百部止咳作用研究进展.pdf

263百部止咳作用研究进展百部止咳作用研究进展何石燕，王孝勋*（广西中医药大学，广西 南宁 530200）基金项目：壮瑶药协同创新中心（桂教科研201320号）、广西壮瑶药重点实验室（桂科基字201432号）、广西壮族自治区民族药资源与应用工程研究中心（桂发改高技函20202605号）、广西中医药重点学科壮药学（GZXK-Z-20-64）第一作者：何石燕，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为中药品种、质量及资源开发*通讯作者：王孝勋，研究员，博士，研究方向为中药品种、质量及资源开发【摘 要】中药百部作为中医治疗肺系疾病的常用药，具有温润肺气、止咳和杀虫灭虱等功效。近代研究表明，百部治疗咳喘的效果较好，外感、内伤、暴咳、久嗽等皆可用之，如急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、百日咳及肺结核等。本文就百部在止咳作用的研究进展做概述，挖掘其止咳作用的机制，使之能更好地服务于临床和药物研发。【关键词】百部；止咳作用；研究进展Research progress of stemona antitussive effectHe Shiyan，Wang Xiaoxun*（Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine，Nanning 530200）【Abstract】Stemona as a traditional Chinese medicine is commonly used for the treatment of lung diseases with the effects of moistening lung Qi，relieving cough and killing insects.Modern research shows that stemona has certain therapeutic effects on cough and asthma，such as acute and chronic bronchitis，whooping cough and tuberculosis.This article briefly summarizes the basic research results of stemona for the treatment of relieving cough in recent years，and explores its mechanism of action so that it can better serve clinical and drug research and development.【Keywords】Stemona；antitussive effect；research progress百部（Stemonae）又名嗽药、百条根、野天门冬、百奶、九虫根等，为百部科植物直立百部Stemona sessilifolia（Miq.）Miq.、蔓生百部Stemona japonica（Bl.）Miq.或对叶百部Stemona tuberosa Lour.的干燥块根，最早收录于名医别录，有温润肺气、止咳和杀虫灭虱等功效。近代研究表明，百部治疗咳喘的效果较好，外感、内伤、暴咳、久嗽等皆可用之，如急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、百日咳及肺结核等。本文就百部在止咳作用的研究进展做概述，挖掘其止咳作用的机制，使之能更好地服务于临床和药物研发。1 历史渊源百部最早记载于陶弘景名医别录，因“山野处处有，根数十相连，似天门冬而苦强”得名。本草纲目中说到：“其根多者百十相连属，如步伍然，故以名之”。杨氏经验方中药志闽东本草江苏植药志等都有其收载。主产于陕西、山东、安徽、江苏等地，近年发现其主要产地为百色、河池、桂林等地，对叶百部逐渐成为广西大宗药材之一。2 性味归经百部性味甘苦温，善入肺经。名医别录言其“微温”；本草纲目载：“百部气温而不寒”；本草纲要记载百部：“甘苦温”。3 功效主治百部有温润肺气、止咳、杀虫之功效。内服可治疗风寒咳嗽及新旧咳嗽、肺痨咳嗽、百日咳、肺结核，老年咳喘等；外用可治疗头虱、体虱、蛲虫病、阴痒等病症。别录：“主咳嗽上气”。陶弘景认为：“百部火炙酒渍，饮之疗咳嗽”。外台秘要记载：“百部，切，熬，疗积年咳”。清代握灵本草中记载：其他研究其他研究Identification&SourceGendingSwhyenz 264“百部炒，蜜丸，治小儿咳嗽”。4 百部止咳作用的现代研究4.1 百部的化学成分百部的主要活性成分为生物碱类、联苯类化合物和对百部醇等，而非生物碱主要包括蛋白质、氨基酸、香豆素、多糖、有机酸等成分。百部中的生物碱代表着一类具有吡咯并氮杂薁母核（pyrrolo1，2-azepine nucleus）独特结构的天然产物，通称为百部生物碱，也是其起止咳作用的主要活性成分。4.2 百部的药理作用4.2.1 止咳作用百部生物碱能降低呼吸中枢的兴奋性，抑制咳嗽反射，因而具有镇咳作用。Chung H S等1通过豚鼠咳嗽模型研究对叶百部根的水提物中总生物碱及5种斯替宁碱型生物碱单体的镇咳活性，发现新对叶百部新碱活性最强。Lin等2发现百部新酰胺碱和百部新碱在口服和腹膜内给药时均有较强的止咳作用。Yang等3发现原百部碱、百部螺碱和狭叶百部碱经外周静脉给药对柠檬酸诱发的咳嗽豚鼠有显著的止咳作用，蔓生百部碱经脑室内注射给药也有止咳效果。Xu等4在观察了4种主要百部生物碱的止咳作用，发现新对叶百部碱、百部新碱表现出相似的止咳效果；胡君萍等5在测定了对叶百部、直立百部和蔓生百部的止咳活性，发现对叶百 部直立百部蔓生百部，且百部的止咳作用受其产地、部位和炮制方法的影响。Zhou等6研究了新对叶百部碱、对叶百部碱、对叶百部碱H和对叶百部碱J的体内止咳活性，发现3种百部生物碱对枸橼酸诱发的咳嗽豚鼠有显著的止咳作用，且对叶百部碱口服和腹腔内给药的止咳强度相当。4.2.2 其他药理作用百部还具有杀虫作用、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等作用。