非谓语动词-不定式.doc

(完整版)非谓语动词-不定式
非谓语动词—-动词不定式
（一)形式：
语态式
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
主 动
to build
to have built
to be building
to have been building
被 动
to be build
to have been build

1)I plan to attend the meeting.我计划参加这次会议.
2)I am sorry to have kept you waiting。很抱歉让你久等了。
3)They are said to be working hard.据说他们工作得很努力.
4）He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.
据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。
5）These clothes are to be washed as soon as possible。
6)He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon。

（二)用法
1. To help each other is good。
It is good to help each other
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2。 My job is to drive them to the power station every day。
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants' children.
To see is to believe.
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3. She wishes to be a musician。
I am determined to give up smoking
I don’t think it right to do it that way.
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4。 Tell the children to play outside。
I saw a little girl run across the street
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5。 Have you got anything to eat?
But she gave up the chance to go abroad。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?
Is this the best way to help him?
__________________________________
6. We went there to see our grandparents。
I am very sorry to hear that。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.
To look at the picture， you would like it。
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(三)句型
1。 It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest。
It is very kind of you to help him every day。
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2.疑问词who，what，which,when，where和how后加不定式结构，它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。
1）When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。______
2)I don’t know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。_______
3）The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河.______
4）I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。____
3。 1）I couldn’t do anything but sleep.___________________
2）I did nothing but wait.__________________
3)He had nothing to do but cry。__________________
4)I had no choice but to sleep.________________________
5）They desire nothing but to enjoy the present moment。__________

（四)主动形式表达被动意思
1。 These apples are good to eat。 这些苹果很好吃。
I find the lecture difficult to understand。 我发现这个报告很难懂。
He is a man easy to get on with。 他是一个容易相处的人。
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2. The passage is too hard to translate. 这一段太难，无法翻译。
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3。 I don't know what to do next。 我不知道下一步该做什么.
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4。 I have a meeting to attend today. 今天我有个会议要参加.
Do you have anything to say？ 你有什么话要说吗？
He gave me some books to read. 他给了我一些书看。
______________________________________________________________
I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? 下周我要去北京，你有什么东西（让我）捎给你父母吗？
______________________________________________________________

（五） 练习：
1。 ---— Can you ride a horse？
——-- No， I never had the chance ____.
A. for learning it B。 for learning how C。 how to learn it D。 to learn how
2. Paul said， ”Give me a chair _____.”
A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D。 to sit on
3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going。
A. to notice B。 for me to notice C。 to notice for me D。 and notice
4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? ———- Yes, I’ll be very sorry______ 。
A. for leaving B。of leaving C。 to leave D. with leaving
5。 —-—— I’ll help you whenever you need me。 —-—- Good. I’d like _____me tomorrow。
A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help
6. ---— I didn’t hear you come in last night.
—--- That’s good。 We tried_____ noisy。
A。 not be B。 not to be C. to be not D. to not be
7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced， this city is still ______。
A。 a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place
C。 a good place to live in D。 living in as a good place
8。 —--- Why was the official meeting called?
—--- ______ new officers。
A。 Select B. Selecting C. To select D。 For selecting
9. —-—— Where did he go？
---- He went to another store ______.
A。 to buy pencils B。 for buying pencils C。 buy pencils D。 buying pencils
10. ——-- My baby has a heart trouble。
-—-- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ？
A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D。 to treat
11。 —--— Did the judge ask you many questions?
—-—- Yes, and ______.
A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult
C. they were difficult to answer D。 they had difficulty in answering
12。 That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday。
A. not to have eaten B。 not to eat C。 didn't eat D。 to not have eaten
13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.
A。 go B。 to go C。 going 。 D。 went
14。That box is____。
A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it
C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry
15。 Would you be ______ to do me a favor, please？
A. so kind as 。 B. too kind C. as kind as D。 enough kind
16. To learn to speak English well,_____.
A. much practice is needed B。 one needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice
17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job。
A. so not as to B。 so as not to C. so as to not D。 not so as to
18。 Last summer I took a course on ______ .
A. how to make dresses B。 how dresses be made
C。 how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
19. The house is not large enough ____ 。
A。 to live in B。 to be lived in C。 to live D. for living
20。 Nobody likes ______.
A。 to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C。 speaking ill of D. spoken ill of
21。 I know him ______ a good football player while in college.
A。 to have been B。 to be C. was D。 had been
22。 I was surprised______。
A。 watching him to eat so quickly B。 watch him eat so quickly
C. watching him eat so quickly D。 to watch him eat so quickly
23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.
A. enter B。 to enter C. entered D. to entering
24。 I saw Mary ____ the house.
A. open the door and go into B。 to open the door and to go into
C。 open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into
25。 Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.
A. play B。 to play C。 playing D. played
26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.
A。 waited B。 waiting C。 to wait D. wait
27。 I don't know her and I don’t ______ 。
A. want B. want to C。 want it D。 to want
28。 --—- Go to the theatre with me, will you？
———— I should like ______, but I don't have time。
A. to B。 too C. to do D. to go to
29. To play fair is as important as ______.
A. to play well B. play well C。 we play well D。 playing well
30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______.
A。 loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved
C. to love and to be loved D。 love and be loved
31. _____ is better to love than _____ .
A. That， to be loved B. That， be loved C. It， be loved D. It， to be loved
32。 It’s very foolish _____ it?
A。 for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D。 in your saying
33。 It ______ me two hours to find your new house.
A. cost B。 took C。 spent D. used
34。 We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly。
A。 rejected B。 to reject 。C. to be rejected D. rejecting
35。 He told her ______ there at once。
A。 get B. gets C. should get D。 to get
36。 We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.
A。 for you making B。 of you to make C。 you to make D。 for you to make
37. I really don't know ____ 。
A. to swim B. how to swim C。 to swim how D。 how swim
38. --—- What do you think about English? -—-- It’s a difficult language _____.
A. speaking B. to be spoken C。 to speak D. Spoken

1~5 DDACC 6~10 BCCAD 11～15 CABAA 16～20 BBAAB 21～25 ADBAA 26~30 DBAAC 31～35 DBBCD 36～38 BBCbut前有do，省to,无do，加to。（1）（动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如:It is good to help each other。(2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants' children。我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up… 为表语,主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。（3）①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician。；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad， sorry， afraid, pleased， determined, willing， eager, anxious， ready, sure等，如:I am determined to give up smoking。；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street。 如果句中的谓语动词为see， hear， watch， notice, have, make， let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street。(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way。 （6）作定语:动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on。 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place， time, way,不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去,如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live。（7）作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了)，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首,如：She reads China Daily every day in order to （so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果,如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest。 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice， kind， wise， silly， stupid, foolish， right, wrong， careless， impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day。4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem。5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:（1）动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis。(同时）；（2)动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting。（3）动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in。7、动词不定动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet。
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