1、九年级英语中考专题复习一名词.分类类别意义典型例词普通名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物 的词girl,pen,book,door,panda可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事 物的名词police,people,family,class物质名词表示构成各种物体的 物质或材料的词water,rice,soup,wood,tea不可数名词抽象名词表示行为、品质、感情 或状态等抽象概念的 词knowledge,love,danger专有名词表示特定的人、地方、专门机构或团体等名 称的词Tom,Beijing,University,NewYork,The ComunistParty of China二.
2、名词复数1.规则名词情形构成方法典型例词一般情况加-Sbike-bikes,dog-dogs以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名 词力口一 esbusbuses,boxboxes watch-watches,wish-wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i,再加escitycities,dictionary-一dictionaries以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加esleafleaves,half-halves wife-wives,knife-knives2.大部分不规则名词变复数的构成方法(一)情形构成方法典型例词改变单数名词中man-men,woman-women,footfee
3、t的元音字母tooth-teeth,goose-geese不规单复数形式相同sheepsheep,fishfish,则deerdeer,Chinese-Chinese变化Japanese-Japanese其他形式childchildren,mouse-mice(二)1)以0为结尾的名词复数形式,加es的有:Negro,hero,potato,tomato2)复合名词的复数形式a.一般在最后一个词的词尾加-s或-es,如:schoolbag-schoolbags,tooth-brushtooth-brushes,grown-upgrown-upsb.在主体名词末加-s,如:mother-in-l
4、aw-mothers-in-law3)某国人变复数a Chinese-Chinese;a Japanese-Japanese;an Englishman-Englishmen;a Frenchman-Frenchmen;a German-Germans;an American-Americans;1an Australian-Australians;an Indian-Indians;German-Germans4)特殊形式a.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics,newsb.复数形式有时可表示特别意义的单词,如:woods森林goods货物waters水
5、域 fishes各种鱼三:不可数名词及其用法1)不可数名词没有单复数之分,常用some/any/much/a little/little/a lot of等来修饰。e.g.:some bread much meat2)如果表示具体的量,需借助量词。如:a bottle of orange Iwo bags of rice two kilos of meal a piece of bread四:名词所有格的构成及其用法1.s所有格的用法(1)表示有生命的人或动物的名词的所有格一般在词尾后加s:Uncle Wangs factory the teachers office(2)以s或es为结尾的名
6、词的所有格,只在词尾后加:boys,shoes(3)几个人共有的在最后一个名词后加:This is Lucy and Lily5s room.每个人各自所有的在每个名词后都要加:These are Lucy9s and Lilys rooms.(4)表示店铺、医院或某人家的所有格时,后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。at my uncles(home)at the Greens5(home)at the barbers(shop)at the tailors(shop)(5)由不定代词构成的复合名词和else连用时,其所有格要在else后面加飞.somebody else9 s computer2.
7、of所有格无生命的:the floor of the classroom the title of the song3.双重所有格双重所有格主语表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词a toy of the boys several toys of the childs a daughter of the old ladysa mistake of mine an invention of his五:名词的语法作用:做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语。六:常见易混名词及短语分析1.home,house,family,roomFamily指家庭,可强调家庭中的全
8、体成员;home指人们居住的地方,强调方位和环境;house 强调房屋和居住点。2.sound,voice,noise3.cause,reason4.practice,training,exercise,exercises1)It takes a lot of to play the piano well.2)He has had no college.3)You should take more exercise to keep healthy.4)Doing eye is good for youreyes.5.job,work(job指一项具体的工作,work是不可数名词)1)Tm gl
9、ad to hear that you have found a good.2)Many people were out of because of financial crisis last year.6.problem,question(problem强调困难,与之搭配的动词是solve;question强调需要回到的 2问题,与之搭配的动词是answer)7.a number of,the number of1)boys like sports.2)the students in our school is two thousand.九年级英语中考专题复习二:代词-人称代词1.分类单数复
10、数主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem2.用法主格做主语,宾格做动词或介词的宾语。注意:。在复合句中,如果主句和从句的主语相同,则代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语 用在主句中。Eg.When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.2)在简短的对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在。/后,多用宾格。Eg.-1 like English.-Me,too.-Have more wine?Not me.3.人称代词的语序1)单数人称代词并列做主语时,其顺序为:第二人称一第三人称一第一人称 You,he
11、and I should go there.2)复数人称代词并列做主语时,其顺序为:第一人称一第二人称第三人称注意:在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面:7)在承认错误,承担责任时:It was I and John that made her angry.2)在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时。I and you try to finish it.3)并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。I and he have to stay at home tonight.4)当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。I and she whose mother is a doctor will go to the p
