新能源专业英语省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Technical English of New and Renewable EnergyZongming ZhengSchool of Renewable Energy,NCEPU第1页Content1.International Energy outlook2.Global Renewable Energy Status3.China Renewable Energy Status第2页References:第3页1 International Energy outlook1.World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook2.Liquid Fuels3.Natural Gas4.Coal5.Electricity6.Transportation Sector Energy Consumption7.Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions第4页World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook Total world consumption of marketed energy is projected to increase by 50 percent50 percent from to 2030.The largest projected increase in energy demand is for the non-OECDnon-OECD economies.第5页 China and India-China and India-thethe fastest growing non-OECD economies-will be key contributors to world energy consumption in the future.1980 8%18%2030 25%USA 22%in to about 17%in 2030 World Marketed Energy Consumption 1980-2030第6页OECD vs non-OECD Energy consumption in other non-OECD regions also is expected to grow strongly from to 2030,with increases of around 60 percent projected for the Middle East,Africa,and Central and South America.第7页World Energy Consumption by Source1.liquid fuels are the worlds slowest growing source of energy;2.Renewable energy and coal are the fastest growing energy sources,with consumption increasing by 2.1 percent and 2.0 percent,respectively;3.Chinas coal consumption increased by 17 percent per year on average from to.4.Natural gas remains an important fuel for electricity generation worldwide;第8页5.Electricity generation from nuclear power increases from 2.6 trillion kilowatthours in to 3.0 trillion kilowatthours in and 3.8 trillion kilowatthours;Plant safety,radioactive waste disposal,and the proliferation of nuclear weapons,第9页6.Much of the growth in renewable energy consumption is projected to come from mid-to large-scale hydroelectric facilities in non-OECDAsia and Central and South America;7.Some areas of China and India also rely heavily on woodfuel,woodwaste,and charcoal for cooking.In China,about 55 percent of the rural population uses biomass for cooking,as does 87 percent of the rural population in India.8.Most of the increase in OECD renewable energy consumption is expected to come from nonhydroelectric resources,such as wind,solar,geothermal,municipal solid waste,and biomass.第10页World Economic Outlook第11页The worlds real GDP growth on a purchasing power parity basis is projected to average 4.0 percent4.0 percent annuallynPopulation growthnLabor force participation ratesnCapital accumulation,nProductivity improvements.第12页2 Liquid Fuels World use of liquids grows from 83.6 million barrels oil equivalent per day5 in to 95.6 million barrels per day in and 112.5 million barrels per day in 2030.Much of the increase in total liquids consumption is projected for the nations of non-OECD Asia and the Middle East.第13页World Liquid Fuels Production,-2030第14页 China and India account for much of the growth in liquids demand,and together they account for 11.5 million barrels per day(74 percent)11.5 million barrels per day(74 percent)of the regional increment in liquids use.Middle-east:1 High birth rate 2 Subsidy 3 High income per capita第15页Oil prices In the long term,four factors determine the price of oil:1.growth in world liquids demand,2.high production costs for accessible non-OPEC conventional liquids resources,3.OPEC investment and production behavior,4.and the costand availability of unconventional liquids supply.第16页World Liquids Production第17页 World liquids production increases by 28 million barrels per day from to 2030 to meet projected growth in demand.About 47 percent of the total world increase in liquids supplies is expected to come from OPEC member countries.Thus,in 2030,OPEC production is projected to total 49 million barrels per day and non-OPEC production 63 million barrels per day.Caspian area(Kazakhstan)and South America(Brazil)NON-OPEC第18页 OPECs total liquids production increases at a 1.3-percent average annual rate from to 2030.The most rapid growth in OPEC production is projected for Qatar.第19页Oil Reserves and ResourcesAs of January 1,proved world oil reserves,as reported by the Oil&Gas Journal,were estimated at 1,332 billion barrels.第20页 The 56 percent of the worlds proved oil reserves are located in the Middle East.Among the top 20 reserve holders in,11 are OPEC member countries that,Together,account for 69 percent of the worlds total reserves.第21页3 Natural Gas Worldwide,total natural gas consumption increases from 104 trillion104 trillion cubic feet in to 158 trillion158 trillion cubic feet in 2030 in the IEO reference case.第22页 Natural gas consumption in the non-OECD countries grows more than twice as fast as consumption in the OECD countries,with 2.3-percent average annual growth from to 2030 for non-OECD countries,compared with an average of 1.0 percent1.0 percent for the OECD countries.North AmericaEU第23页NON-OECD第24页Supply第25页Reserves and Resources Almost three-quarters of the worlds natural gas reserves are located in the Middle East and Eurasia.Russia,Iran,and Qatar together accounted for about 57 percent of the worlds natural gas reserves as of January 1,第26页4 Coal World coal consumption increases by 65 percent over the projection period,from 122.5 quadrillion Btu in to 202.2 quadrillion Btu in 2030.In,coal accounted for 27 percent of world energy consumption.Of the coal produced worldwide in,63 percent was shipped to electricity producers,34 percent to industrial consumers,and most of the remaining 3 percent went to coal consumers in the residential and commercial sectors.第27页 In,Australia was the worlds leading coal exporter,supplying 6.1 quadrillion Btu of coal to the international market,while Japan and South Korea were the worlds leading importers,receiving 4.5 and 1.9 quadrillion Btu of coal,respectively.More than one-half(53 percent)of Chinas coal use in was in the non-electricity sectors,primarily in the industrial sector.China was the worlds leading producer of both steel and pig iron in.