高考英语一轮复习学案专题1冠词.doc

2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题1：冠词【备考策略】冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3.表示 “每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4.表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6.用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。二、定冠词的用法1.表示某一类人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4.用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11.用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.13.与比较级和最高级连用比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越”The harder he works, the happier he feels.表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。Who is the older of the tow boys?三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.三、零冠词（即不用冠词）的情况1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填D. 不填；不填7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8.表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.四、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as, how, however, so, too等。如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。2.不定冠词置于such, what, many, not, too,much of等之后。如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。3.定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。如：I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 It was a quite/rather cold day.)5.当名词前的比较级被no，all，far，much等修饰时，也要后置。如：He is no less a man than the President.6.定冠词要放在half, twice, much等之后。如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。7.如果名词被副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能做的事。冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。 考点解析考点1 考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法How about taking_short break? I want to make_call.A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】Christmas is_special holiday when_whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 【解析】 考点2 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法I looked under_bed and found books I lost last week. A. the; a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填 【解析】 I like_color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】 考点3 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【解析】 Many people have come to realize that they should go on_balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a 【解析】 考点4 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A.a;不填 B.the; a C.the; the D.不填; a【解析】How about _Christmas evening party? I should say it was _success. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 考点5 考查在名词前用不用冠词意义的不同We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填【解析】George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a【解析】类似的词组：by day在白天 by the day按天计算in case of以防 in the case of就来说in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由负责in office执政 in the office在办公室in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在看来go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告be of age成年 be of all age同龄go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。 五年高考 A组 年全国高考题组1.【浙江卷】.The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填, theB. the; aC. a; 不填D. a; a1.【答案】2.【全国II】He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【答案】3. 【安徽卷 21】. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【答案】4.【辽宁卷 21 】. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【答案】5.【山东卷】29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 【答案】6.【重庆卷24】.Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the6. 【知识拓展】不使用冠词的情况：在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类等运动的名称前；系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词；人名、地名、机构等专有名词前；与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等词作定语；复数名词表示一类人或事物时；在某些7.【江西卷 21】The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A/; aBthe; theC/; theDthe; a7.答案：8. 【全国新课程22. 】Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; aB组 历年全国高考题组1. 【浙江卷,2】Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a【答案】2. （全国卷,33）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填【答案】3.（全国卷II,16）As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a【答案】D【考点】3.（山东卷,21）Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a【答案】4.【四川卷,18】Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A【答案】5.（浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /【答案】6.(山东)f we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the【答案】【考点】7.(江苏)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the【答案】【考点】8.(浙江)I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the【答案】9.(四川)In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】10.(浙江)_ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填【答案】11.(山东)Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; theC. the; theD. the; a【答案】12.(江西)- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a【答案】 三年模拟A组 2012年全国高考模拟题组1.（杭州市西湖高级中学高三3月月考 1）The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a2.（浙江省六校联盟高三第一次联考2 ） As the world faces _ “cooling market”, Premier Wen Jiabao calls for _confidence in economic growth during the New Year holiday. A. the; aB. a; 不填C. 不填; theD. a; the3.（温州市届高三第一次适应性测试 1）Riding along the Qujiang River banks could be great fun.Sound like pretty good idea.Aa/BaaC/D/a4.（宁波市八校届高三下学期期初测试 1）Nicknames are interesting. If _ man were unusually strong, he might adopt _name such as Armstrong. A. a; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. the; a 5.（台州中学高三下学期第一次统练 2）Yang Jia, _ English professor at_ Chinese Academy of Science meets _ challenges brought by the sudden loss of her eyesight and continues to make it in her work.A. an; the; / B. the; /; the C. the; /; / D. an; the; the 6.（金华一中高三上学期期中考试 1）What book!Its wonderful indeed. Ive never read more exciting one.Aa; theBthe; 不填Ca; aDthe; a7.（杭州市萧山九中高三上学期期中考试 2）_ young girl reminded me of my youth gone. Im now _ has-been that can tell what to do or not to do.A. The;a B. A; the C. A; a D. The;不填8.（绍兴一中高三上学期期中考试 1）When a giraffe has _ drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart in order to reach _ water easily.A. 不填；不填 B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the9.（衢州一中高三上学期期中考试 2）The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the10.( 浙江省十二校新高考研究联盟第一次联考 2) _ M(m) oney plays an important role in _ material world. But you cant expect it to give you real happiness.A. A; theB. 不填; a C. 不填; theD. The; the11.( 杭州市新安江中学高三12月月考 1) As is known to all,_ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world. A. the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填12.( 宁波市高三“十校联考” 2) In January, 2011, _ leader of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao was warmly received by Barak Obama, who was elected _ president of the US two years ago. A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the B组 历年全国高考模拟题组1.( 绍兴市高三教学质量测试 2) - How did you enjoy concert last night? - What a disappointment! My favourite singer lost her voice and didnt even make appearance.Aa; anBthe; /Cthe; anDthe; the2.( 浙江省杭州二中高三5月模拟 1) - What do you think of the new manager of your department?- Oh, he is _ manager whos pleasant to work with. I mean, it is _ pleasure to work with him.A. the; B. a; aC. a; theD. ; a3.( 嘉兴一中高三高考模拟试题 11) Failure to face up to painful experience can be _ form of stress itself, and can increase _ possibility of illness. A. the; /B. a; aC. a; theD. /; the4.( 金华一中、慈溪中学、学军中学三校高三联考 1) What _ lovely surprise it was for the students to get _ precious present individually when their class teacher, John, came back from the ceremony!A. 不填；a B. 不填；不填 C. the; the D. a; a5.( 温州市高三上学期五校联考 21) I was told that 10:15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach Fudan UniversityAthe; /Bthe; aCa; theD/; the6.( 杭州师范大学附属中学高三上学期第一次月考 2) -What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as? - _ inventor of _ telephone. A. an; /B. the; aC. the; the D. /; the7.( 浙江省五校高三第一次联考 1) The significance of 2010 Expo Shanghai lies in the opportunities it has provided for visitors to consider what would make for _ better city and what should be _ yardstick to improve city lifeAa, theBthe, aCa, /Dthe, /8.( 杭州十四中高三9月月考试卷 1) Many people have come to realize that they should go on _ balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise. A. a;/ B. the; a C. the; the D./;a9.( 温州中学高三第一学期第一次月考 15) The film Harry Potter was quite _ hit across the world, bringing in _ income of box office over millions of dollars within five months. A. /; an B. a; / C. a; an D. a; the10.( 杭州高级中学高三上学期第一次月考 2) _ two pandas from Chinese mainland has become _ hot topic in Taiwan.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, theD. The, /