地饮用其它起源水了。每人准备一周食物。地震救生贮备还包含无线电接收器、手电、备用电池、抢救用具、铁锹、帐篷、绳子和保暖衣物。另外，教授们还提出了以下提议：返回第16页第五段 手边备有灭火器。应该在住处、工作场所和汽车里(假如你有车话)都存放一个。灭火器应该是能够扑灭任何火灾那种。有必要话，准备一些能关闭煤气和自来水管道特制工具。准备一个备用户外烹调和取暖用具，能够准备一个便携式露营灶和几小罐煤气。在住处、工作场所和汽车里放一双厚重、舒适鞋或靴子。发生地震时会有大量玻璃碎片。轻便鞋子不能像厚重鞋子那样保护好你双脚。返回第17页第六段 每个家庭都需要制订地震应急计划。怎样让一家人在地震混乱中安全离开？大家应该约定一个地震区外会合点可能是在几英里外某个市镇。一样，协商好地震时家人联络方式也很主要。地震若发生在大城市，市里许多电话线路很可能中止，剩下为数不多可用线路会很忙，因为灾难之后自然会有许多电话，要从市里一个地方打到另一个地方会很困难。但可能通向市外电话是通。明智安排是，让全部家人都给一个住在一百多英里之外朋友或亲戚打个电话，以报平安。返回第18页第七段 尽管科学家们仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中大板块怎样移动，板块间压力怎样，地震怎样发生，某地域发生地震普通概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。在很快未来，准确预测地震将成为可能。然而，即使能够预测，居住在地震频发区人们还是应尽力预防灾难，方法是建造能够抵抗地表运动房屋，同时做好个人准备。在挽救生命和预防家庭损失方面，这些预防方法会发挥很大作用。教育人们怎样在地震中求生，应该是全部政府规划和地震研究项目标重点所在。返回第19页watch for 寻找，等候Well be watching for any developments.我们会亲密注意事情任何进展第20页come out of We saw him come out of the room.我们看见他走出房间。Big ideas come out of big pencils.灵感来自那支大铅笔v.由产生，从出来第21页大批鱼群 large schools of fish重大财产损失重大财产损失 the great destruction of property一群海豚一群海豚 a school of dolphins雨林毁坏雨林毁坏 the destruction of rainforests第22页 so that I want to leave now.I wont be late.I took no notice of him.He flew into a rage.用.so that.合成以下组句:I want to leave now so that I wont be late.I took no notice of him so that he flew into a rage。第23页be of+adj.+noun=be+adv.+adj.用“be of+adj.+noun.”改写以下句子:The book he bought yesterday is very helpful It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.第24页The book he bought yesterday is of much help.It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.第25页attach to 从属于，参加，归于例句：1.This hospital is attached to a medical college。这家医院从属于一个医学院。2.He attached himself to the Party 他入党了 3.No blame attaches to him for the accident。责任不在他身上。第26页in addition to 除之外老板要他天天干16个钟头活，还打他The boss worked him 16 hours a day and beat him in addition。第27页if necessary 如有必要Translation如有必要，这个讨论会可在明天继续进行。KeyThis discussion can,if necessary,be continued tomorrow.第28页agree on 协商，与达成一致agree on:have the same opinion about agree to:accept;approveagree with:have the same opinion with sb1)Finally the committee your request.2)I cant your father;it is a foolish risk.3)The two sides the date of negotiation.agreed toagree withhave agreed on第29页check in统计，登记签到 例句:What time can I check in?我什么时候能够登记？The reception personnel will help you check in.接待人员会帮助你们办理入住手续。第30页make a/no difference 对有/无影响1.海边空气改进了他健康情况.The sea air has made a difference to his health.2.你是去是留对我都无所谓。It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay.第31页Keep handy 手边备有看看他手边常备东西，你就会知道他生活情趣Take a look at what he often keeps handy and you will catch on to his taste for life.第32页be likely to 很可能很可能只有当你学会在逆境中前行，你才有可能知道人生真谛。Only when you learn to forge ahead in adversity are you likely to know the true meaning of life.第33页insert sth.into/in/between 登载麦氏(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾登载了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement:Good to the last drop.第34页1)detect(vt)觉察，发觉；探测假如许多癌症在早期被发觉，那么是能够治愈。Many forms of cancers can be cured if detected early.我觉察到他态度有微妙改变I detected a slight change in his attitude.