历年（2003～2013）职称英语理工类A级历年真题及答案解析.pdf

：。目 录2003年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.12004年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.112005年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.232006年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.392007年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.512008年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.602009年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.722010年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.902011年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.1152012年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.1322013年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.1432003年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析第一部分：词汇选项（第1一15题，每题1分，共15分）第1页共156页下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给 的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置 上。1.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explained B invented C considered D accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavy B strong C kind D wild3.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A making B taking C discussing D expecting4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A waste B buy C use D sell5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A function B ability C power D volume6.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supported B excited C inspired D directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history.A clean B perfect C real D brief9.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggested B warned C stated D confirmed10.The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.A began B continued C ended D resumed11.Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A sign B substitute C proof D target12.However bad the situation is,the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctant B eager C pleased D angry13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limit B control C replace D offset14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas fbr post-war reconstruction of the area.A deny B investigate C stress D create15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A gradually B suddenly C excessively D exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在 答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。A Dolphin and an AstronomerOne day in 1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Carl Sagan,were playing a little game.The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins 第2页共156页communicate with each other.Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly,highly intelligent creatures were kept.Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before.Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting.Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word more”.The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.4Oh,yes.Thats one of the words he knows,5 the director said,showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have,and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds.What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger.Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphin than in humans.But can it be said that dolphins have a language,in the real sense of the word?Scientists dont agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words.A language has a structure and what we call a grammar.The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning.For example,the two questions“Who loves Mary?and Who does Mary love?mean very different things.If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesnt come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure.That is why the question“Can dolphins speak?cant be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.16 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 P arts of the dolphins brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中 为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项 中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight.Being locked in a small room called a 4calorimeter5（热量测量室）is one way to 第3页共156页find out.1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply Chamber One,and“Chamber Two”.These are the calorimeters:4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science.Outside these rooms another sign reads“P lease do not enter-work in progress and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.Each day,meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who,over the past eight months,have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter.Tall and slim,Nicola does not have a weight problem,but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme.A self-employed community dance worker,she was able to fit the experiment in around her work.She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise,she thought she would help out.3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room.This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks.She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured.Her every move was noted too,her daily exercise routine timed to the last second.At regular intervals,after eating,she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room.“The first time,I only took one video and a book,but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“says Nicola.And twice a day she used the exercise bike.She pedaled()for half an hour,watched by researchers to make sure she didnt go too fast.5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more,while others satisfy you quickly.Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full.Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat,the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet.Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.A What does the calorimeter look like inside?B What program was designed fbr the experiment?C What is a calorimeter?D What is the first impression?E How do the volunteers kill the time?F Why did Nicola join in the experiments?23 P aragraph 1_24 P aragraph 125 P aragraph 1_26 P aragraph 1_27 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything.28 Nicola Walters had time fbr the experiments.29 Vblunteers have to get prepared fbr the time in the calorimeter.30 The experiments show that high-fat diets.第4页共156页A the volunteers doB because she does not have a weight problemC because the life there can be very boringD make people overeatE because she was her own bossF after passing a high-protein test第4部分：阅读理解（第315题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第.篇Salty Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water.Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences,have spent several years researching how crops,such as rice,could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions.The aim is to breed this capability into crops,starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares（公顷）of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts（妨碍生长）plants.The problem is caused by several factors.In the tropics,mangroves（红树林）that create swamps（沼泽）and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down.In the Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowing sea water to seep（渗透）in.in Latin America,irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated（蒸发）by the heat,leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth.They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics fbr surviving salty soil are known,Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants.Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?A They are students at Sussex University.B They are rice breeders.C They are husband and wifeD They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeA to find ways to prevent water pollution.B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C to breed rice plants that taste salty.第5页共156页D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B The water table has gone down after droughts.C Sea level has been continuously rising.D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.34 The word“afifect“in P aragraph 6 could be best replaced byA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D present”35 The attitude of the author towards the research project isA positiveB negative.C suspiciousD indifferent.第二篇 Living with ComputerAfter too long on the Net,even a phone call can be a shock.My boyfriend Liverpudian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen;a secretarys tone seems more rejecting than Id imagined it would be.Time itself becomes fluid-hours become minutes,and alternately seconds stretch into days.Weekends,once a highlight of my week,are now just two ordinary days.For the last three years,since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose,I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter（远程交谈者）.I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists.My boyfriends lives in England,so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.If I desired,I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything.I can order food,and manage my money,love and work.In fact,at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home,going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries.I watched most of the blizzard（暴风雪）of 96 on TVBut after a while,life itself begins to feel unreal.I start to feel as though Fve merged with my machines,taking data in,spitting them back out,just another node（节点）on the Net.Others on line report the same symptoms.We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing.Its like attending an A.A.meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half sipped drink.We have become the Net opponents?worst nightmare.What first seemed like a luxury,crawling from bed to computer,not worrying about hair,and clothes and face,has become an avoidance,a lack of discipline.And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction（网上交流），coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.At times,I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background,something that rd never done previously.The voices of the programs soothe（安慰）me,but then P m jarred（使感 不快）by the commercials.I find myself sucked in by soap operas,or compulsively（强制性地）第6页共156页needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather.Dateline,“Frontline,“Nightline,“CNN,every possible angle of every story over and over and over,even when they are of no possible use to me.Work movers from foreground to background.36 Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen,his accent isA obscure.B distinct.C unreal.D misleading.37 The passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live inA England.B different countries.C the same city.D the same country.38 Living alone in a house,the writer seems toA have totally forgotten her work.B be afraid of her neighbors.C get some comfort from TV programs.D have gone crazy.39 We learn from the passage that the writerA is fed up with the Net opponents.B prefers people to the computer.C is addicted to the computer.D does not like human contact.40 The phrase“coming back out of the cave“in the fifth paragraph meansA“coming back home.B“giving up the present job,5.C“living a luxuriousD“restoring real human contact”.第三篇 The Body ClockWhy is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York?The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology.Deep inside the brain there is a clock that governs every aspect of the bodys functioning:sleep and wake cycles,levels of alertness,performance,mood,hormone levels,digestion,body temperature and so on.It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.The body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day,between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm.Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.One of the major causes of the travellers5 malady known as jet lag is the non-alignmen