2023新高考英语模拟试题及答案.pdf

2023年新高考英语模拟试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALocated beside Lake Geneva,the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics.Here are some of the museums most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park,an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and the Alps.The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe“Olympic Rings“flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913.The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics:Africa,Asia,America,Australia and Europe.The six colors include at least one color that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship.Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums past and present,including one of the games5 most attractive stadiums,the Birds Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like?The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze,silver,and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modem Olympics of 1896.Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.21.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.22.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modem Olympics took place in Greece.B.There are six colors on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The Olympic Rings flag was created in 1913.23.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view of Lake Geneva B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Birds Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.【答案】21-23 ADC【解析】这是一篇应用文。位于日内瓦湖畔的奥林匹克博物馆收藏了一万多 件人造物品和数小时的互动内容，突出了奥运会期间的一些最佳时刻。短文对此 进行了介绍。21.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The joumey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park,an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and the Alps.（穿越奥林匹克博物馆的旅程从奥 林匹克公园开始，这是一个位于博物馆前的8000平方米的户外区域，可以俯瞰 日内瓦湖和阿尔卑斯山）”可知，游览奥林匹克博物馆时，你首先看到的是奥林 匹克公园。故选A。22.细节理解题。根据第三段中The 01ympic Rings”flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913.（“奥林匹克五环”旗是顾拜旦于1913年设计的）”可知，“奥 林匹克五环”旗是1913年设计的。故选D。23.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums5 past and present,including one of the games most attractive stadiums,the Birds Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.（客人可以探索奥运场馆过去 和现在的规划和模式，包括奥运会最具吸引力的场馆之一，北京2008年奥运会 的鸟巢）”可知，你能在体育馆里欣赏鸟巢模型。故选C。BBuilding team spirit is always the key point of what I try to do as a manager.When I first went to Crystal Palace,players would finish training and then go straight home.There was no atmosphere.So we brought in a pool table and fruit machines.When players choose to spend time together,it creates a better atmosphere.The team spirit is very important,but I dont believe in motivating the team as a team.I dont give team talks.I try to motivate the team as individuals.I speak to the players individually and try not to put too much pressure on anyone.I believe players perform best when they are relaxed.If theyre too tense,I can guarantee they won*t play well.I also believe in giving people autonomy.I like all the people who work fbr me to be autonomous.I very rarely interfere（干涉）.I feel people should be judged on their results.If they prove incompetent,then Im incompetent if I continue employing them.Its like that with the team.I get criticized for not interfering during a game and for not making more replacements.But I feel if Ive chosen those 11 players to get a result,then I should leave them alone to get on with it.If Im dropping a player from the team,I dont feel I have to explain it to them.If they want to discuss it,Ill say,“Come back and talk about it in a couple of daysBut I dont try to remotivate them.Its up to them to have the character to fight their way back to the team.Tm a great believer that almost everything you achieve in life is due to your attitude.If I have a player who is excellently gifted but has a terrible attitude,I wont waste my time on them.24.According to the author,what is crucial for a team?A.Enough training.B.Team spirit.C.A good manager.D.A better game atmosphere.25.What does the author want his players to do?A.Spend most of their time together.B.Speak to him if they feel tense.C.Try to play hard in a game.D.Become autonomous and competent.26.Why wont the author give the reason if he drops a player?A.He thinks it is unrespectable.B.He decides to give up on that player.C.He wants to talk with the player in private.D.He wants the player to take a positive attitude towards work.27.Which of the following best describes the author?A.Ambitious and sensitive.B.Determined and honest.C.Wise and responsible.D.Warm-hearted and demanding.【答案】24-27 BDDC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己管理团队的方式和想法。24.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Building team spirit is always the key point of what I try to do as a manager.（作为一名管理者，建立团队精神一直是我努力做的 事情的关键。）”可知，作者认为团队精神对一个团队来说是至关重要。故选B 项。25.细节理解题。