备战高考英语通用版一轮复习专题20-情景交际.docx

备战2011届高考英语（通用版）一轮复习 专题20 情景交际【考纲解读】 高考研究高考英语情景交际考点是用来考查考生在一定语境下对应答或习惯表达的掌握情况。其实质是对学生口语能力进行一种书面的考查。一般来说，高考中对于情景交际试题要求主要包括英语新课程标准中所涉及的68个话题。主要体现在社会交往(问候、告别、道歉、祝愿、祝贺等)中人的态度(同意或不同意；喜欢或不喜欢；肯定或不肯定；可能或不可能；能够或不能够等)或表示的一种情感(高兴、惊奇、忧虑、安慰、满意、遗憾、同情等)等。 【知识要点】 对情景交际的考查是英语高考中的一种潮流。它的目的主要在于考查考生对英语知识的理解及应用，从而检测出考生对英语的驾驭能力。 国家高中英语新课标列出了11个方面共66个功能意念项目以及24个话题项目。下面是最常用的一些情景交际语境。 1.Introduction(介绍) This is Mr Smith. Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you. 2.Greetings(问候) How are you doing? Very well,thank you. 3.Thanks(感谢) Thank you very much. Its a pleasure./My Pleasure./Thats OK./Youre welcome./Dont mention it./Thats all right. 4.Apologies(道歉) Im sorry for losing your radio. Thats OK./Its all right./Never mind./Its nothing./Forget it./It doesnt matter. 5.Invitation(邀请) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? Thank you./No, thank you. 6.Asking for permission(请求允许) Would/Do you mind my smoking here? Of course,you can./Go ahead,please. Im sorry,its not allowed./Im afraid not. 7.Expressing wishes and congratulations(祝愿和祝贺) Im going to have an English Exam. Good luck! I have just won the first prize in the maths competition. Congratulations! 8.Offering help(提供帮助) Shall I help you with that? Yes,please./Yes,thanks. No,thanks./Thank you all the same. 9.Making appointments(约会) Lets make it at 5:30. All right.See you then. 10.Making telephone calls(打电话) Hello! May I speak to Tom?/Is that Tom speaking? Just a moment, please./Sorry. He isnt in just now. /Hold the line, please. /Hello. This is Mary speaking. 11.Having meals(就餐) Would you like something to eat/drink? Yes,Id like a drink./Id like rice and chicken. No,thank you.Ive had enough. 12.Seeing a doctor(就医) Whats the matter? Im not quite myself./I feel terrible(bad,horrible.). I have a headache./There is something wrong with. 13.Shopping购物 What can I do for you?/May I help you? I want/Id like a pair of sports shoes. 14.Asking the way(问路) Excuse me.Where is the post office?/Excuse me.Which is the way to the post office?/Can(Could) you tell me the way to the post office?/How can I get to the post office? Its over there./Go down this street until you see the tall red building.You cant miss it./You can take bus No.23./Turn left at the first crossing./Sorry,I dont know.Im a stranger here. 15.Talking about weather(谈论天气) Whats the weather like today?/How is the weather today? Its nice/fine/sunny/cloudy/rainy/snowy/foggy. 16.Sympathy(同情) My mother is ill.I have to stay at home and look after her. Im sorry to hear that. 17.Frequency(频度) How often do you go to movies? Once a week. 18.Praise and encouragement(赞扬和鼓励) You speak excellent English. Thank you.典题链接英语是一种交流工具。为考查考生的能力，交际用语在高考中一直有所体现。高考对日常用语的考查范围主要集中在以下5个方面： 1.请求许可与回答： May I turn down the radio a bit? _,if you insist. A. No B. My pleasure C. All right D. Thats right 本题选C项。上文在征询意见，请求许可。下文尽管有点不乐意，还是同意了。All right,OK都可以。如果没有if you insist,可以爽快地说Go ahead/Yes,of course. Do you mind my smoking here? _. A. No, please dont B. I dont want you to C. Im afraid I dont D. Id rather you didnt 本题选D项，用Id rather主观愿望句表示不同意。