考研英语写作高分策略.pdf

考研英语写作高分策略引言 Tom,ten years old,was failing maths.His parents tried everything to get him to do well in school,but in vain.Finally they enrolled him in a Catholic school.From the first day,Tom spent every night poring over his books.When his first report card arrived home,he had received an A in mathematics.r Son J the father asked,“what made the difference?The nuns?The textbooks?”Id never taken maths seriously before Tom admitted,but when I walked in and saw that guy nailed to the plus sign,I knew this place meant business.-From Readers Digestr三大纪律，八项注意r纪律一:“死去活来”r一、爱考研英语作文_ Pygmalion Effect Rosenthal,R.&Jacobson,L.(1968,1992)I love English.I love NETEM(National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates).r八写作提高三“步曲 死背一 改写一 活用 Practice makes perfect.r纪律二：表达内容有钱能做很多事情。Have money can do many things.Having money can do many things.We can do many things with money/if we are rich.It goes without saying that we can do many things with putergames.-负迁移：Thereare50studentsplay-正迁移：Iloveyou.特性教育.。程工，1999,语言共性论，上海外语共性纪律三：英语VS.汉语rr王红(2002)在抽样的30篇作文里，所发现的学生的错误有 284个和母语干扰有关，占全部398个错误的 2/3以上。r一、英语：形合；汉语：意合英语：形合（“借助形态和形式词来表示词间、小句间和句子间的关系”，周志培，2003,p.34）汉语：意合（“不借助形态和形式词，靠词语 与句子本身意义上的连贯与逻辑顺序而实现的 连接”,周志培，2003,p.34）r形态词internationalization tinternationalizeinternationalist,internationalism-international-internationalW internationallytinternationalenation-*nation-hood,nation-state,nation-wideInationally,nationality*-national-*nationalize,nationalization,nationalism!nationalistInationalistic nationalisticallyr形式词情有可原罪不可赦罪不可赦情有可原八英语：繁复；汉语：简单 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自 然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序 的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。r比较:The picture has a snake.The picture has a cat.The cat and snake are crying.They are going to be eaten by people.As is vividly depicted in the cartoon,both the cat and the snake are on the table,with tears in their eyes,waiting to be eaten by humans.三、英语：形聚神聚；汉语：形散神 聚睡时，灯是不敢点的，她怕楼上的灯光招惹是 非，也希冀眼前干净些，完全一片黑。（叶圣 陶夜）When she went to bed she dared not light the lamp for fear the light upstairs would attract attention and cause trouble,besides,she preferred to see nothing,to be in sheer darkness.（周志培，2003,p.174）r2003年作文r Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should describe the set of drawings,interpret its meaning,and point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)20分例文 It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China:how to educate and cultivate the young.Lets take a close1rlook at the drawings.In an ideal condition,the flower blooms.But when moved out of the green house,it perishes under the rain and storm.It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse cant withstand wind and rains.r Nowadays the young generation in China,like the flower in the greenhouse,live under the full protection from their parents.Parents want to show all their love to their children.They give their children all the best things they can afford and do not let their children do anything at home.Self-centeredness and arbitrariness have become a trait of the young generation.Once leaving their parents,many young people cannot make a living of their own.They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot face any hardships and difficulties.r Children education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by education experts,but xlso by people in all walks of life.The failure of children education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to children themselves.Thus,its high time that parents,educators and the government made concerted efforts to put an end to this situation.r注意一：选词要精 I think?I believe/argue/hold/insist/maintain.As far as I am concerned/When it comes to me/ln my opinion/ln my view.It goes without saying that/There is no denying the fact that.r王立非，张岩，2007,p.110中国学生英语本族语者ThinkMakeMakeSeeGetUseMailTakeLearnFeelHyland,306,p.61Phrases in a HK Learner Corpus Frequency of phrases per 50,000 wordsL2 student textsL1 student textsPublished articlesIn this case0916It has also been085It can be seen that084An example of this is083This is not to say that072rL2 student textsL1 student textsPublished articlesFirst of all17015On the other hand2393130As we/you know11823In my opinion110120All in all5920精选词汇 mad cow disease BSE bovino spongiform encephalopathy（牛海绵 状脑病）r注意二：句型多变r、定语从句（限定性和非限定性）As is shown/demonstrated/illustrated/depicted/described.in the cartoon/picture.,There are many reasons why people make insincere commitments,but.The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.r八主语从句 What you have done for us will be in our memory forever.