12、arty together.二.物主代词1.分类我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/它们 的形容词 性物主 代词名词性 物主代 词2.用法1)形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。(My name is二2)名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已经提及的名词,相当于“形容词性无助代词+名词”eg,My idea is quite different from hers(her idea).3)名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语,相当于of+名词所有格,表示带有部分概念或3有一定的感情色彩。Eg.He is a friend of mine.三.反身代词1.分类单数复数第一人称mysel
13、fourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself,itselfthemselves2.用法1)做宾语,位于动词介词之后。We went to the park and enjoyed ourselves last Sunday.He learned swimming by himselves.2.做主语或宾语的同位语,此时其位置可在主语之前,也可放在句末。I myself can finish it on time.He worked out the problem himself.3.用于固定搭酉己中:help oneself to,co
14、me to oneself,teach oneself,learn by oneself,enjoy oneself,make oneself understood,make yourself at home四.不定代词1.普通不定代词some,anyfew,littlenonemany,much(so,too,as,much)either,neither(谓语动词就近一致)oneeach,every(前强调个体,指两 个或两个以上;后者强调整体,指三者或三者以上)both,allother练习:A()用 both,either,neither,all,none,any 填空。1.-Which
15、 of the two pairs of jeans do you like better?-are OK.2.You can hold the coin in your hand,lets play a game together.3.of the two answers is right.Can you come up with another one?4.There are some high mountains on sides of the river.They look fascinating.5.the teachers are strict with us,but of the
16、m are unfriendly to us.6.My parents and I are interested in sports.7.1 like Kunming best among the big cities.Its hot nor cold all year round.8.o f the parents gave up their son.They are looking for the better treatment for him.9.There is no rain in Guizhou Province these days,.10.Here is only one t
17、icket.you or he can go to the concert.2.复合不定代词NOTE:1)当句子主语是之人的复合不定代词如everybody,nobody,anyone等时,其反义疑 问句的主语通常用代词they;当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词人如everything,anything,something,nothing等时,其反义疑问句的主语通常用it.Eg.somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverythingEverybody is here,
18、arent they?Everything is ready,isnt it?2)else或是形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。Eg.Can you find anyone else?4He has something important to tell you.五.指示代词,疑问代词1.指示代词:this/that/these/those2.疑问代词疑问代词基本用法例句who作主语、表语或宾语Who are you waiting for?whom宾语With whom did you go there?whoseWho的所有格,作主语、表语、宾 语或定语I know whose pen it
19、 is.what作主语、表语、宾语或定语What are they doing?which作主语、表语、宾语或定语Which class are you in?3.i t的常用句型。1)It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.2)Its time to do/for/that.3)It seems that.4)Its ones turn to do.5)Its+adj+that 从句6)作形式宾语。Eg.Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?7)引导强调句型。It is/was+被强调部分+that/whom
20、/who+其他成分It is he who goes to school by bike every day.4.Other,the other,others,the others,another 的区别。1)other是形容词,意思是“其他的,别的”,只作定语.后面常跟复数名词或不可数名词,但如果前面有 the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his 等时跟单数名词2)the other是指两者或双方中的另一个人/物,常用于one.the other.句型。3)others是代词,单独使用,意思是“别人,别的事物”,主要表示“其余一部
21、分但不是全部”。不能做定语.用于some.others.4)the others相当于the other+可数名词复数,指一个范围内的剩余全部。5)another用作形容词或代词,指不定数目中的另一个人或物,三者或三者以上的另一个。表示“另外的”、其它的时,后接”数词+复数名词”。如:To say is one thing,to do is another.说是一回事,做是另一回事。九年级英语中考专题复习三:数词一、基数词(表示数目的词称为基数词)1)基数词的构成及读法1-12的构成为独立单词13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为不规则变
22、化20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty为不规则变化21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符-e.g.25 twenty-five三位数101-999的构成要注意百位数和十位数(个位数)之间用and连接。e.g.901 nine hundred and one英语中没有“万”这个单位,1000以上而不到100万的数词都用thousand表示百万 1,000,000:one(a)million千万 10,000,000:ten million亿 100,000,000:one(a)hundred million5十亿 1,000,000,
23、000:one(a)thousand million(等于美国英语 a billion)注:英语数字中,只有hundred后才加and2)基数词的复数形式Hundred,thousand,million和billion在表示具体数目时,不用复数形式,但在一些习惯 表达中,相当于普通名词,可有复数形式 e.g.thousands of years ago 数词复数形式还可以表示不十分精确的年龄、年代和其他表达方式e.g.He died in his fifties.二、序数词(表示顺序的词称为序数词)序数词的构成序数词多数由“基数词-th”构成,序数词前一般加定冠词the少数序数词构成属特殊情况
24、e.g.One-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth以y结尾的十位整数,先将y改为i,再加-eth e.g.thirty-thirtieth 21以上的多位数,要将末位数改为序数词,前面其他位数仍用基数词e.g.eighty-three-eighty-third nine hundred and sixty-two-nine hundred and sixty-second序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成e.g.first1st second-2nd注:有
