词性变化(形容词-副词-转化).doc

(完整版)词性变化(形容词-副词-转化)三will， be going to ， be to, be about to的区别1。be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事.be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will通常表示客观.What are you going to do tomorrow？ 明天你要做什么？Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm。 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。Its going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将会是个好天。It is going to rain。 要下雨了.2。“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作.We are to have a meeting next Saturday。 下个周日我们有个会。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学.Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国.3。“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为:很快,马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。Dont go out。 Were about to have a meeting。 别出去了,我们很快就开会了.I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。He is about to leave for Shenyang。他将要离开去沈阳。We are about to leave。 我们马上就走。The film is about to begin. 电影马上就要开始了。四注意事项1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2。 Lets 的附加疑问通常使用“， shall we ？”。Lets have a rest, shall we?3。 问句是“Shall？”，答句就用“shall ”；问句用“Will ？”，答句就用“will ”。要前后保持一致.Shall you go to school next week ？Yes, I shall 。 Well have an exam .Will you have an exam tomorrow?Yes， I will. / No， I wont。简析also， too， as well和either用法also， too， as well， either,作“也”讲，为副词.下面分别讲述:一。 too, also， as well：都用于肯定句，表示前者怎样后者也怎样。too：一般放在句尾，可用逗号和前面的句子隔开,也可不用；also：其位置大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；as well:其位置一般放在句尾，三者可以作同义句转换.例如：You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping, too。=You need to go shopping and I also need to go shopping。=You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping as well。二. either：用于否定句中,表示前者不，后者也不，其位置一般放在句尾。例如:He doesn”t want any coffee， and I dont want any, either。You don”t know the way and I dont know it, either。巩固训练1。 He is _saying,“I dont want any bread， _A。 too, also B。 also, tooC。 either， too D. also, either2. I _ study English and Russian 。A。 too B. also C. either D. as well3. Not only the children but _their father is in town.A. too B. also C。 either D. as well4. John _ believes that bears hibernate in winter_。A. also, either B. too, as well C. also， as well D。 as well, too5. The foreigner can speak English， he can speak French _。A. neither B. also C. either D. as well【参考答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D动词变名词1.在词尾加er,r ，双写加er 或or：A. play _ player， sing _ singer， wait _ waiter ， find _ finder,thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer， drive _ driver， come _ comer， explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner， rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD。 visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在词尾加ing:build _ building， draw _ drawing， end _ ending， begin _ beginning，swim _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling， say _ saying，mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing， paint _ painting3。在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:A。 decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration，pronounce _ pronunciation， decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration，pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution， congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB。 discuss _ discussion， invent _ invention， attract _ attractionimpress _ impression，inject _ injection，instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge， please _ pleasure， enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice， die _ death， succeed _ success, weigh _ weight，sit _ deat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance，fly _ flight，rob _ robbery， discover _ discovery，faile _ failure,appear _ appearance，breathe _ breath 动词变形容词第一，后面加able，affordaffordable;以e结尾的动词则去e加able，lovelovable：表示具有此性质、特点或属性。 第二，后面加ed，scatterscattered；以e结尾的动词则直接加d，useused：表示被动性的属性或特点。 第三，不规则的动词则必须记忆，记住其过去分词形式规律不大,意义同上. 第四，后面加ing，runrunning,diedying，变为现在分词形式，有的去e加ing,有的双写加ing,有的改为y加ing,规律同现在分词，表示有正在主动的进行的属性或特点。1。词尾加ful：use useful, care - careful, help helpful，thank thankfulpeace - peaceful， forget - forgetful, play playful,succeed successful， wonder wonderful2.词尾加d或ed：please pleased, unite united, excite excited,surprise surprised， organize organized, close - closed,wound wounded, relax - relaxed，develop - developed,appreciate appreciated，frustrate - frustrated，interest - interested, annoy annoyed， use - used，frighten frightened, crowd crowded, thrill thrilled，pollute polluted3.词尾加ing：interest - interesting, surprise - surprising， excite - excitingdevelop developing, frighten frightening，thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing， live livingrock - rocking, sleep sleeping4.词尾变y为i，加ed:worry - worried, marry - married，fry fried， terrify - terrifiedsatisfy satisfied5.词尾加able：know knowledgeable, enjoy enjoyabe,suit - suitableadjust adjustable， comfort comfortable6。其它:lose - lost， fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake， taste - tastyspeak - spoken， break - broken, die - dead, educate aducational,world worldwide 形容词变副词规律小结 规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycareless-carelesslyquiet-quietlydifferent-differently以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible-possiblyterrible-terriblycomfortable-comfortablygentle-gentlysimple-simply以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy-easilyangry-angrilynoisynoisilyhappy-happilyheavy-heavilyhealthy-healthily不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变fast-fastearly-earlyhigh-highhard-hardlate-latefar-farwide-widealone-alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good-well初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true-truly虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词friendlylivelylovelylonelyLikely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意wide（形容词,宽阔的，睁大的)-wide(副词，睁大地）/widely（副词，广泛地），late（形容词，晚的)late（副词，晚地），lately(最近）high（形容词，高的）-high（副词，高地）/highly（副词，高度地)特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”,与hard无任何关系friendly无不能用friendly直接修饰动词,只能改成in a friendly way“用一种友好的方式”。如：He smiled at me in a friendly way.excitedexcitedly 容易拼错healthyhealthily容易拼错politepolitely不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely， closely， 6 / 6