根据第二段中“I also believe in giving people autonomy.I like all the people who work fbr me to be autonomous.I very rarely interfere（干涉）.I feel people should be judged on their results.If they prove incompetent,then Im incompetent if I continue employing them.（我也相信给予人们自主权。我喜欢所有 为我工作的人都是自主的。我很少干涉。我觉得应该以成绩来评判一个人。如果 他们不能胜任，那我就不能继续雇佣他们。）”可知，作者希望他的球员变得自 主和有能力。故选D项。26.推理判断题。根据第三段中“But I dont try to remotivate them.It5s up to them to have the character to fight their way back to the team.Im a great believer that almost everything you achieve in life is due to your attitude.（但我不会试图去再 次激励他们。这取决于他们是否让角色通过战斗回到团队中。我坚信生活中几乎 所有的成就都归功于你的态度。）”可推知，作者不给出他放弃球员的原因是他 希望球员能以积极的态度对待工作。故选D项。27.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Building team spirit is always the key point of what I try to do as a manager.（作为一名管理者，建立团队精神一直是我努力做的 事情的重点。）”可知作者是负责任的；根据第二段中“I dont give team talks.I try to motivate the team as individuals.I speak to the players individually and try not to put too much pressure on anyone.I believe players perform best when they are relaxed.（我不做团队演讲。我试着激励整个团队。我和球员们单独交谈，尽量不 给任何人太多的压力。我相信球员在放松的时候表现最好。）”和“Tm a great believer that almost everything you achieve in life is due to your attitude.If I have a player who is excellently gifted but has a terrible attitude,I wont waste my time on them.（我坚信生活中几乎所有的成就都归功于你的态度。如果我有一个很有天赋 但态度很糟糕的球员，我不会在他们身上浪费时间。）”可知作者是明智的。因 此，可用“明智和负责任”来描述作者。故选C项。CTheyre not the worlds tallest or longest bridges,but a string of river crossings made from tree roots are engineering wonders that contain lessons for modem architects.The town of Cherrapunji in the Khasi Hills is credited with the world record fbr annual rainfall of over 75 feet!And in this rainy,wet climate,the rubber fig tree grows with abandon.The tree has a secondary root system that grows up above the ground floor and lets the tree easily grow on top of big stones and even out in the middle of streams.Long ago,the Khasis,a tribe in Meghalaya region,realized they could make use of these roots to their own advantage.By controlling and directing the secondary roots,they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.To make a tree grow in a certain direction,the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got rid of,as a guidance system.The thin,tender roots of the rubber tree are placed so they grow in the direction of the tree trunk rather than fanning out.Eventually,the roots reach the other side of the river and grow into the soil.This process can take well over a decade before the bridge is fully functional and then over time the bridge grows and strengthens.Rocks are placed along the bridges sides to improve the footpaths.Some of these bridges are over 100 feet long and can even support the weight of fifty or-more people at a time.These bridges are used daily by the people of the villages around Cherrapunji and a few are thought to be more than 500 years old.There is even a double decker bridge,known as the“Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge”,which features two bridges grown right on top of each other.It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind.28.What do we know about the bridges in Meghalaya?A.They resemble the fig tree roots.B.They5re works of modem architects.C.They take a very short time to build.D.Theyre constructed by the villagers.29.How is a betel nut tree used in building the bridges?A.It plays the role of a guide.B.It bears the weight of the bridge.C.It protects the surface of the bridge.D.It delivers materials across the river.30.What does the third paragraph mainly describe?A.A complex system.B.A construction process.C.A scientific theory.D.A natural landscape.31.What makes the Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge unusual?A.Its history.B.Its material.C.Its shape.D.Its length.【答案】28-31 DABC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度的乞拉朋齐镇是地球上最 潮湿的地方之一。因为气候极端，建造传统的桥梁几乎是不可行的。但乞拉朋齐 的卡西族部落找到了一个解决办法，让桥自己“长出来”。28.细节理解题。根据第二段中的By controlling and directing the secondary roots,they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.（通过控制和引导次级根，他们创造了强大的活桥梁，用它自己 跨越小溪和河流。）”可知，这些桥都是在部落里的村民们的帮助下“长出来”的。故选D。29.细节理解题。根据第三段的“the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree,whose middle is got rid of,as a guidance system.（这个部落的人用槟榔树的树 干，它的中间被去掉了，作为一个引导系统）”可知，在这些桥的形成过程中，槟榔树的树干起到了引导树根桥方向的导向作用。故选A。30.段落大意题。根据本段的首句To make a tree grow in a certain direction,the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got rid as a guidance system.（为了使树木向一定的方向生长，该部落用去掉中间的槟榔树 的树干作为引导系统。）”并结合本段的内容可知，该段主要叙述了这些树根桥 的形成过程。故选B。31.细节理解题。根据最后一段的There is even a double decker bridge,known as the Umshiang Double-Decker Rout Bridge,which features two bridges grown right on top of each other.It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind.（这里 甚至还有一座双层桥，被称为“乌姆香双层桥”，它的特点是两座桥相互叠在一 起。它被认为是同类桥梁中唯一的一座。）”可知，这座桥的奇特之处在于它的“形状”与众不同，是一座由树根形成的双层桥。故选C。