第35页detect sb.In(doing)sth.发觉某人在做（坏事）他考试作弊时被发觉了。He was detected in the act of cheating on the exam.detectable a.可发觉，可看穿 detective n./a.侦探，侦探detection n.觉察，探测；侦察第36页2)wax vi.变大，增强 【u】a solid fatty or oily substance 蜡Her feelings for John wax and wine.她对约翰感情时好时坏。It is obvious that a coating of wax was put on the paper.纸上涂了一层蜡。（月）盈亏圆缺喻盛衰第37页3）withstand vt.经受，承受，顶住an attacksevere teststhe stormhard wear(fire)hardship抵抗攻击经得起严峻考验顶得住暴风雨耐穿能吃苦withstand第38页军队太弱了，抵挡不了任何进攻。The troops were too weak to withstand any attack这双鞋子很耐穿。The pair of shoes withstands hard wear.第39页4)enclose vt.围住，包住他们用篱笆围住了院子。They enclosed their yard with a fence.兹附上200美元支票。I enclosed herein a check for Us dollars.enclosed a.被附上enclosure n.围地，围栏；随信附件第40页5）extinguish vt 使熄灭，扑灭 使(希望等)破灭extinguish a fire 灭火His dream of an actor is extinguished with the failure.他演员梦伴随失败而破灭。distinguish v.区分，区分第41页6)sensible adj 合理,明智a sensible man 明智人a sensible decision 明智决定a sensible arrangement 合理安排预防总是比治疗更明智，而且花费更少。Prevention is always more sensible and less costly than cure.第42页Assoclationsense n./vt.感觉，意义，见识；了解sensitive a.敏感，灵敏，感光 Bank fillingsensible sense sensitive1.A driver has a good of locality.2.It would be to leave early,in case theres a lot of traffic.3.She is very to what people think of her.sensesensiblesensitive第43页7)resistant a.:offering resistance 抵抗，反抗Collocationwater-heat-resistantbullet-TranslationConservative people are usually resistant to change.保守人通常反对改变。Assoclationpersistent a.坚持，固执；连续insistent a.坚持不懈assistant n./a.助手，助理；助理，辅助防水防热防弹第44页8)precaution n.:an action done to prevent sth.from happening 预防，预防办法take precaution against 采取预防.办法政府采取了各种预防办法，以预防非典深入蔓延。The government has taken all precautions to prevent further spreading of SARS.第45页Useful expressions留心，观察离开，从.出来别忘了，终究，终究将.插入，嵌入将.附在/缚在救生贮备熄灭，扑灭救急计划watch forcome out ofafter allinsert intoattach tosurvival supplies put outemergency plan第46页会合点加之，除.之外登记，报到普通概率对.有影响，起作用在工作地方就.达成一致意见a meeting point in addition(to)check in general probability be resistant ti at work agree on/upon第47页Perhaps most/Particularly+adj./PP,and most+adj./PP,is.可能最尤其可能最尤其 .也最也最.，是，是.可能最难能可贵、也最令人钦佩，是他出污泥而不染品质。可能最难能可贵、也最令人钦佩，是他出污泥而不染品质。Perhaps most remarkable,and most admirable,is his virtue of remaining honest in spite of general corruption第48页After all,.(理由理由).Therefore,.is a major concern/emphasis.要知道毕竟，要知道毕竟，.所以所以 .是关注重点。是关注重点。要知道，我们依然是一个发展中国家。所以，怎样使我们国民经要知道，我们依然是一个发展中国家。所以，怎样使我们国民经济保持可连续发展将是关注重点。济保持可连续发展将是关注重点。After all,we are still a developing country.Therefore,how to keep our economic development sustainable will be a major concern.第49页Besides/In addition to/Apart from working/seeking to.,sb needs to.除了设法除了设法.外外,某人也某人也/还需要还需要.除了设法改革课程结构外，校方还需最大程度地丰富校园生活。除了设法改革课程结构外，校方还需最大程度地丰富校园生活。Besides seeking to reform the structures of courses,the university needs to enrich the campus life to the fullest.第50页 此句主句是people will still have to do their best,修饰people 定语从句who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence中又包含where 引导修饰areas定语从句；even if predicton becomes possible 是让步状语从句，structures 后接t h a t 引导定语从句。第51页第52页