25、时序数词并不指顺序,而是表示“再一,又一”的意思。此时序数词前要加不定冠词 e.g.I want to make a second try.三、数词的用法1)编号事物的表示编号的事物常用“名词+基数词”表示,也可用“序数词+名词”表示;如果数字较大,需用“名 词+基数词”表示住址、牌号及其他顺序号码 the ninth unitUnit 9 Bus No.l03the No.103 busWorld War II the second world war Room 305 76 Changan Street汽车牌照号码、电话号码、货币数目96178 nine six one seven eig
26、ht Tel:8742589Telephone number:eight seven four two five eight nine$5.46 five dollars forty-six cents2)时刻的表示法表示时刻用基数词表示整点可加。clock,口语中常省略e.g.Excuse me.Whats the time?Its five(oclock).表示“几点几分”有两种形式A.倒读法30分以内用“分钟数+past+钟点数”,表示几点过几分。超过30分钟用“分钟数+to+下一个钟点数”,表示到几点差几分。15分钟用a quarter,30分钟用half,不用fifteen或thir
27、ty,不可在后面加oclock。e.g.7:10 ten past seven 6:50 ten to seven 3:15 a quarter past three 5:30 half past fiveB.顺读法第一个基数词表示钟点,第二个基数词表示分钟,“分钟”可用自fteen,thirty e.g.1:15 one fifteen 10:30 ten thirty3)年、月、日、时的写法和读法 表示日期用序数词,前面加定冠词e.g.3月8日March the eighth年份一般分为两部分读,先读前两位数,再读后两位数 e.g.1949 nineteen forty-nine 以上时间
28、合在一起的写法e.g.1955 年 10 月 1 日上午 10 点 10:00 a.m.October 1st,19554)分数的表示法分数由基数词和序数词构成,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子为1的情况,序 6数词都要用复数形式。带分数中的整数用基数词表示,并用and和分数隔开。e.g.14 one-fourths 3-25 three and two-fifths5)小数、百分数的表示小数的表示 e.g.6.4 six point four 12.409 twelve point four oh nine 表示百分数用“基数词+percent(per cent)”形式 e.g.50
29、%fifty per cent6)数量表示法1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+形 容词(long,wide,high等)。表示,或者用基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。two meters long 或 two meters in length 2 米长three feet high 或 three feet in height 3 英尺高four inches wide 或 four inches in width 4 英寸宽This box is 2 kilograms
30、 in weight.这个盒子有两千克重。The city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes walk步行五分钟(的距离)Its an hours ride from my hometown to our university.从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。Its three kilometers distance from our campus to the Bell
31、 Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。3.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语 中各部分间要用连字符来连接。Its a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。Shes a sixteen-year-old girl.她是个十六岁的女孩。4.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade 摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade 或 36 摄氏
32、 36 度four degrees below zero centigrade 或-4 摄氏零下 4 度Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。5.表示“比大(或)几倍”的说法。This room is two times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年龄比他大两倍。NOTE:a
33、nother,other,more修饰数词时的用法7一、anotheranother表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时,可跟带有 few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“数词+复数名词”看作是一个整体。如:1.一Have you finished your report yet?你的报告完了吗?一No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.一没有,还需10分钟。2.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能坐下几个人。二、othe
34、r表“另夕卜的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other 要放在数词前。如:l.Mr Smith asked me to fetch three other recorders.史密斯先生让我再拿三台录音机来。2.Do you know where he found the other two photos?你知道他是在哪儿找到另外两张照片的?三、moreLmore一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。如:(1)She has got five more electric fans.她还有五台电扇。(2)One more step(One ste
35、p more),and Ill shoot you.再走一步,我就开枪打死你。(3)Where shall we be in ten more years?再过十年,我们会在什么地方呢?2.more除跟数词外,还可与a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,而且名词也可是不可数 名词。如:(1)Id like to buy a ffew more copies of English Weekly.我想再买几份英语周报。(2)There are many more dictionaries on the desk.课桌上有许多词典。(3)Would you like so
36、me more tea?再喝点茶好吗?九年级英语中考专题复习四:冠词一.冠词概述冠词是虚词,分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。,a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是 元音字母)开头的词前。例如:a boy,a university,a european country;三.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有。ne强烈。4.表示每一,相当于every.例如,i go to school five days
37、 a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前,表示又一再一。例如,i have three books,i want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。6用在某些固定词组中:alot(of)许多,大量;after a while过一会儿四.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物eg:open the window,please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。eg:I have a car,the car is red.4.指世界上独一无二的事物。例如:which is bigger,t