第28页World Coal Production China,Australia,the United States,and India dominate the overall trends for the OECD and non-OECD,accounting for 99 percent of the increase in net production for all the OECD countries and 82 percent of the increase for the non-OECD countries.第29页World Coal Reserves Total recoverable reserves of coal around the world are estimated at 930 billion tons.Although coal deposits are widely distributed,76 percent of the worlds recoverable reserves are located in five countries:the United States(28 percent),Russia(19 percent),China(14 percent),Australia(9 percent)and India(7 percent).第30页5 Electricity World net electricity generation nearly doubles in the reference case,from 17.3 trillion kilowatthours in to 24.4 trillion kilowatthours in and 33.3 trillion kilowatthours in 2030.第31页Nuclear Energy Electricity generation from nuclear power is projected to increase from about 2.6 trillion kilowatthours in to 3.8 trillion kilowatthours in 2030,第32页 China is trying to diversify its sources of electricity,and increasing nuclear power capacity is seen as a strategy to achieve that goal.Unlike most of the OECD nations,China will be able to expand its nuclear program largely without political deterrents.At present,China has 11 commercial nuclear power reactors in operation,6 of which have been brought on line since.Another 6 plants are currently under construction,and several more are in various stages of planning.The Chinese government is also in the process of awarding billions of dollars in contracts to build additional nuclear plants.Frances AREVA,Russias AtomStroyExport,and U.S.-based Westinghouse all have won bids.In the worlds largest nuclear power deal to date,China will pay$11.9 billion to AREVA to build two nuclear reactors.第33页 China also has a number of large-scale hydroelectric projects under construction,including the 18,200-megawatt Three Gorges Dam project slated for completion at the end of.The China Yangtze River Three Gorges Project Development Corporation already has announced it plans to increase its total installed capacity to 22,400 megawatts.In addition,work continues on the 12,600-megawatt Xiluodu project on the Jisha River(scheduled for completion in as part of a 14-facility hydropower development plan)and the countrys third-largest hydroelectric facility,the 6,300 megawatt Longtan project on the Hongshui River第34页6 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption The transportation share of total liquids consumption increases from 52 percent in to 58 percent in 2030.Much of the growth in transportation energy use is projected for the non-OECD nations,where many rapidly expanding economies are expected to see strong growth in energy consumption as transportation systems are modernized and rising standards of living increase the demand for personal motor vehicle ownership.第35页第36页 Both China and India have become major vehicle manufacturers.In,China produced nearly 7.2 million motor vehicles,the third-highest production level in the world after Japan and the United States and more than one-tenth of the worlds total production.In,motor vehicle production in China grew by another 22 percent,to 8.9 million vehicles.Within the next several years,Chinas production of motor vehicles may reach 10 million vehicles.第37页7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions The average annual increase in non-OECD emissions from to 2030(2.5 percent)is five times the increase projected for the OECD countries(0.5 percent).In 2030,non-OECD emissions,projected at 26.8 billion metric tons,exceed the projection for OECD emissions by 72 percent.第38页 In pre-industrial times,the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was about 280 parts per million(ppm).The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide at present is about 380 ppm,and according to the IEO reference case projections,by 2030 it would be about 450450 ppm.第39页第40页第41页2 Global Renewable Energy Status In,more than$100 billion was invested in new renewable energy capacity,manufacturing plants,and research and developmenta true global milestone.第42页第43页Biomass and geothermal energy are commonly employed for both power and heating,with recent increases in a number of countries,including uses for district heating.More than 2 million groundsource heat pumps are used in 30 countries for building heating and cooling.Production of biofuels(ethanol and biodiesel)exceeded an estimated 53 billion liters in,up 43 percent from.Ethanol production in represented about 4 percent of the 1,300 billion liters of gasoline consumed globally.Annual biodiesel production increased by more than 50 percent in.Renewable energy,especially small hydropower,biomass,and solar PV,provides electricity,heat,motive power,and water pumping for tens of millions of people in rural areas of developing countries,serving agriculture,small industry,homes,schools,and community needs.Twenty-five million households cook and light their homes with biogas,and 2.5 million households use solar lighting systems.第44页Developing countries as a group have more than 40 percent of existing renewable power capacity,more than 70 percent of existing solar hot water capacity,and 45 percent of biofuels production.第45页第46页Global overview第47页第48页第49页第50页第51页INVESTMENT FLOWS An estimated$71 billion was invested in new renewable energy capacity worldwide in,up from$55 billion in and$40 billion in.第52页第53页3 China Renewable Energy StatusNew energy account for 20%in energy mix in.Biomass 0.25 billion ton standard coalHydroelectricity 0.1 billion kilowattSolar,wind and other new energy 25 million ton standard coal1 Wind energy -growth rate 20%by the end of“Eleventh five”5 million kilowatt 1-3 megawatt wind electricity equipment is not available2 PV Solar radiation received 51022 joule by the end of“Eleventh five”0.4 million kilowatt第54页3 Solar water heaterChina ranks first with 70 million m70 million m2 2Production capacity 10 million m10 million m2 2 per yearper year4 BiomassDomestic biogas plant 12 millionEthanolEthanol 1 million ton 1 million ton Bioelectricity Bioelectricity 2 million kilowatt(5 million by the end of eleventh five)2 million kilowatt(5 million by the end of eleventh five)第55页