用虚拟语气显得比较客气，委婉。如果直截了当地说，就用Im afraid I do.这样显得有点不客气。 2.请求帮助、提供帮助、接受帮助或拒绝帮助 Would you do me a favor of posting this letter? _. A. Its my pleasure B. No trouble C. Yes, thats right D. With pleasure 本题选D项。With pleasure是Ill do that with pleasure.（我很乐意）的省略。而A项是你帮过忙，别人致谢时，你的回答。我很荣幸。 Let me carry the bag for you, professor. Thank you._. A. Go ahead B. Here you are C. I can manage D. Take it 本题选C项。I can manage(it).我自己能行；A项go ahead 前面说过，是别人请求许可时的爽快回答；B项意思是给你；D项是叫别人收下什么时说的。 Sir, can I ask a favor? _ A. Im sorry, but what? B. Sure, what is it? C. Yes, you could. D. Id love to. 本题选B项。先同意，然后问是什么。C项对别人应该说Yes, you can.有求于人时才用委婉的could;而D项与上文不符。 3.就餐场合 How do you want the beef? _. A. Small B. Thin C. Hot D. Medium 本题选D项。上文问的是牛肉要几成熟？只有D项Medium(七八成熟，不老不嫩）是正确的回答。当然还有rare(嫩一点)或Well-done(老一点)。 Can I help you, sir? _. A. Yes, you can B. No, I dont need any help C. Of course, if you like D. No, thanks, Im being served 本题选D项。对话发生在餐馆。服务员问：先生要点些什么食物？顾客回答：不，我已经点过了。选项A和C人称用错；选项B语气不委婉；Im being served. 已经点过，只是点的东西还没上来。故选D。 4.问路 Its several blocks away. Let me draw you a map. _. A. Thanks B. Oh, I would really appreciate that C. Thatll be OK D. Oh, you dont have to 本题选B项。就上下文来说B项最合适，A、C两项略显冷淡了点，对于帮了大忙的人，光Thanks和OK不足以表达感谢之情。 _. Oh, look at my poor sense of direction. A. Let me help you B. This way, please C. Here it is D. No hurry 本题选B项。这是发生在路上的对话。根据下文“看我这方向感！”，可知走错路了。所以上文应该是“这边请！” 5.祝贺和祝愿 Happy Fathers Day, Dad! _. A. You are welcome B. Thats all right C. Thank you D. The same to you 本题选C项。子女对父亲说：父亲节快乐。父亲回答：谢谢。或Its nice of you to say so.真是好孩子！ Have a sweet dream, Honey! _. A. Thanks, anyway B. I will C. All right D. You too 本题选D项。晚上父母把孩子送上床，然后说：做个好梦。回答：你也是。在其他相互祝愿的情况下You too 都可用。如在party上:Enjoy yourself!You too.碰到熟人:Have a nice day.You too.过年过节：Have a happy new year!You too.而A项是别人帮你的忙没帮上时说的话，“不管怎么说，还是要谢谢你。” 【考点诠释】 英语交际型试题主要考查考生对英语知识的理解和应用能力，考查考生对中西方文化差异的掌握情况及对英语的使用和驾驭能力。在高考英语试题中，交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。命题方式有以下几种。 考点1 习惯应答类 许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目，我们要遵循他们的习惯进行回答。如： 1常用于感谢的应答用语有：You are welcome/Dont mention it/It is my pleasure(My pleasure)/Not at a11/Thats all right/Im glad(happy)that/Im glad you like(enjoy)it 2常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind/It doesnt matter/Not at a11/Thats all right/That is nothing 3常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you/Have a nice time/Wish you a pleasant journey/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Happy birthday to you而应答用语有：Thank you/The same to you/You too 4接受请求和邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure/Id be happy(glad)to/Yes，help yourself/No problem/Good idea/Sounds good/Why not?拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but/Id rather you/Thank you，but/No way!/Forget it。 5其他场景习惯应答用语考生也应注意。问候的应答用语 有：How do you do/Fine，thank you介绍的应答用语有：Very glad(pleased)to see you接电话的习惯用语有：This is Li Ming speaking道别的习惯用语有：Bye/So long/See you later服务人员的应答用语有：Yes，Sir/Yes，Madame/Take your time考点2 破交际定势类 汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维，避免母语交际定势的干扰，要根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答。