1、序英语长难句一直是我们英语阅读和翻译的难点,为此,我们新阳光英语教研组从同等学力考试历年真题中精心挑选了50个经典长难句,并整理了详细的分析,旨在帮助大家攻克长难句这一难关。这50个句子比新概念英语课文里的句子更贴近我们同等学力考试。 分析长难句的核心思想是“提取主干”,具体步骤如下:1. 首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句。2. 找出连词和关键词,确定句与句之间的关系,分清主句和从句。3. 分析主句和从句的成分,识别谓语动词,判断谓语动词的时态语态和语气,接着看该句是否有倒装、省略、插入成分、独立成分、同位成分等。4. 分析主句与和句、从句和从句之间的关系。At the same time,考虑
2、上下文、文化背景,从总体上把握句子的字面含义和内在含义。大家通过我们的方法和这50个经典句型的解析,能够从理论上对英语长难句的分析有一个深入的认识。但是,一般来说,除了语言学家,人们对自己母语的语法知识可以说是知之甚少。然而当我们阅读汉语的时候,也能够很轻易的看懂一些从语法角度看来很复杂的句子,这显然不是语法分析的结果。这是因为人们对自己的母语有着丰富的语言经验,接触过不计其数的语言材料,对其中信息的提取已经习惯成自然。同理,我们在英语的学习过程中,在培养基本的理论分析能力的基础上,更需要通过丰富自己的英语语言经验来培养我们理解英语长难句的能力。我们需要通过反复的大量的阅读,在不刻意进行语法分
3、析的情况下,在头脑中就把成分拆分,知道它源于哪个句型,这才标志着我们的英语阅读能力达到了一个新的境界。新阳光英语教研组同等学力英语真题阅读理解精选50句经典句型分析1. I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. 我非常希望能够给与我的孩子们我在成长过程中享受过的自由,但是我却对是否应该这么做犹豫不决,因为在每一个街角
4、都有太多的危险存在了拆句 难词分析难句解析1 want so much to give my children the freedom so much 程度副词修饰want 表示“非常希望”主句,主谓宾结构,不定式短语作宾语that I enjoyed having when I was growing upthat 关系代词修饰先行词freedom ;enjoy 后面接动名词;grow up 长大定语从句,其中包括一个when 引导的时间状语从句;意思是在我成长过程中我所拥有的(自由)but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers arou
5、nd every cornerhesitate 对某事犹豫不决;to do so 这样做,so 代替前面“给与自由”的做法;but 后接一个句子表转折,后接一个because 引导的原因状语从句表示犹豫不决的原因句法考点【 串联句型】主语谓语宾语(不定式短语)定语从句(包括一个时间状语从句)表转折的状语从句(其中包括一个原因状语从句)【 名师分析】 定语从句是常考点,阅读文章中可能出现各种关系代词或关系副词引导的限定和非限定性两类定语从句。掌握其用法和掌握各种关系词之间的区别,学会运用它们,在写作,翻译过程中是必不可少的。When 后面接表时间的从句,but 后面接一个表转折的从句,becau
6、se 后面接表原因的从句,命题人员可以通过考查不同的连词从而考查判断前后相联的两个句子应该是什么关系,比如:转折,递进,原因,结果,时间等等。2. Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression. 因此,在今天学习一门外语对个人来说是必需的,无论是为了职业,创立生意,还是仅仅为了树立一个形象拆句难词分析难句解析Thus learning
7、 a foreign language today has become essential for an individualessential adj. 必须的,必不可少的;thus adv. 因此,于是这是一个thus 引导的结果从句,在这个从句里主语是动名词短语,become 是系动词,后接表语essentialwhether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression.whether conj. 是否,不管 后叫接选择性的状语从句,同样的用法还有if ; make an impression
8、 给人一个深刻的印象在主句后接一个whether 引导的从句表示不管是怎样学习一门外语都是必要的 句法考点【 串联句型】结果状语从句:主语(动名词短语)系动词表语选择状语从句【 名师分析】 动名词短语作主语表示普遍的经常的非具体的动作,whether 或if 引导选择从句,但是有区别,当后面有 or 时不能用if 只能用whether ; if 也不能用在一个句子开头,而whether 可以。考生要注意区别运用。3. All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there
9、 are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. 如今,一个人所需要拥有的仅仅就是一个去学习外语的动力,社会上有各种各样的教授各种外语的机构和课程,比如:法语,德语,西班牙语和日语拆句难词分析难句解析All that one needs to possess these days is a drivepossess v.具有,占有; drive n. 作名词时有推动力,欲望的意思主句,主系表结构;主语部
10、分包括一个定语从句,all that 是主语,后面跟了一个省略了that 的定语从句,定语从句中包括一个不定式短语的宾语;名词drive作表语,表示“动力”;句子主干是“一个人所需要拥有的是一种动力to learn a foreign language foreign language外语不定式短语作后置定语修饰名词driveand there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese.instit