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.It is known to all that.It is generally believed that It goes without saying that.It is universally acknowledged that.r日积月累 It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.-Pride and Prejudicer二宾语从句 They believe that the central government s decision to develop the western part of the country and the success of Beijing Js bid to host the 2008 Olympics will open up further opportunities for the countrys development.Experience from foreign countries suggests that no aircraft manufacturers can survive depending only on their domestic market.r四、表语从句 This is where she lived when she was young.Quality is what counts most.The problem is not who w川 go,but who w川 stay.五、状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等）Whatever the reason,there are still some problems with student use of computers.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children,we find ourselves describing their environment as well.r六、分词短语做定语或状语 The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor.(From Hu Jintaos report delivered at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)r七、被动句 Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.Many people believe that.(It is believed that.)The government and the public should pay enough attention to.(Enough attention should be paid to.from both the government and the public.)r八、设问句 Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?Should we 也st stand by and watch this situation worsen day by day?r九、倒装句 Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.Only through intensive education and selfdiscipline from young people can the youth have a desired attitude toward idols.r十、强调句 It is this perspective that we must take to form a balanced view on the world around us.It is the government that is responsible for providing job opportunities for the young.r如何对待“万能句型”rDirections:Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)r As we can see from the picture,a football match is going on.On guarding the door,the left man seems to be keeping a“huge door”that is easy and inevitable for a goal,while the right person hesitates to kick the ball with an 川usion about the“huge door keeper：It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.This photo does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now.The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with.Superficially,it seems to be somewhat reasonable,but when weighing in the mind,we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon:the lack of confidence.r Firstly,it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties.We can do nothing but face them.Secondly,attitude is the key point to take the first step.Assume bravery and confidence to solve the problem,you will find the question is not as“huge”as you imagine.r Take us for example,the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us.Some people may give up,some persist.So,with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties,try and exert your strength,and then we will overcome all problems.On the whole believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner.And nothing is impossible,just do it.r注意三：段落结构rr王之焕登鹳雀楼 白日依山尽一首句一启一春之生 黄河入海流一次句一承一夏之住 欲穷千里目一三句一转一秋之异 更上一层楼一四句一合一冬之灭红楼梦贾家的四个小姐（傅道彬，1996）元春:迎春:承；探春:贾府的保护伞，是大观园的创基者；有木Y头之称，凡事无可无不可，她是探与叹谐音，因此她的主要性格体现在贾府处于变异时期，一展身手；惜春：则是息，是停止，只在最后才真正出 场，她是富于总结性的人物。r字数分配r开头段 主题句；展开句（12句）；小结句。r中间段的展开方法r1、列举法(Listing)first,second,third.last firstly,secondly,thirdly.finally to begin with,whafs more,in the end first of all,then,next,moreover,furthermore.in the first place,in the second place,last but not leastr2、举例法(Exemplification)for example,for instance,such as,like a good case in point is.There are many examples to prove.Here I will cite just a few.There is enough/convincing/sufficient evidence to prove.Take.as an example.3、比较对比法(Comparison and Contrast)just as,in comparison,like,similarly,likewise,correspondingly,similar to in contrast,on the other hand,on the contrary,unlike,whereas,but,however,yet,while There are some similarities/differences between.have something/little in common with.r4、因果法(Cause and Effect)because,because of,since,now that,owing to,due to cause,result in,lead to,therefore,thus,consequently,as a result,as a consequence The reasons why.can be traced to.The causes for.are as follows.