如：当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美自己时，习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话；而英美人则不同，他们总是先接受对方的夸奖，再表示谢意。如： 一Youve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner，MrsWang王太太，您给我们提供了一顿极好的中式晚餐。 Im glad you enjoyed it我很高兴你们喜欢。 典例：Thank you very much for the gifts you sent me. _. A. No thanks B. Im glad you like it C. Please dont say so D. No, its not so good 考点3 语言结构类 这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)居多。如当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，believe)SO/Yes，Imafraid SO对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度，则说：No，I dont think(suppose) so/No，I dont believe so/No，I believe(suppose)not/No，I hope not/No，I am afraid not“Do you mind?”常用于表示请求对方允许。如果同意，则用“No，go ahead/No，of course not/No，not at a11”等来回答；如果不同意，可用“Im sorry I do”来回答。 考点4 情景用语类 根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。如表示不肯定或没把握，人们会说：I am afraid that/It depends表示不耐烦和催促的用语有： Well，well/Come on/Hurry up!表示惊奇和有把握的用语有：No wonder/No doubt如： 一What do you want to do next?We have half an hour until the basketball game接下来你准备做什么?在篮球赛之前我们还有半小时。 一Its up to youWhatever you want to do is fine with me这取决于你。你想做什么我都同意。【高考链接】 1.(2010高考英语重庆卷,35)-Have you played baseball before? We need one more player. -_. I like ball games, so I believe it will be to learn baseball. A. Sometimes B. Not really C. Never mind D. Thats cool 【答案】B 【解析】考查交际用语。not really 说明自己没打过棒球，与后面的“我认为学打棒球很有趣”相吻合。 2.(2010高考英语重庆卷,26)-Honey, lets go out for dinner. -_ I dont have to cook. A. Forgot it! B. Thats great! C. Why? D. Go ahead. 3.(2010高考英语浙江卷,18)According to my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold. _, scientists agree with her. A. Sooner or later B. Once in a while C. To be exact D. Believe it or not 【答案】D 【解析】考查短语辨析。根据我奶奶的看法，感冒时最好喝鸡汤。确实如此，科学家也这么认为的。此处Believe it or not表示“信不信由你，确实”的含义，符合语境。sooner or later表示“迟早”；once in a while表示“时不时，偶尔，间或”；to be exact表示“确切地说”。 4.(2010高考英语浙江卷,13)Would she mind playing against her former teammates? _ She is willing to play against any tough players. AI think so. BIm not surprised. COf course. DNot likely! 5.(2010高考英语天津卷,7)Professor Johnson, Im afraid I cant finish the report within this week. _ How about next week? A. Good for you B. It wont bother me C. Not at all D. Thats OK 【答案】 D 【解析】考察交际用语。A项意为对你有好处；B项意为它不会让我感到烦恼；C项意为不客气；D项意为可以，那好吧。句意为：“约翰逊教授，恐怕我不能在本周内完成报告。好吧，下周如何？” 6.(2010高考英语天津卷,2)Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me? Sure. _ ? A. What help B. What is this C. What is it D. What do you want 【答案】C 【解析】考查交际用语。句意为“打扰你了，你能帮我个忙吗？当然。什么事情？”，A项意为中国式英语；B项意为“这是什么”；C项意为“到底是什么”；D项意为“你想要什么”。 7.(2010高考英语四川卷,13)一Im sorryThat wasnt of much help 一Oh，_ As a matter of fact，it was most helpful Asure it was Bit doesnt matter Cof course not Dthanks anyway 8.(2010高考英语四川卷,1)Heres your change. _ A. Thank you. B. Dont mention it. C. No problem D. With pleasure. 【答案】A 【解析】考查日常用语。句意为：“这是找你的零钱。”“谢谢”。A符合语境。B用于回答道谢或道谦；C、D用于回答求助。 9.