11、ute机构,协会。course 课程and后接一个并列句,there he 句型表示社会上存在着 , 定语从句修饰先行词institutes and courses 指培训各种外语的机构和课程句法考点【 串联句型主语(包括一个定语从句)系动词表语并列句定语从句【 名师分析主句主语比较复杂,包括一个定语从句和不定式短语的宾语,一定要仔细分析清楚,all that 才是主语的主干,后面的成分是修饰它的,否则容易搞不清主语在哪。另外,drive 等常做动词用的词,在作名词时的意思要知道。4. In Canada an official rule also says that all commerci
12、al establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country. 在加拿大,一条官方条例就规定:所有商业机构都必须有自己的同时用英语和法语做成的网站。而这两种语言是这个国家的官方语言。拆句难词分析难句解析In Canada an official rule also says thatofficial adj.官方的,公务的;rule n.规章,条例;say通常表示后面是调理内容主句,主谓宾结构,宾语是从句all commer
13、cial establishments must have their websites created both in English and Frenchcommercial adj.商业的; establishment n. 建立;企业,机构这个是that引导的宾语从句,是前面条例的内容。宾语从句中的句子的宾语websites被后置定语修饰,过去分词短语作定语,表被动the official languages of the countryofficial language 官方的语言这是一个同位语,表示说明前面的两种语言句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语从句(包括同位语)【 名师分析】
14、典型的宾语从句句型,say 加that 结构可以表示前面的内容。在宾语从句中有一个过去分词短语作后置定语,可以考查分词短语作后置定语的用法,注意主动(ing)和被动 (ed) 的区别。后面的同位语表示补充说明前面的词。5. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity. 这个国家的人民会立刻尊重你,他们认为你差不多像他们一样
15、关心他们的文化,因为在任何文化中,语言都是关健的特征拆句难词分析难句解析People in these countries immediately respect youimmediately ad :立刻,马上简单并列句and think you care about their culture as much as they docare about 关心;as much as 像 那么多;差不多as much as 连接两个并列的成分,表示像 那么多;差不多because in any culture language is the key identity. key adj. 心关键的
16、;identity n.身份,一致性,特征原因状语从句,表原因句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语并列句原因状语从句【 名师分析注意as much as 连接两个成分,既可以是句子也可以是词,表示既又6. But supermarkets know shoppers know this , so they use other tricks , like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them . 但是超级市场知道顾客了解这
17、些,所以他们使用其它的计策,比如将一些受欢迎的物品沿着某个区域一部分的摆放,使得人们不得不沿着整个过道到处找这些商品拆句难词分析难句解析But supermarkets know shoppers know this , shopper 顾客主句,but 后的从句,主谓宾语从句,第一个know 后面省略了that so they use other tricks , like placing popular items half way along a section trick n.把戏,泥计;item n 物品;half-way adj.adv. 半途的,小部分的so 引导的结果从句;后接
18、介词,介词后是动名词短语so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them so that 使得,以至于aisle n. 走廊,过道so that 引导结果状语从句句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语从句结果从句介词动名词短语(包括一个结果状语从句)【 名师分析so和 so that引导的结果状语从句要知道使用,引申到so that 从句的用法,都要掌握,容易考查so that 和、such that 的用法区别。7. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people
19、s phones at Gunwharf Quays , a large retail centre in Portsmouthnot by monitoring calls , but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks . 路径情报,一家英国公司在Gunwharf 码头 普英茅斯一家大型的零售商业中心,追踪人们的电话所依靠的并不是监听他们的谈话,而是依靠他们的手机向蜂窝网自动发出的信号来绘制出他们手机所在的位置拆句难词分析难句解析Path Inte