百部水浸液、水煎液对头虱、牛虱、臭虫、蝇蛆、柑橘蚜、地老虎等多种害虫均有杀灭作用。其生物碱单体都有一定的杀虫活性，以百部叶碱为最强。对叶百部对革兰氏阳性菌有显著的抑制作用，对人型结核杆菌亦有完全抑制作用。百部生物碱能够明显抑制脂多糖诱导的小鼠小胶质细胞产生一氧化氮7。对叶百部总生物碱有很好的抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖和促进凋亡的作用8。5 百部止咳应用西医治疗咳嗽以镇咳、支气管舒张、化痰、抗炎等方法为主，百部具有止咳化痰，扩张支气管，抗菌等作用，对治疗急慢性咳嗽都起到较好的作用。张正阳9等通过研究发现，百部十味止咳散治疗久咳不愈有效。彭丽等10自拟百部止咳方以此方治疗顽固性咳嗽有效。李运文11运用百部麦冬汤治疗小儿过敏性咳嗽取得了较好疗效。6 结语综上所述，百部的止咳作用较强，活性成分主要是其所含的生物碱，百部通过降低呼吸中枢兴奋性，抑制咳嗽反射而具有良好的镇咳、延长咳嗽潜伏期的作用。目前百部的研究仍然以化学成分研究为主，百部生物碱的全合成和半合成还有较大的开发潜力。探讨百部的止咳临床应用，可为更全面地开发百部提供良好的基础。参考文献1CHUNG HOI-SING，HON PO-MING，LIN GE，et al.Antitussive activity of Stemona alkaloids from Stemona tuberosaJ.Planta Medica，2003，69（10）：914-20.2LIN LG，LI KM，TANG CP，et al.Antitussive stemoninine alkaloids from the roots of Stemona tuberosaJ.J Nat Prod，2008，71（6）：1 107-1 110.3YANG XZ，ZHU JY，TANG CP，et al.Alkaloids from roots of Stemona sessilifolia and their antitussive activitiesJ.Planta Med，2008，75（2）：174-177.4XU YT，SHAW PC，JIANG RW，et al.Antitussive and central respiratory depressant effects of Stemona tuberoseJ.J Ethnopharmacol，2010，128（3）：679-684.5胡君萍，张囡，毛一卿，等.中国药典3种百部的止咳作用比较J.中国中药杂志，2009，34（23）：3 096-3 104.6ZHOU X，LEUNG PH，LI N，et al.Oral absorption and antitussive activity of tuberostemonine alkaloids from the roots of Stemona tuberoseJ.Planta Med，2009，75（6）：575-580.7LEE K Y，JEONG E J，SANG H S，et al.Stemona alkaloids isolated from Stemona tuberosa roots and their inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide productionJ.Rec Nat Prod，2015，10（1）：109-112.8林思，朱华，秦慧真，等.对叶百部总生物碱对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡及Bcl-2，Bax和cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达的影响J.中国实验方剂学杂志，2021，27（19）：73-79.9张正阳.百部十味止咳散治疗久咳不愈150例J.陕西中医，2010，31（12）：1 581-1 582.10彭丽，王丽英，何文伍.自拟百部止咳方治疗顽固性咳嗽45例J.光明中医，2007（6）：87-88.11李运文.自拟中药方治疗小儿过敏性咳嗽52例疗效观察J.中国社区医师（医学专业），2010，12（17）：144.313【Cwzyau】Muzdiz：Damqgouz mbaw godwngz-vangzdanz dwg mbouj dwg miz dingj nengz cozyung，vih caenh itbouh linzcangz yunghyw daezhawj canhgauj.Fuengfap：Yungh boiqguh gij yingzyangjgih hamzyw noengzdoh mbouj doengz，aeu mbouj doengz sigin ciepndaem，cazyawj gij yaugoj dingj nengz de.Gezgoj：Suijdizyiz godwngzvangzdanz doiq 2 hauh sigin couhdwg naiyozhingz ginhvangzswz buzdauzgiuzgin miz nyaenxhaed cozyung，caiqlij dingj nengz noengzdoh ceiq daemq dwg 0.5 g/mL；hoeng doiq saedniemh gij gincungj wnq mbouj miz yaugoj.Gietlwnh：Gij saedniemh neix vih caenh itbouh damqgouz godwngzvangzdanz gij dingj nengz cozyung de caeuq sawqniemh daezhawj le giekdaej nem baengzgawq.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Godwngzvangzdanz；ywcuengh；dingj nengzDamqgouz Goyensanhgyangh Dizcijvuz Mbouj Doengz Doiq-Buzdauzdangzganhmeiz Caeuq DPP-4 Gij Gaemhaed Hozsing De（艳山姜不同提取物对-葡萄糖苷酶及DPP-4的抑制活性研究）Gyangh Yenzyenz1，Huz Yingj2，Lingz Lanzyinh1，Cangh Gveicinh1，Vangz Cunhyin1，Liu Gyahsiu2，Suh Gen1*（1.Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Gohyoz Sizyen Cunghsinh，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200；2.Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz Yozyozyen，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200）【Cwzyau】Muzdiz：Aeu-buzdauzdangzganhmeiz caeuq DPP-4 guh gyangq hezdangz yenzgiu bajdenj，raenggenj ok goyensanghgyangh gij hozsing bouhvih doiq de miz gaemhaed cozyung haenx.Fuengfap：Doiq gij rag、ganj、mbaw sam giz bouhvih goyensanhgyangh yungh hidungj yungzci daezaeufap cauhbwh gij dizcijvuz mbouj doengz bouhvih.Raudingh mbouj doengz dizcijvuz doiq-buzdauzdangzganhmeiz caeuq DPP-4 dijvai meizhoz gij yingjyangj de.Gezgoj：Dingzlai gij daezaeu bouhvih goyensanhgyangh doiq-buzdauzdangzganhmeiz biujyienh ok gaemhaed cozyung，buenqsoq gaemhaed noengzdoh（IC50）ciz youq 10 g/mL noengzdoh suijbingz baedauq，ndaw de，gij gyazcunz dizcijvuz giz rag yienh ok ceiq hung gaemhaed yaugoj，gij IC50 ciz de ndaej dabdaengz 0.813 g/mL.Goyensanhgyangh doiq DPP-4 caemh miz itdingh gaemhaed cozyung，dingzlai daezaeu bouhvih gij IC50 ciz de youq ndawgyang 100500 g/mL，ndaw de，yizsonhyizcij dizcijvuz gij ganj yienh ok ceiq hung gaemhaed yaugoj，IC50 ciz dwg 157.201 g/mL.Gietlwnh：Gij dizcijvuz goyensanhgyangh doiq-buzdauzdangzganhmeiz caeuq DPP-4 cungj miz itdingh gaemhaed cozyung，neix aiq dwg de miz gyangq dangz cozyung gij cujyau cozyung gihci de.Ndaej sien gaujli daj gyazcunz dizcijvuz gij rag caeuq yizsonhyizcij dizcijvuz gij ganj ndaw de faenliz cunzva ok gij senhdauj vahozvuz miz gyanghezdangz hozsing haenx.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Gij dizcijvuz goyensanhgyangh；-buzdauzdangzganhmeiz；DPP-4；gyangq dangz cozyung；bouhvih hozsingGij Fazcanj Baenaj Damqgouz Wnhgunhlei Cwngzfwn Ywdoj Gij Ywleix Cozyung Caeuq Gihci De（中药蒽醌类成分的药理作用及其机制研究进展）Cau Fungsenh1，Mwz Lanzyinj2，Se Cinh1，Vei Gyanghcunz3，Cinz Yungj1*（1.Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200；2.Fuzsanh Si Gauhmingz Gih Veiswngh Hoz Givaswnghyuzgiz，Gvangjdungh Fuzsanh 528500；3.Gvangjsih Gozci Cangyih Yihyen，Gvangjsih Nanzningz530201）【Cwzyau】Wnhgunhlei cwngzfwn ywdoj miz ywleix cozyung gig gvangq，youq sawqniemh caeuq linzcangz doxgven yenzgiu ndaw de，wnhgunhlei cwngzfwn ywdoj gij ywyauq cozyung hix miz gig lai，caiqlij wnhgunhlei cwngzfwn ywleix wngqyungh yied daeuj yied gvangqlangh.Bien faenzcieng neix doiq wnhgunhlei cwngzfwn gij dingj fatyenz、gang hezsonh、dingj nengz、hawj haex nyouh doengswnh daengj ywleix ywyauq caeuq cozyung gihci guh gyoebgangj，yawhbienh vih caenh itbouh haeujlaeg damqgouz wnhgunhlei cwngzfwn caeuq biengjloh gij cozyung gihci doxgven de daezhawj baengzgawq gohyoz.