初中英语比较级最高级.doc

形容词与副词第一节 形容词与副词【No.1】功能形容词常用于修饰名词，说明该词的性质、特征等。它在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，如： The primitive language of signs is not always very clear.（定语）原始语言手势的意思并非总是很清楚的。 Groups of new, modern buildings have sprung up along the river.（定语）一群群新的现代建筑沿江拔地而起。The football game was marvelous.（表语）足球赛精彩极了。 Im sorry that Im late.（表语） 对不起，我迟到了。 Dont leave the door open, please.（宾补） 请不要将门敞着。 He spent three days in the snow, cold and hungry. （状语） 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了两天。 【No.2】区别1. 有些形相似、义相别的词 如：alone（独自地） lonely（孤独的）alive（活的） living（活生生的） lively（活跃的）blooming（花正开的） booming（繁荣的）credible（可靠的） creditable（高贵的） considerable（应考虑的；相当多的） considerate（体贴人的）desirous（想望的） desirable（合意的） efficient（有效力的） sufficient（足够的） exhaustive（彻底的） exhausting（使人筋疲力尽的） healthy（健壮的） healthful（有益健康的） healthily（旺盛地；相当大地） honorable（荣誉的） honorary（名誉的） historic（历史性的） historical（历史上的）imaginative（富于想象力的）imaginable可想象到的） imaginary（想象的） industrial（工业的） industrious（勤勉的） legible（易读的） eligible（合格的） later（较迟的） latter（后者的） likely（可能的） likable（可爱的） respectful（有礼貌的） respective（各自的） respectable（可尊敬的）respecting（说到、关于）2. -ly 结尾的形容词在英文里，有些形容词是以-ly 结尾的，不要误认为是副词。这类词常见的有：brotherly（友爱的） deadly（致命的） earthly（世俗的） friendly（友好的） likely（可能的） leisurely（空闲的） lovely（可爱的）manly（男子气概的） weekly（每周一次的） yearly（每年一次的）3. 行为动词作系动词用时，后面要接行容词作表语。在英语动词中，有一部分行为动词可用作连系动词，后面应接形容词作表语，不要误用副词。这类常用作系动词的行为动词有下面几种情况：A. 表示变成某种状态的动词：become , come , fall , get , grow , make , prove , run ,turn , turn out例如：Our country becomes stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大。Milk is liable to turn bad in summer .夏天，牛奶容易变质。 The child fell asleep . 孩子睡着了。 Our holidays come near . 我们的假期临近。 B. 表示保持某种状态的动词： continue , hold , keep , lie , remain , rest , sit , stand , stay 如：The weather continued cold .天气持续寒冷。Hold still .不要动。 Keep still while I photograph you .我给你照相时，请不要乱动。 They remained quiet when they listened to the story .他们听故事时一直很安静。 C. 表示感觉的动词：appear , feel , look , seem , smell , sound , taste 例如： She appeared happy at the good news. 她听到这好消息时显得很高兴。 Silk feels soft. 绸子摸起来很软。 He looks unwell today .他今天看上去相似身体不适。 I am sure that the soup tastes good.第二节 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法(1) 符合规则的情 况加 法例 词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -estall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原 级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest第三节 形容词与副词的比较级英文中的形容词和副词一般都有三种级的形式即：原级，比较级和最高级。【No.1】概述1) 同级比较往往由as + 形容词/ 副词的原形 + as的句式表达；当然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一个as前加倍数或程度副词的情况。2)比较级 + than引导不同级的比较。比较级 前同样可以加倍数或程度副词。另外no more than意思是A和B一样不 。3) 要注意几种比较级的特殊句型，如：the + 比较级，the + 比较级，意思是越越；以及比较级 + and + 比较级意思是越来越，等。【No.2】1） 同级比较中有两种情况：# 表示双方情况一模一样，用as + 原级 + as的结构；# 表示双方情况不（那么）一样，用not so / as + 原级 + as的结构。在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词；在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格（一般不要接代词的宾格）。例如：My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹与他的一样沉。 His bedroom is not as neat as his sisters. 他的寝室没有他姐姐的整洁。It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不象昨天那么热。I cant speak English as fast as a native speaker. 我说英文没有以英语为母语的人说得快。 2）另外，在as as 的结构中，第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词、或是某些副词修饰语：twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly（根本不）, by no means（绝不）, quite 等等。例如：Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亚洲有欧洲的四倍大（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本没有罗伯特高。Cast iron is almost as useful as steel. 铸铁差不多与钢一样有作用。She hasnt been quite so unlucky as she pretends. 她还没有象她常装出的那样不幸。3） 在as as 的结构中，我们还常见这样两种句型：as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as 。例如：She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does. 她在面包上涂的黄油与琼通常涂的一样多。He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。4）不同级的比较主要用表示于人与人、事物与事物之间不同之处的比较，其意义为A比B更（怎么样）一些。常用的结构是比较级 + than 。例如：They worked even harder than they promised. 他们工作得比他们答应的还要卖力。This street is narrower than that one. 这条街比那条街窄一些。