考研英语写作强化提高(英语二).pdf

考试点（）名师精品课程 电话：400-6885365第一部分考研英语写作要求与评分细则一、大纲对写作的要求考生应能根据所给提纲、情景或者要求完成相应的短文写作，主要考查考生的书面表达能力；该 部分由A、B两节组成,共两题,25分。具体要求如下：1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当；2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。二、考研写作试卷结构写作部分考查考生的书面表达能力。该部分由A、B两节组成，共25分。A节:题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。（共计10分）备选题型包括：（1）考生给句所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信 函、备忘录以及报告等；要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80-100词的文章摘要。B节:要求考生根据所规定的情景或者给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论 文;提供情景的形式为图画、图表或者文字。（共计15分）三、考研英语写作评分原则和方法1.A节应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰 当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关 键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的 准确性。2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在 档内有1-3分的调节分。3.A节作文的字数要求是90-100词；B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。文章长度不符合要求 的，酌情扣分。4.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美 拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5.如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。四、考研写作一般评分标准第五档 A节（9-10分）B节（12-15分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务。-包含所有内容要点；考研英语写作强化提高使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅,语法错误极少;有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式和语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档 A节（7-8分）B节（10-12分）较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉1、2个次重点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别语法错误;采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密；格式和语域较恰当。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第三档A节（5-6分）B节（7-10分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本完全产生了预期的效果。第二档A节（3分）B节（4-7分）未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；有较多语法结构及词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性；格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第一档A节（1-2分）B节（14分）未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；未采用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段;-无格式和语域概念。未能传达信息给读者。零档（0分）所传达的信息或所使用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。2 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885365五、考研英语写作高分作文标准内容完整，涵盖题目所要求的要点X句子准确，句式结构有变化用词多样化，语域正确逻辑结构清晰，有层次性3 考研英语写作强化提高第二部分 考研英语写作题目分析2012 年PartDirections：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day.Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint,and2)demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use uZhang Wei instead.Part BDirections：Write an essay based on the following table.In your writing,you should1)describe the table,and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15point)某公司员工工作满意度调查满意度年龄组满意不清楚不满意近40岁16.7%50.0%33.3%4050 岁0.0%36.0%64.0%50岁40.0%50.0%10.0%2011 年Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to 1)congratulate him/her,and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use u Zhang Wei instead.Do notwrite the address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the following picture.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.4 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885-365You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)40%-35%-30%-25%-20%-15%-10%-5%-0%-2008年 2009年国产品牌 日系品牌 美系品牌2008.2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌市场份额示意图2010 年Part ADirections：You have just come back from theU.S.as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception；2)Welcome him/her to visitChina in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“ZhangWei“instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)PartBDirections：In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)Interpret the chart and2)Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)5 考研英语写作强化提高Mobile-phone subscriptions subscription number(2000-2008)Developing countriesDeveloped countries4billion3billion2billionIbillion00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08(year)2009年（MBA联考英语）Direction：It is known that text message has both advantages and disadvantages.Some people think it is a blessing,while others regard it as a hell.In this section,you are asked to write an essay on text message.You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea.You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.2008年（MBA联考英语）Directions：In this part,you are asked to write a composition according to the information below.You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（20 points）以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重新考大学的大有 人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的上海考生中，有390名本科毕业生,15名硕士生。