结尾段r1、解决问题，展望未来（2005年）As far as I am concerned,we should do something to prevent such an evil phenomenon from happening again.To begin with,all the society should condemn such a wrongdoing and these children should be punished by law.Whats more,every citizen must realize it is our duty to support our parents when they are old.Only with the joint efforts can we hope to solve this problem.r2000年 Therefore,it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For ose thing,we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing.For another,we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are vital to our survival.Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources.Also believe that we human beings can overcome this difficulty,and we will have a bright future.2002年 As Chinese citizens,we should respect our own national culture and learn useful things from the cultures of different nations,which will enable us to make great progress in many ways.I believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote cultural development both nationally and internationally.2、总结归纳（1998年）I dare say that our society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally.But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one could survive the intense competition in the market economy.They should remember the old saying,“Honesty is the best policy：r2001 年 So to sum up,we should offer our help to all who are in need.We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others.I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.r注意四：文章脉络清晰花3 0 0元儆小贝头”把崇拜写在脸I：As is vividly described in the two pictures,many young people are fans of stars and they try every means to show their adoration.The first photo shows a face of a guy who has the name“Beckham”一a famous British footballer written on his face,while in the second picture another guy spends 300 yuana big sum of money for many people doing a hairstyle of Beckham.The photos clearly reveal a serious and pervasive social problem nowadays.First of all,there is no denying that many youngsters want to be famous or rich overnight,therefore their focus is only on the success of the superstars,ignoring the fact that the famous people have to overcome many hardships and difficulties before they attain their success.A case in point is Beckham or Liu Xiang.Whats more,following the footsteps of superstars will waste the youngsters precious time.They are at a prime time to learn new knowledge and lay a solid foundation for their future career.Sheer adoration of stars will ruin their study and their future.r Last but not least,some stars are not the ideal idols for young people,for example,the famous footballer Maradona used to abuse drugs.This,of course,has a negative effect on the development of the young people.r In my point of view,effective measures must be taken to correct this situation.It is the responsibility of the authorities to educate the young people to achieve success in a correct way.Meanwhile,the younger generation should redirect their adoration for stars to hard work,thus making greater contributions to the society.r注意五：题材r一、问题解决型1、1997世界烟草总产量世界吸烟人口比例I4X.64/蝴 亿，均“断世琳人口谢化，K中烟比心IIUI94 I 颊世界每年吸烟损失2000亿矣元300万人r2、1998如此承诺各行各业共7衣诺 欢迎监督不推托 原本皆为份内事3、1999U.S.POPULATION GROWTH OVER TIME4、2000A Brief Hhlon*of World Comrnerdal Ribing5、20036、20057、2006把崇拜写在脸I：花3 0 0元做小贝头”r二、积极弘扬型1、20012、2002An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）3、2004Section IV Wee“DirrcliMS;7M the fc!Soin(dnacfulh sJ wntc wi u wterh/3,1*Ae nbe 但 3yB.J.1tfpm n cfb m!力 ercc?%Yem shoutd write about 2Wi words newly 皿 ANSWER SHEET Z(20 palrriM终点又是新起启r三、客观分析型1、2006把崇拜写花脸I：花3 0 0元做.小贝头2、2007r注意六：体裁论说文 r注意七：卷面 一、拼写正确 二、书写工整，清晰易读r注意八：杜绝低级错误 Is our children learning?Our childrens do learn.George W.Bush I is a student.We must did something.“木桶理论”r三大纪律 一、练习“死去活来”;二、表达优先；三、英语的归英语。r八项注意.材裁面错 词句段文题体卷少、一二三四五六七八r更多信心？！r2001 Among all the worthy feelings of mankind,love is probably the noblest,but everyone has his/her understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper tor 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2)give a specific example,and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.r It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about.This is true not only in China but also in other countries.Wv live in different countries,speak different languages,but love is something common to us all.But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries.This is something we should give more thought to.r As shown in the picture,love is like a lamp which shines brightest in dark places.This tells us a simple truth:Love is like a lamp.It is most valuable when it is most needed.For example,once I saw a foreign lady get lost in the stre