5) 在比较级 + than的结构前可以加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词，以对其进行修饰，如：far（远），even（甚至），much（许多），still（更，还），a lot（许多），a little / bit（一点），rather（相当地），slightly（略微），not any（不再），three times （三倍、），等等。例如：This book is far more interesting than that one. 这本书比那一本有趣多了。Youve been working much harder than I have. 你一直比我工作得努力多了。 She came even earlier than I asked (him to). 她来得甚至比我叫她来的时间还要早。6) 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构是：The + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子。和 比较级+ and + 比较级 。前一个句型结构表示的意义是越（怎么样就）越（怎么样），在这个结构中的两个比较级不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定；后一个句型结构表示的意义是越来越（怎么样），在这个结构中的两个 比较级则要求词性相同。例如：The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。The more we have, the more we want. 人欲无穷。When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder .冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。He became less and less satisfied with the football teams performance. 他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。7) 没有比较对象的比较结构。所谓没有比较对象的比较结构不是指省略而言，而是指并非真正的比较。例如： The car runs faster than 110 miles. 那辆车时速为110多英里。There is more than one solution to the problem. 这个问题的解决办法不止一个。The daily cost in an average hospital in the United States can run as high as $250 . 在美国普通医院的每天的费用可高达250美元。8) 用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下，往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人或事相比较。做这种句子时有一点要特别注意-别忘了常在比较状语中用any ,other , else类的字眼，以将比较主体排除在比较对象以外，因为自己不可以与自己相比较。例如： He is taller than anyone else in our class. 他在我们班比其他任何都高。Iron is more useful than any other metals. 铁比其他任何金属更有作用。9) no + 比较级 + than的结构表示A和B一样不。例如：She runs no faster than her sister. 她与她妹妹一样跑不快。Tom is no wiser than John. 汤姆和约翰一样没有聪明才智。He is no richer than his brother. 他与他弟弟一样不富有。10)比较和倍数的表达方法：在表达一方是另一方的若干倍时，常用如下表达方式：（1）“倍数asadjadv（原级） as”,在两个as之间可用many（修饰可数名词），much（修饰不可数名词）和其它相应的词。（2）“倍数adjadv（比较级）than”（3）“倍数the size heightlength weight width /depthofthe名词”。如“你们的操场比我们的操场大四倍（是我们操场的五倍大）”可分别译作：（1）Your playground is five times as large as ours（2）Your playground is four times larger than ours（3）Your playground is five times the size of ours第四节 形容词与副词的最高级【No.1】概述最高级的一般表达方式是“最高级 + 表示范围的状语”，其意义是某人、某事在某个范围内最 。使用这种结构时我们应该注意，形容词的最高级前面一般说来要加用定冠词the ，而副词的最高级前面的定冠词往往可以省略。例如：He is the tallest of the three boys. 那三个男孩中他最高。That is the biggest lake in our province. 那是我省最大的一条湖。Joe runs fastest in our school .桥在我们学校跑得最快。【No.2】尽管这种结构比较单一、简单，但我们也要注意下面的情况 1）of后接名词，用来说明最高级的范围，其实也是比较对象；而among 的后面往往是接带有最高级的名词词组，说明主体是最之一。例如：This novel is the most interesting of the three. 在这三部小说中，这一部最有趣。She is the tallest of the girls in our class. 她是我们班女孩中的最高个儿。I believe Einstein is among the greatest scientists. 我相信爱因斯坦是最伟大的科学家之一。Yellow River is among the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河流之一。2）形容词的最高级前面不用定冠词the的几种情况A.形容词的最高级作表语（或者说，作主语补足语），并且又不与其他人或事相比较，通常在其前不用定冠词the 。例如：The market in the country is busiest in winter. 乡下集市冬季里最繁忙。It is best to go and ask the teacher .最好去问老师。The well is deepest at this point .这口井在此处最深。B.形容词的最高级作非常、极其解时，通常在其前也不用定冠词the,但是可以用不定冠词a 。例如：His father is a most leaned man. 他爸爸是一位极有学问的人。She is most beautiful.她非常漂亮。When studying at college , I was in closest touch with Leon . 读大学时，我与里昂关系非常密切。C.如果形容词的最高级前已有人称代词的所有格、或是名词的所有格形式、指示代词等修饰语时，其前也不再用定冠词the了。例如：Her greatest wish is to be an air hostess after her graduation. 她最大的愿望是毕业后当一名空姐。His most educational hobby is stamp-collecting.他最具教育意义的嗜好是集邮。D. 当两个形容词的最高级同时修饰一个名词时，后面一个形容词的最高级前的定冠词the通常被省略了。例如：He is the oldest ,but most energetic of my colleagues . 在我的同事中，他是最年长的，却是最有活力的。This is the most effective and most economic solution to the problem .这是最有效且最经济的解决问题的办法。He is the youngest and most famous athlete in the world. 他是世界上最年青、最著名的运动员。专项练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级old_ _ young_ _long_ _ short_ _ strong_ _ big_ _ small_ _fat_ _ thin_ _ heavy_ _ nice_ _ good_ _ beautiful_ _ low_ _ high_ _ slow_ _ fast_ _litte_ _ early_ _ far_ _ well_ _二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is _(fat) than Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is _(long) than Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nncy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not _ (tall)than the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys? No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow). 