初中英语考试考点精讲.docx

1. finishfinish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那幅画的？【拓展】能接 v. -ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。practice doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事2. afraid（1）be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of doing sth.。例如：She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。Im afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。（2）但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。例如：Im afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。（3）be afraid后可接that从句。例如：He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。3. realize（1) realize作为及物动词，意为“认识到，了解”。例如：He didnt realize his mistake until his mother told him.直到妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。I didnt realize how late it was. 我没有意识到天已经那么晚了。When he realized what had happened, he was sorry.当他明白发生了什么事时，他感到很难过。（2) realize还可以表示“实现；完成”的意思。例如：The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.那个女孩当演员的梦想终于实现了。【 拓展】（1）recognize也可以用作及物动词，表示“认出, 辨认”的意思。例如：I recognized his voice. 我辨认出了他的声音。I recognized her as my friends daughter. 我认出了她是我朋友的女儿。（2）recognize还可以表示“清楚知道；认定”的意思。例如：I recognized him to be cleverer than I am. 我认识到他比我聪明。4. improveimprove既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，意为“改进，提高，改善”，表示某事或某种情况逐渐好转。例如：Their French has improved a lot. 他们的法语进步很大。We havent discovered how to improve it.我们还没找到如何改进它的办法。Youd better work out a plan to improve your writing skills.你最好制定一个提高写作能力的计划。We are always seeking to improve productivity.我们一直在设法提高生产率。5.discoverdiscover通常用作及物动词，主要用法有：（1）表示“发现”某一具体的东西，后接名词或代词作宾语。例如：Who discoveredAmerica? 谁发现了美洲?It was discovered among waste paper. 这是在废纸中发现的。（2） 表示“发现”某一情况，其后可以接名词或代词作宾语，也可接复合宾语或特殊疑问词+不定式作宾语。例如：We soon discovered the truth. 我们很快发现了事实真相。We discovered her to be a good cook. 我们发现她很会煮饭。We havent discovered how to improve it. 我们还没找到如何改进它的办法。【拓展】辨析：discover，find及invent（1）discover意为“发现，发觉(原先没看见或不知道的事物)”。He discovered electricity. 他发现了电。（2）find 意为“找到；得到，求得”。I can find the answer to the question. 我找到了问题的答案。（3）invent 意为“发明，创造”。He invented the first electric clock. 他发明了第一个电动机械钟。6.look uplook up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。例如：Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。Please look them up in the dictionary carefully.请仔细在词典中查一下它们。【拓展】look 的相关短语：look up(在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息look for寻找look over(医生)仔细检查look around 环顾四周look after照看look at 看look down on 看不起7.patient(1) patient作形容词，意为“有耐心的, 能忍受的”，后接with/of。Hes a very patient man. 他是个很有耐心的人。(2) patient作名词，意为“病人”。The doctor is very patient with his patients. 那位医师对病人十分耐心。Would you mind making some room for the patient?请你给这位病人让点儿地方出来行吗？8.create(1) create作动词，意为“创造，创作，创建”。God creates human beings. 上帝创造了人类。An artist should create beautiful things. 一个艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。It is people who create history. 是人民创造了历史。【拓展】creative作形容词，意为“有创造性的，有创意的”。Yoga releases the creative potential in life. 瑜伽释放出生命中创造的潜力。Pay close attention to your own creative ideas. 时刻关注自己创造性的想法。9. put onput on在本课中意为“增加（体重）；发胖”。例如：I can eat what I want but I never put on weight. 我想吃什么就吃什么，但是从来不发胖。【拓展】put on的其他用法：(1) 意为“穿上；戴上”。例如：Its much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。She put on her coat and went out. 她穿上大衣出去了。(2) 意为“上演；举办”。例如：The band is hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year.那个乐队希望年底之前在英国举办一场演出。10. wish/hope(1) 相同点：表示“想；希望”，宾语可为to do,不能用doing。例如：I hope/wish to visit Guilin. 我希望去桂林观光。(2) 不同点：wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope不能。例如：I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。I hope you to go. (误) 我希望你去。(3) 两者都可接that从句，但是“hope + that从句”表示希望，“wish + that从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。I wish I were really wealthy. 但愿我真的富有。(4) wish后可接双宾语。例如：We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！11. missmiss为动词，意为“想念，思念”。例如：Ill miss you when you go toCanada. 你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。【拓展】(1) miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。例如：I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。(2) miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。例如：I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。(3) miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; cant help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如：I dont want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。12. howeverhowever是副词，意为“不过；然而”，有转折的含义，相当于but，可位于句首、句中和句末。位于句首时，其后用逗号隔开；位于句中时，其前用分号或逗号，其后用逗号隔开；位于句末时，其前用逗号隔开。但but只能置于句首或句中。例如：Shes very intelligent. However, shes quite lazy. 她非常聪明，但是她很懒惰。【拓展】however与but(1) however是副词，意为“不过；然而”，表转折时，与后面的句子用逗号隔开，不能与but连用。例如：My room is small. However, its comfortable. 我的房间小，但很舒服。(2) but是连词，意为“但是”，表示转折时，与后面内容相连，不用逗号隔开。例如：She is young but very clever. 她虽然年轻但非常聪明。13. dress updress up意为“装扮，乔装打扮”或者“穿上盛装，打扮”。例如：You dont need dress up for the party. 你不必为这个聚会精心打扮。【拓展】dress up常与as；in连用构成短语dress up as意为“装扮成；乔装打扮成”；dress up in意为“穿上”，后接表示衣服或颜色的名词。例如：He likes to dress up as a solider. 他喜欢装扮成军人。On Christmas Day we always dress up in red. 在圣诞节我们总是穿上红衣服。14. care aboutcare about意为“担心；关心；在乎；对感兴趣”。例如：Dont you care about losing your job? 你难道不担心失去工作吗？I really care about the students in my class. 我真的很关心我班的学生。I dont care about your opinion. 我对你的观点不感兴趣。【拓展】care about与care for的辨析：(1) care about意为“关心；在乎；介意”，强调出于责任感而“关心；在乎”。例如：My parents care about my health. 我父母关心我的健康。(2) care for可意为“照料；照顾”，与take care of同义；也可意为“喜欢”，多用于疑问句或否定句，其同义短语为be fond of。例如：Would you care for a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？He helped me care for my mother when I left. 我离开时，他帮我照顾我母亲。15. remind(1) remind是及物动词，意思是“提醒、使某人想起”，经常和介词of连用构成动词短语remind somebody of somebody/somethingremind somebody that从句，意思是“使某人想起某事或者某人”。例如：Does that song remind you of your mother? 那首歌使你想起你的妈妈吗？(2) 动词短语remind somebody to do something的意思是“提醒某人做某事”。例如：Please remind me to return the books to the library.请提醒我把这些书还给图书馆。16. promisepromise是动词，意为“允诺，答应”。其用法归纳如下：(1) 后接名词或代词作宾语，常可以带间接宾语，即构成promise sb. sth. 例如：He promised me the book. 他答应给我这本书。(2) promise to do sth. 意为“承诺/答应做某事”。例如：He promised to help us. 他答应要帮助我们。(3) promise sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“承诺/答应某人（不）做某事”。例如：I promise you not to say that. 我答应你不说那件事。(4) promise + that从句，意为“承诺”。例如：He promised that he would come straight home. 他承诺他会直接回家。