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Wnhgunhlei；dingj fatyenz；gang hezsonh；dingj nengz；hawj haex nyouh doengswnhGij Fazcanj Baenaj Damqgouz Gobwzbu Gij Cozyung Hawj Ae Dingz（百部止咳作用研究进展）Hoz Sizyen（Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200）【Cwzyau】Ywdoj gobwzbu dwg cunghyih yw binghbwt ciengz yungh，miz hawj bwtheiq nyinhraeuj、hawj ae dingz caeuq gaj non cawz raeu doengh gij goengyauq neix.Gaenhdaih yenzgiuz biujmingz，gobwzbu yw ae baeg yauqgoj haemq ndei，bingh daj baihrog yinxhwnj、bingh daj baihndaw yinxhwnj、sawqmwh ae haenq、ae naih doengh gij bingh neix cungj ndaej yungh de，lumjbaenz gip、menhsingq cihgi gvanjyenz、binghbwzyizgwz caeuq binghfeigezhwz daengj.Bienz faenzcieng neix daihgaiq lwnhgangj le gij 壮文摘要Identification&SourceGendingSwhyenz 314cincanj damqgouz gij cozyung gobwzbu hawj ae dingz，haivat gij gihci hawj ae dingz cozyung de，hawj de ndaej engq ndei vih linzcangz caeuq yenzgiu haifat gijyw fuzvu.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Gobwzbu；gij cozyung hawj ae dingz；gij fazcanj baenaj damqgouzGij Fazcanj Baenaj Damqgouz Ngozcuzcunz Gij Cozyung Dingj Baezfoeg De（莪术醇抗肿瘤作用研究进展）Linz Swh1，2，Cinz Veicinh1，2，Dwng Lingzyi1，2，Veiz Anhdaz1*（1.Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200；2.Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz Cang-yauzyoz Cungdenj Sizyensiz，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200）【Cwzyau】Go ngozcuz dwg gij yw ndei miz Gvangjsih daegsaek，dwg“cib cungj yw Gvangjsih”ndaw de cungj ndeu.Ngozcuzcunz dwg daj ndaw veihfazyouz go ngozcuz daezaeu cawqleix baenz beibandezlei vahozvuz，dwg Gvangjsih go ngozcuz ywleix cozyung gij cujyau hozsing vuzciz de，miz dingj fatyenz、dingj baezfoeg、dingj aendaep senhveizva daengj ywleix hozsing.Ngozcuzcunz doiq lai cungj baezfoeg sibauh cungj miz gaemhaed cozyung，doiq binghcenzlezsen aiz、binghdacangzaiz、binghbizyenh aiz、binghvei aiz、binghganh aiz、binghfeiaiz、binghbangzgvangh aiz、binghyujsen aiz daengj cungj miz gaemhaed cozyung yienhda.Ngozcuzcunz ndaej doenggvaq saeknywngh baezfoeg sibauh hopgeiz，gaemhaed sibauh baezfoeg fatlai，sonyinx sibauh baezfoeg lauxdai，gaemhaed sibauh baezfoeg ciemqhaeuj caeghoenx caeuq senjdeuz，hawj sibauh baezfoeg gij laiyw naihyw cingzgvang cienqdauq，sonyinx sibauh baezfoeg gag doxgwn daengj fazveih dingj baezfoeg hozsing.Gaengawq ndawguek rogguek mizgven ngozcuzcunz dingj baezfoeg cozyung caeuq gihci doxgven yenzgiu，doiq gij dingj baezfoeg cozyung de guh gyoebgangj，muengh ndaej vih caenh itbouh haeujlaeg damqgouz ngozcuzcunz dingj baezfoeg cozyung caeuq haifat ywmoq daezhawj itdingh canhgauj mizik.