20、lligence , a British company tracked peoples phones at Gunwharf Quays , a large retail centre in Portsmouthintelligence n.智力,情报;track v.追踪;retail n. 零售主句,主谓宾结构 主语前有一个词组,后面主要解释这个词组;a large 同位语解释Gunwharf Quays ; not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsetsmonitor v.监视;plot :测绘ha
21、, handset n. 手机Not by , but by 不是通过 而是通过 介词by 表手段后接动名词短语as they transmit automatically to cellular networks transmit v.传送 发射 cellular , network 蜂窝网络as 引导的表时间的状语从句句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语(同位语)介词短语(包括一个时间状语从句)【 名师分析】 主句,主谓宾结构 主语前有一个词组,后面主要解释这个词组;a large 同位语解释Gunwharf Quays;Not by,but by 不是通过 而是通过 介词by 表手段后接动名
22、词短语;as 引导的表时间的状语从句,掌握由when, as, before,after 等词引导的时间状语从句的用法。8. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. 它承认那些医生和科学家的工作,这些医生和科学家保证了那些在不久以前本来会因为各种当时不可治愈的疾病而死亡的人现在生存下来拆句难词分析难句解析It reco
23、gnizes the work of the doctors and scientistsrecognize v.认识;承认主句,主谓宾结构who now keep alive people keep alive 使 活着定语从句,修饰先行词医生和科学家who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases . a variety of 各种各样的;incurable adj. 无法治愈的上一个定语从句中又包含一个定语从句;not very long ago 插人语表时间;would hav
24、e在此是虚拟语气,表示本来会而实际没有的事情句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语定语从句定语从句【 名师分析】 串联后置定语是后置定语句法考点中常涉及到的一项内容。命题人员可以采用定语从句,介词短语,形容词短语和非谓语动词充当后置定语,对一句话中的不同关键词进行修饰,从而构成串联后置定语。第二个定语从句使用了暗含条件句的虚拟语气要注意虚拟语气的用法,与过去事实相反的主句用would have。9. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of d
25、eadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. 通过各种各样的技术革新,包括耕作方法和对致命疾病的控制,我们找到各种方法来减少死亡率拆句难词分析难句解析Through a wide variety of technological innovationstechnological innovation 技术革新介词短语,表示通过什么手段来做什么that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases deadly adj. 致死的定
26、语从句,修饰技术革新we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. reduce :减少主句,主谓宾结构加上不定式引导的目的状语;其中包括一个定语从句,介词加关系代词which修饰先行词rate 句法考点【 串联句型介词短语定语从句主语谓语宾语目的状语(不定式)定语从句【 名师分析关系代词which引导定语从句前面可有介词,使用什么介词,或者根据从句最后使用的介词提前,或者根据先行词和连接词的关系来判断。10. Instead, we are consuming its “capital ”its nonrenewable foss
27、il fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades . 然而,我们正在消费它的最重要的资源,即那些不可再生的化石燃料和其他矿物储备,而这些资源要花上数百万年才能形成,而现在在数十年里就将被耗尽。拆句难词分析难句解析Instead , we are consuming its “capital ”instead adv. 代替,顶替;capital n 首都,大写字母,在这里指主要的,首要的资源主句,前面是表转折的副
28、词instead its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral depositsnonrenewable adj.不可再生的;fossil fuel 化石燃料;deposit n. 储备同位语解释前面的 capital that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decadesdestroy v.摧毁,消灭decades n. 数十年两个定语从句都修饰前面的先行词fossil fuels and other mineral deposits 句
29、法考点【 串联句型】 副词主语谓语宾语同位语定语从句【 名师分析】 同位语中有两个定语从句中间用but 连接表转折,两个定语从句都修饰一个先行部分,注意考察分析先行词是哪个。11. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. 人们普遍认为,人口爆炸的问题主要是由生活在贫穷国家的