德语学习 15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are2、谁比Dvid更强壮？_ _ than Dvid? 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I m.5、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.6、Yng ng每天睡得比SuYng晚。 Yang ang goes to bed _ than Su Ying every dy. 7、我跳得和Mike一样远。 I jump as _ as Mike. 8、Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 公务员考试教材 _ Tom _ _ thn you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.9、多做运动，你会更强壮。 Do more exercise, youll _ _ soon. 10、我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese. 11、我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_.all my_ _ _than me.12、你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates? No,they_as_as me.13、我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _.14、她的毛衣和我的一样重。_sweater_ as_as_.15、Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)Im _ as _ as Mike .四、选择最佳答案填空：1 Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can run _ to catch up with them. A. slowly enough B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little3. Its such an _ film that all the students are _ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _. A. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents healthy conditions. A. some times B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times6. We dont have _ every day. A. a lot of school works B. many school work C. any school works D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running! -Oh, yes! They are nearly _. A. up and down B. slower and slower C. more or less D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be. A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _. A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one? A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult11. A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m. said the policeman _. A. serious, serious B. seriously, seriously C. seriously, serious D. serious, seriously12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one. A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as15. The station is two kilometers _ the hospital. A. away to B. far away C. far from D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. very C. too D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it. A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world. A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas. A. so B. such C. too D. even20. The cake smells _. Please throw it away. A. good B. badly C. bad D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday? - It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out. A. hardlyhard B. hardly hardly C. hard hardly D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they havent got everything ready_. A. ever B. already C. yet D. still23. - What about the English novel? - Its not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it. A. few B. a few C. many D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard _. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice25. Mr Smith always has _ to tell us. A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C.some good piece of news D. some piece of good new26. Im afraid the headmaster is _ busy to meet the visitors. A. too much B. much too C. so much D. very much27. - Dad , when will you be free? You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago. - I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _ holiday soon. A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day28. The scenery in Sanya looks _, especially Tian Ya Hai Jiao is _. A, well, best B. fine, the most famous C. nice, better D. beautifully, the best29. What a _ day it is! Lets go out for a walk. A. windy B. lovely C. rainy D.cloudy30. Of the two Australian students , Masha is _ one. I think you can find her easily. A, tallest B, the taller C. taller D. the tallestKey 1-5 CCADC DDBCC DCDCD ABDAC CCADB BBBBB