写一篇约150字左右的作文进行评论和表达自己的意见。总结：从考研英语（二）的真题和MBA联考真题分析来看，考研英语（二）大作文的命题范围主要集中 以下三方面：X图表作文为主流X提纲作文为辅助派社会热点要关注X图画作文莫忽视而小作文的出题模式还是以信件类作文为主。6 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885365第三部分 考研英语写作Part A整体分析一、大纲 对于小作文的 要求：最新大纲将应用文分为三大类:书信类、告示类和摘要类文章。大纲对于应用文写作的具体要求 如下:考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信 函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。二、历年小作文浏览：考研英语()小作文整体概况2012 年：Directions：Some international students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students Union to1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming“instead.Do not write the address(10 points)2011 年：Directions：Write a letter to a friend of yours to1)recommend one of your favorite movies and2)give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter.User u LI MING instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)2010 年:Directions：You are supposed to write forthe postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization,you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use w postgraduate association instead.7 考研英语写作强化提高2009 年：Directions：Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.14 White pollution is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s)of your local newspaper to give your opinions briefly and make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.2008 年：Directions：You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob,your landlord there.Write him a letter to1)make an apology,and2)suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)2007 年：Directions：Write a letter to you university library,making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your ownname at the end of the letter.Use u Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)2006 年:DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter；use“Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)2005 年：Directions：Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.8 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885365Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter；use“Li Ming“instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)考研英语(二)小作文整体概况2012年：Directions：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day.Write an e-mail to the customer service center to.1)make a complaint,and2)demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use uZhang Wei“instead.2011 年：Directions：Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to.1)congratulate him/her,and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Zhang Wei instead.You do not need to write the address.2010 年：Directions：You have just come back from theU.S.as a member of a Sino-American culturalexchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception；2)Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your ownname at the end of the letter.Use“Zhang Wei instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)三、大纲对于应用文的具体要求：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式；3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。说明：大纲对于掌握和运用语言的能力提出了更高的要求。从字数上看来，小作文要求写作100字左 右。文章长度如不符合要求将酌情扣分。同时，不同的应用文体有着不同的格式及语域要求,小作文 协作考查的重点就在于不同类型信函的格式要求。9 考研英语写作强化提高四、书信类文章整体写作方法思路分析：样题举例：2007年的大纲样题Directions：You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for；1)detailed information about the books you want,2)methods of payment,3)time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use u Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.审题写作“三步走”第一步、浏览信息，判断题型;读完题目要求，应迅速判断这是一篇请求信，同时思考出该类信件 的写作框架、流程、常用套语和词汇等。第二步、重读题目，划出重点;所谓重点就是在文章写作中必须包含的相关信息内容基本点，本题 的重点信息包括 preparing for an English test,in need of some reference books,a letter to the sales department of a book store,detailed information,payment,delivery 等 0第三、形成文章，查漏补缺;信件类写作的重点就是考查你的想象力！如在本题中，考生应思考的 细节包括准备何种英语考试，需要哪些参考书,对参考书的质量和内容有什么要求，付款方式是现金 还是信用卡，运送方式是EMS、邮局还是其他等等。在这些方面考生可以自由发挥，但是注意要符合 我们的生活常识和日常规律。检查文章时注意两点:第一，格式以及信息点;第二，拼写错误。五、小作文写作的题型分析1.书信写作格式：当前的书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构，即每一 段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致;称呼顶格写,落款则在中间 偏右的位置。美式结构则是齐头式结构，在商务英语中比较流行，尤其普遍运用于电子邮件的交流 中，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。具体如 下所示：A.齐头式Dearjim,I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing.I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis,and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting.Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half,and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you.I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition.If possible,please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book.Thanks a lot.Yours,Tom10 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885.365氏缩进式Dearjim,I wonder if you can lend me yourMLA Handbook for Academic Writing.I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis,and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting.Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half,and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you.I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition.If possible,please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book.Thanks a lot.Yours,Tom写作结构：英文的书信结构通常包括6个组成部分:信头(heading,包括寄信人地址和日期)、信内地址(inside address,指收信人地址)、称呼(salutation)、正文(body)、结束语(complimentary)、签名(signature),有时候还包括附言(postscript)和附件(attachment)。如图：No.6,Xinqing RoadShanghai,10069,信头P.R.ChinaMar.15,2012Doctor John Smith14 Broadway Avenue 信内地址San FranciscoCalifornia 11063U.S.ADearDr.Smith,称呼I am very glad to hear from you.正文Yours sincerely,结束语LiMing 签名P.S.:附言考研信件要求四部分:称呼、正文、结束语和签名称呼：称呼是书信的开头部分,是写信人对收信人的称谓。无论是私人信件、还是公务信件，一般都以“Dear”作为开头引出收信人的姓名和头衔。称呼的后面一般都要求加逗号。在私人信件中，如果写信人与收信人关系比较亲密,则称呼可以比较随意，一般都是“Dear”后面 直接加人名，如Dear Anna,Dear Tom”等；或者“Dear”后面加长辈的称呼，如“Dear Papa,Dear Aunt”；如果关系不是非常亲密，则要称呼对方的姓，写做Dear Mr.Smith,Dear Mrs.Smith,Dear Miss Smith,11 考研英语写作强化提高Dear Ms Smith”。注意，在不知道女士的婚嫁状况的时候，宜用“Ms.”。在公务信件中，一般的称呼格式是在收信人头衔后加姓，或者加收信人全名。要特别注意收信人 的头衔。具体称呼方式及缩写如下：男士：Mr.女士：Mrs.,Ms.,Miss教授/博士：Prof./Dr.编辑：Editor不知对方姓名：Dear Sir/Sirs,Dear Madam/Madams,Dear Sir or Madam,To Whom It May Concern正文：正文一般包括三个部分：第一部分是开头,需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人，还要加上一 个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信，还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。第二部分是信的核心和主要内容，把开头提出的问题进行充分的说明和解释。第三部分是信的结尾，通常以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如：I am looking forward to your reply.Please pass my best wishes to all your family.结束语：结束语是写信人对于收信人的谦称和致敬。在私人信件中，一般可以用Best wishes,Best regards,Yours,Yours sincerely关系非常亲密的朋友或者亲人,可以用“Yours affectionately在公务信件中，一般可以用Yours sincerely,yours faithfully,Yours trulyn在给一些团体和不知名的个人的正式信件中,还可以采用:Truly yours,Sincerely yours考研统一要求:“Yours sincerely签名：“Li Ming”2.备忘录备忘录是用于各部门之间传递信息、提醒和督促对方做某事的一种文书。备忘录一般用于各种 机构组织中,有约定俗成的结构和格式，一般由五个部分组成：To：收文人From：发文人Date：日期Subject：事由，填人关键词Message:正文，直入主题,列出最重要的信息或结论。备忘录包括以下几个要素:谁，什么，何时，何地，为什么。备忘录有可能是通知，也可能是呼吁人 们参加某个活动或采取某个行动，因此，语气一般比较正式、礼貌且简明扼要，表达清楚准确，以使广 大的读者能够迅速正确地理解。需要注意的是，备忘录的收文人只要写全名即可，无需称呼语，结尾 处也不需要结束语和签名。3.便条便条是为了各种目的而写的简短书信体留言，用于熟人、亲人、朋友和同事等之间对于近一两天 内将发生事情的联系，如请假条、约会、告别、道歉、借东西、留言等。便笺的形式简单，语言随意、简洁12 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885365且口语化。便条的特点:语言和格式轻松，内容较短，言简意赅。形式如下：Mar.20,2007 日期Tom,称呼 正文Anne签名13 考研英语写作强化提高第四部分 辞职信&求职信一、辞职信写作基本套路：Dear首段:开门见山，说明要辞职；中间段:说明辞职的原因；结尾段:简单寒暄，请求包含真题举例：2005年写作真题Directions：Two months ago,you got a job as an editor for the magazineFashion&Design.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Sample：Dear Mr.Wang,I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.The primary reasons are as follows.First,after two months,I do feel that it is not easy for me to get used to the extra work and night shift.Second,the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised,and I have a large family to support.Last,what I have learned in the university cannot meet the requirement of being an editor.I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have caused.I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.Yours sincerely,Li Ming二、求职信写作基本套路：Dear首段:说明信息来源，表明写作目的，提出应聘岗位；中间段:列出自身条件，咨询工资薪酬和福利；结尾段:表示感谢，希望回复,提供联系方式求职信写作可用句型：开头段：I would like to apply for the position that you are offeringI have read your advertisement in,and should be greatful if you consider me favorably as a candidate 14 考试点()名师精品课程 电话：400-6885365for the position.X In response to your advertisement,I wish to apply for the job/position asI am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a 中间段：（受教育程度-经历-个人能力）I am presently a student at college/university,and I have half a year to complete before I graduate.I was graduated from the Department of English at Northwest University with a Bachelor degree/a Master degree/a Doctor degree.X I major inIn addition to having taken a broad range of courses,1 served as at/inI have had years experience as at/inX I am