30、那些贫困人群造成的,那些穷人没有充分认识到要限制他们自己的生育繁殖拆句难词分析难句解析It is a very common beliefcommon普通的,普遍的 belief n. 相信,信仰主句,it 作主语表示世人所公认的;主系表指出一个公认的想法 that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor peoplepopulation explosion人口爆炸;cause v.导致,引起;be caused by 由什么引起的同位语从句,说明这个belief 是什么;living in poor
31、 countries 现在分词短语做后置定语修饰poor people ,表主动who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. limit v.限制,限定;reproduction n. 复制,繁殖定语从句,修饰先行词People, 句中一个不定式短语作目的状语句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语同位语从句定语从句【 名师分析】 可考察分词作后置定语的用法,现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。同位语从句由that 引导,不作成分。主语不好处理时,如表示公认的事情可以用it 作主语,在中翻英的题目里要知道这种结构的译法。12. Over the p
32、ast few years,scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. 在过去的几年里,科学家们对有关于这些深层模式是怎样影响日常生活的情况有了一系列令人兴奋的发现拆句难词分析难句解析Over the past few years,scientists have made a series of exciting discoveriesa series of 一系列的exciting adj. 令人兴奋的主句,前面表时间的介词短
33、语做状语,主谓宾结构about how these deep patterns influence daily life.pattern n. 模式,样式;influence v.影响; daily adj. 日常的介词 宾语从句,how 引导句法考点【 串联句型介词短语主语谓语宾语介词宾语从句【 名师分析】 介词后可接连接代词或副词引导的的宾语从句13. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit -
34、maximizing individuals. 它会导致政策制定者最终驳回那些建立在假设人们是客观理智的利益最大化的个人的基础上的政策(或:基于此,那些建立在假设人们都是利益最大化的冷酷而理智的个体的基础之上的政策将最终被其制定者们摒弃。)拆句难词分析难句解析It could lead policy makers to finally reject policieslead to 导致 结果;reject v.驳回,拒绝主句,主谓间接宾语加不定式短语的直接宾语built on the assumption thaton the assumption that 连接短语,(建立)在的假设之上 b
35、uilt 是过去分词作后置定语修饰policies;that引出后面的同位语从句修饰assumption people are coldly rational profit maximizing individuals. coldly adv.冷淡的,客观的rational adj.理性的,合理profit maximizing(使)利益最大化的接在on the assumption that 后面的同位语从句,副词coldly 是修饰形容词rational 的句法考点【 串联句型】主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语连接成分+从句【名师分析】注意直接宾语和间接宾语这种双宾的用法,引申到复合宾语的用法。翻
36、译时会用到。on the assumption that 的意思和用法要掌握。14. But when asked whether they agreed with the statement, Breathing air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm your health , only 65 % of nonsmokers and 43 % of smokers answered yes . 但是当被问起他们是否同意下列声明,“今天在有人昨天抽过烟的地方呼吸会损害你的健康”时,仅仅有65 的非吸烟人群和43 的
37、吸烟者回答:“是的”拆句难词分析难句解析But when asked whether they agreed with the statement , whether 引导选择性宾语从句,是否;statement n.陈述,声明When 引导的状语从句开头,里边包括一个whether 引导的宾语从句 Breathing air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm your health , harm v.损害同位语成分,说明陈述的内容;此句中动名词breathing 短语作主语后面的地点状语后接一个定语从句where 引
38、导,先行词room only 65 % of nonsmokers and 43 % of smokers answered yes . nonsmoker n. 非吸烟者主句,主谓宾结构句法考点【 串联句型状语从句宾语从句同位成分定语从句主句【 名师分析】whether引导的宾语从句要掌握,会使用。关系副词引导的定语从句,连接词在句中只能做状语。Where , when , why;百分数加of 加名词的顺序。15. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than these among people