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Go ngozcuz；ngozcuzcunz；dingj baezfoeg；gihciDamqgouz Gij Gipsingq Doegsingq Cozyung Mbawgomuzbeh（木鳖叶急性毒性作用的研究）Vuz Sezgyauh*，Cinh Danhdanh*，Veiz Ginhlingz，Se Fungfung，Giuh Ginz*，Cinh Hansinh*（Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530001）【Cwzyau】Muzdiz：Vih caenh itbouh haifat gijyw swhyenz gomuzbeh caeuq youq linzcangz ancienz hableix wngqyungh de daezhawj baengzgawq.Fuengfap：Gaijliengzgousifaz.Gezgoj：Mbawgomuzbeh 95 yizcunz dizcijyiz，199.59 g（doenghgo yw caengz gyagoeng gvaq）/kg gij gipsingq doegsingq sawqniemh gezgoj de，ndaw 14 ngoenz，mbouj raen dai.Gietlwnh：Gij saedniemh gezgoj neix ndaej vih ancienz hableix wngqyungh mbawgomuzbeh daezhawj lijlun canhgauj.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Mbawgomuzbeh；gipsingq doegsingq sawqniemh；gaijliengzgousifazDamqgouz Dagauhliengzgyangh、Hungzdougou Doiq Raemxdungx、Raemxnyouh Veigveiyangz Hanzcwng Nouhung Gij Yingjyangj Gihci De（大高良姜、红豆蔻对胃溃疡寒证大鼠胃液、尿液的影响机制研究）Yangz Lingzsiuh1，Veiz Lulingz2，Se Fungfung2，Lij Mingzfangh2，Dwng Lingzyi2，Yi Vwnzyen1*（1.Hocouh Si Yinzminz Yihyen，Gvangjsih Hocouh 542800；2.Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz，Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200）【Cwzyau】Muzdiz：Doenggvaq cazyawj dagauh-liengzgyangh caeuq hungzdougou yizsonhyizcij bouhvih gij nouhung veigveiyangz hanzcwng gwnhaeujliengh、saekbwn、haex、cingsaenz cangdai daengj dijcwngh gij cozyung de；raudingh nouhung raemxdungx lainoix、raemxdungx cungjsoemjdoh、dungxdanbwz meizhozsing caeuq ndaw de 17-OHCS、wzcazfwnh anh（CAS）lei vuzciz hamzliengh，cobouh damqra dagauhliengzgyangh caeuq hungzdougou yizsonhyizcij bouhvih doiq nouhung veigveiyangz hanzcwng fazveih hawj dungx raeuj hawj veihanz siusanq gij cozyung gihci de.Fuengfap：Aeu SPF gaep SD nouhung 80 duz，faenguh gunghbwzcuj、mozhingzcuj、yangzsing doiqciuqcuj、dagauhliengzgyangh caeuq hungzdougou yizsonhyizcij sang daemq ywlienghcuj.Yungh binghyizsonh caeuq raemxyw gocihmuj guenqdungx daeuj cauh moz，cauh moz baenz le，gunghbwzcuj、mozhingzcuj guenqgwn cinghliuzsuij，yangzsing doiqciuqcuj faenbied guenqgwn mizyauq ywliengh fuswjlijcunghvanz caeuq sihmijdidingh，gizyawz gak cuj faenbied guenqgwn gij yw dengsawq，raudingh gak cuj ndawdungx doxgven cijbyauh caeuq ndaw nyouh doxgven cijbyauh hamzliengh.Gezgoj：Hungzdougou caeuq dagauhliengzgyangh yizsonhyizcij sang daemq ywlienghcuj raemxdungxliengh veidanbwzmeizhozsing gyangqdaemq yienhda（P0.01 roxnaeuz P0.05）；veisonh PH ciz、ndaw nyouh 17-OHCS、DA、NE、EP hamzliengh swngsang yienhda（P0.01 roxnaeuz P0.05）.Gietlwnh：Hungzdougou caeuq dagauhliengzgyangh yizsonhyizcij bouhvih ndaej doenggvaq gyangqdaemq raemxdungx dijcizliengh、veidanbwzmeizhozsing，swngsang