(2010高考英语陕西卷,25)What a fine day! Shall we go picnicking? _ . But we need to be home before six oclock for the football match. A. Have a nice time. B. Pardon me C. Thats great D. You are right 【答案】C 【解析】考查交际用语。从后面的转折“但我们需要在六点前赶回家看足球赛”可知，答话人已经同意接受对方的邀请。C项“好极了”符合语境。A项“祝你玩得开心”，表示祝愿；B项“原谅我”在请求对方原谅时用；D项”你说得对”表示同意对方的看法。 10.(2010高考英语陕西卷,13)CWhats the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs. _ .It must be the window-cleaner working next door. A. Im not sure B. I hope not C. Id rather not D. I dont think so 11.(2010高考英语山东卷,34) Her father is very rich. _ She wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered. A. What for? B. So what? C. No doubt. D. No wonder. 【答案】 B 【解析】考查交际英语在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“-她父亲非常富裕。-那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。”表示“那又怎么样？”用So what? 。What for？表示“为了什么？”；No doubt 表示“毫无疑问”；No wonder 表示“毫不奇怪”。 12.(2010高考英语山东卷,21)Do you think you could do without help? _ _. This is not the first time for me. A. Take care B. Hurry up C. Not exactly D. Dont worry 【答案】 D 【解析】本题考查交际用语的使用。根据后置语境This is not the first time for me可知，答语应表示“没问题，别担心”之意，所以D项符合语境。 13.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,21)Ill do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors? _. AYes, please BNo, I dont C. Yes, sure D. No, not at all 【答案】C 【解析】考查交际英语。第一个人说，“我来洗餐具。杰克，你来拖地板，好吗?”答语为“当然可以”。根据语境选C项。 14.(2010高考英语江西卷,21) Do you enjoy your present job? _ _. I just do it for a living. A Of course B Not really C Not likely D Not a little 【答案】B 15.(2010高考英语江苏卷,27)-Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? -_.Ours is much stronger than theirs. A. Of course B. It depends C. Dont mention it D. By no me ans 【答案】D 【解析】考察交际用语。根据答语的后句可知答话认为我们的乒乓球队比他们的更强，所以他们的乒乓球队绝不可能在即将到来的亚运会上获得第一名，by no means表示“绝不”。C项用来回答别人的感谢，意为“不客气”。 16.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,35) Was he sorry for what hed done? _. A. No wonder B. Well done C. Not really D. Go ahead 【答案】 C 【解析】考查交际用语。“他对自己的所作所为后悔吗?”：“不太后悔。”not really表示否定，语气较弱，符合语境。no wonder一难怪，“怪不得”；well done“做得不错”；go ahead“继续，接着”，均不符合语境。因此答案为C。17.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,31)一Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mum? _ Wait till you are old enough, dear. A. will you? B. Why not? C. I hope so. D. Im afraid not. 【答案】D 【解析】考查交际用语。根据空后的答语“Wait till you are old enough，dear”可知答句句意应为：你现在还太小，不能去爬山。因此应选择表示否定的答语，故选D。 18.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,18)CCan I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today？ -_ _， were just looking. A. Yes，please B. No, thank you C. Yes ， you can D. No, you neednt 【答案】B 【解析】情景交际考查。句意为：“需要我帮忙吗？你需要点什么特别的东西吗？”“不，谢了。我们只是看看而已。”这是发生在商店里的售货员和顾客之间的对话，这一点从we are just looking可以看出来。虽然不需要帮助，拒绝的时候也要委婉礼貌。而且要符合逻辑。选B。 19.(2010高考英语安徽卷,35)一_? That would be great! Please drop me off at the library ACould you bring me the bill BWould you like me to give you a lift CCould you tell me the postcode for Paris DWould you like to have my e-mail address 20.(2010高考英语安徽卷,24)一Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program? 一_ ，does it? A. It takes no time B. It counts for nothing CIt doesnt hurt to ask DIt doesnt，t make sense20 20