39、from many other cultures. 美国人之间的友谊比起那些来自其他国家文化的人之间的友谊来说往往持续的时间较短,且也不那么强烈拆句难词分析难句解析Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intensefriendship n. 友谊;tend to 趋向于;intense紧张的,热情的主句,主语包含一个介词短语限定范围,主谓宾,宾语部分是一个比较从句than these among people from many other cultures.culture n. 文化比较状语从句 与来自其他文化的人民
40、比较句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语比较从句【 名师分析】 掌握比较状语从句的用法,形容词副词比较级加than 从句16. Stereotypes seem unavoidable given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, so it is not realistic to suppose people can forget their stereotypes. 鉴于人类对信息的分类方式,这些陈旧的思想似乎无法避免,因此设想人们可以“忘记他们的老观念”是不现实的。拆句难词分析难句解析St
41、ereotypes seem unavoidable stereotype n. 陈规老套unavoidable adj.不可避免主句,谓语Seem 是系动词,后面跟了unavoidable做表语given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, given考虑到seek to 寻求;categorize :把 归类;classify v.分类given做介词,表示原因,翻译为“考虑到”。given the way表示“考虑到这种方式”,way后面跟了一个定语从句,修饰the way。so it
42、is not realistic to suppose people can “forget their stereotypes” realistic adj.现实的,可行的;suppose v.猜想,假设结果状语从句;it 作形式主语,不定式短语是真正主语;suppose 后跟一省略了that 的宾语从句句法考点【串联句型主语系动词表语+given引导的原因状语+定语从句结果状语从句【 名师分析注意类seem 等的系动词用法,其他的还有get 等等。后面可接形容词做表语。Given表示“考虑到”的用法经常在写作和翻译要用到。it 作形式主语,真正的主语可以用从句也可以用不定式引导。So 引导
43、结果状语从句。17. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each childs Individual IQ tends to be. 研究人员指出,一个家庭拥有的孩子越多,每一个孩子的个人智商就越低拆句难词分析难句解析Researchers have notednote v.记录,特别提到,注意主句,主谓结构后跟一个宾语从句that the more kids a family has , the lower each childs Individual IQ tends to be. IQ n.
44、智商宾语从句中包含一个“the 形容词副词比较级句子,the + 形容词副词比较级句子”的结构,表示越 越 句法考点【 串联句型主语谓语宾语从句(the 形容词副词比较级句子,the 形容词副词比较级句子)【 名师分析】 掌握“the 形容词副词比较级句子,the形容词副词比较级句子”的用法和结构。运用在写作和翻译里,以及在阅读里要能看懂。18. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dads attention is the thing that really s
45、hapes our personalities and, in fact, has shaped history. 在心理学家Franlt Sulloway 的书 生来反叛 中,对父母注意力的竟争真正形成了我们的个性,事实上,形成了历史。拆句难词分析难句解析In his book Born to Rebel,rebel n. 反叛介词短语psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dads attention is the thingpsychologist n. 心理学家; competition n.竞争,比赛;atte
46、ntion n.注意力主句,主谓宾结构。主语是psychologist,Frank Sulloway是同位语。Says是谓语,competition for Mom and Dads attention is the thing是宾语从句。for Mom and Dads attention是介词短语作competition的后置定语。That really shapes our personalities and, in fact, has shaped history.shape v.形成; personality n. 个性定语从句修饰先行词thing, 插入成分in fact 表进一步
47、说明句法考点【 串联句型介词短语主语谓语宾语从句定语从句【 名师分析】 定语从句是常考点,阅读文章中可能出现各种关系代词或关系副词引导的限定和非限定性两类定语从句。掌握其用法和掌握各种关系词之间的区别,学会运用它们,在写作,翻译过程中是必不可少的。19. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were “folklore”, although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research. 经过访问535 位大学生后,研