38、he sun or the earth?5用在序数词,形容词最高级前。例如:the first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一 8课是这本书最简单的一课。6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。eg,the great wall长城,the united states7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人或夫妻俩。例如:the greens格林一家或格林夫 妻俩9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间10.用在乐器
39、名称前。例如:she plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如:the black sea黑海,the yangzi river 长江12.用在某些固定词组中:all the same 仍然;all the time 一直;at the moment 此刻;at the same time 同时;by the way 顺便说;do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服;in the moming/aftemoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air在户外,在
40、野外五.零冠词的用法1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如,class two二班,tiaifan men square天安门广场,water 水2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。例如 my book(iE);my the book(误)3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如,they are teachers.他们是老师。tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。例如:on sunday在周日,in march在三月,in s
41、pring 在春天,on womens day 在妇女节(特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:he joined the army in the spring of 1982他在 1982 年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:tom汤姆,mum妈妈6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:i have lunch at school every day.特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。where5s the football?那只足球在哪儿?
42、(指足球,并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:no.25 middle school8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘汽车;by bike骑/坐自行 车;by train 乘火车;by air/plane 乘飞机;by sea/ship 乘船,但 take a bus,in a boat,on the bike 前需用冠词(2)名词词组:day and night 日日夜夜;brother and sister 兄弟姐妹;hour after hour 时时刻 刻;here and there
43、 到处(3)介词词组:at home 在家;in surprise 惊奇地;at noon 在中午;on foot 步行;at night 在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time准时;for example例如;in class在上课;on show展览;in bed在床上(4)go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳伐U船/钓鱼 六.有无不用冠词的差异in hospital 住院/in the hosp
44、ital 在医院里go to sea 出海/go to the sea 去海边9on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上in front of在.(外部的)前面/in the front of在.(内部的)前面take place 发生/take the place(of)代替at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in future从今以后,将来/in the future未来go to school(church.)上学(做礼拜.)/go to the school(church.)到学校(教堂)去on hor
45、seback 骑着马/on the horseback 在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的next year 明年/the next year 第二年a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位作家(两个人)NOTE:当名词被其他词修饰时,不定冠词a或an的位置应注意。1)当名词被such,half,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词以后。2)当名词前面
46、的形容词有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,或every时,不定冠词置于它们之后。九年级英语中考专题复习五:形容词和副词一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,it s a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,he looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其 后。例如,would you like something hot to drink?4.表示长、宽、高、
47、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,how long is the river?it,s about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive 活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,my elder brother is in be
48、ijing.(iE)my brother is elder.(误)7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的english-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time 全日制的;well-known 众所周知的;kind-hearted 善良的;man-made 人造的;take-away 可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新 旧,长幼,
49、颜色)出处材料性质类别名词10a small round table 一张小圆桌a tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a famous american medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型1.“it,s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒
50、惰的),careful(细 心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,it s very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。its very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。it s foolish of him to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻 了。2.“it s+a