DBecoming a parent brings out the best in many animals.Although parenting is usually left to the females,males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring.Take anemone fish（海葵鱼）for example.In finding Nemo,Marlin swims over 1,000 miles from the Great Barrier Reef to Sydney to rescue his son Nemo,who has been caught by divers.In reality,anemone fish rarely move so far away from their home.Despite their smaller size,the males help the females defend the nest,but only the male anemone fish take care of it.They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean.They also put a lot of effort in building the nest.The eggs take about five days to hatch.During this important period,dads fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish.They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria.One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks（刺鱼）,who form organized groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.Males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest.Once the fish grow up,they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away.The dad swims after them,picks them up in his mouth,and spits them back into his nest.Eventually,he gets to the point where he cant keep track of them and thats when they separate.Doting（溺爱的）fathers are not restricted to the world of fish.In some poison frog species,the dads also warn the moms when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.Its generally believed that moms are the caregivers.In fish and frogs,its actually more common fbr the dads to provide care.32.What does the underlined word“offtpring“in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.33.What can we infer about male anemone fish?A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.B.They are much larger than female anemone fish.C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.D.They frequently make attacks on other fishes.34.What does it mean when the dad cant track its young fish?A.The dad cant tend to the young fish.B.The young fish are already independent.C.The living environment is worse.D.The dad is in a state of aging.35.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Model Father in the Animal KingdomB.The New Role of the Male Anemone FishC.The Really Caring Caregivers in LifeD.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature【答案】32-35 ACBA【解析】本文为说明文。文章讲述了为人父母后，雄性动物也会不遗余力地 照顾后代，并且以雄性海葵鱼为例，说明它是动物王国里的模范父亲。32.词义猜测题。根据第一段“Although parenting is usually left to the females,males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring.（虽然养育后 代的工作通常是由雌性完成的，但许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾 offspring）”，由语境以及“parenting”“care fbr”可推测，许多物种的雄性也 会不遗余力地照顾后代，因此offspring意为后代，孩子。故选A项。33.推理判断题。第二段说明雄性海葵鱼花很多精力筑巢，保护巢穴，给巢 穴提供源源不断的氧气，保持周围环境的清洁；第三段说明了雄性海葵鱼在卵孵 化期间保持卵蛋的清洁，保护他它们不被吃掉；第四段雄性保护新生的鱼，并把 那些离巢太远的鱼带回来。由以上推测出，雄性海葵鱼实际上是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。34.细节理解题。根据第四段“Once the fish grow up,they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away.The dad swims after them,picks them up in his mouth,and spits them back into his nest.Eventually,he gets to the point where he cant keep track of them and thats when they separate.（一旦鱼长大了，它们就 会变得更加独立，开始游走。爸爸在它们后面游泳，用嘴叼起它们，然后把它们 吐回巢里。最终，他无法跟踪他们，于是他们分开了。）”可知，雄性海葵鱼找 不到小鱼，这意味着小鱼长大，独立了。故选B项。35.主旨大意题。根据全文以及第一段“Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals.Although parenting is usually left to the females,males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring.Take anemone fish for example.（为人父母激发出了许多动物最好的一面。虽然养育后代的工作通常是由雌性完 成的，但许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾后代。以海葵鱼为例）”可知，文 章讲述了为人父母后，雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代，并且以雄性海葵鱼为 例，说明它是动物王国里的模范父亲。所以短文的最佳标题为“动物王国里的模 范父亲”。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。The common cold is a top reason fbr missed work and school days._36_,butstudies from the last several years show some supplements containing zink（锌）can help shorten the duration of cold signs by up to 40%.Zinc wasnt admitted as an important mineral fbr human health until the 1970s,thanks to the work of Dr Ananda Prasad.Back in the 1960s Prasad was studying a group of young men in Egypt who hadnt grown to normal heights and remained underdeveloped in other ways,too.When Prasad gave them zinc sweets,the men grew significantly taller unexpectedly._37_.Finally,in the 1970s,the NationalAcademy of Sciences（NAS）declared zinc an important mineral,key to many aspects of cell metabolism（新陈代谢）._38_ 一 so he figured it might help against the common cold.To test this theory,he cooperated with James T.Fitzgerald,a scientist of the University of Michigan.They identified participants who had developed colds and gave them zinc sweets._39_.Thafs great news.However,zinc cold products sold at drugstores often contain multiple ingredients（成分）that can affect the zincs effectiveness.For instance,the products shouldnt cont