人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解.doc

舒城二中付代和整理unit 11. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?【注】：matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词, wrong 是adj. 不能加the.【习】：Whats the matter _ Tom. He is wet through. His car ran _ the river. A.with; in B.to; into C.with; into【拓展】matter的用法 (1) It doesnt matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）【习】：Im very sorry. I broke your tea cup. _. A. It doesnt matter B. Youd better not C. Take it easy D. Its too bad (2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。 疑问&否定 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have an accident have a sore ( 因发炎引起的肌肉疼 ) throat/back 患喉咙/背痛 have a heart problem have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛 have a cough咳嗽 其他： cut+身体器官 hurt+身体器官 get hit ( V-ed ) on the head（by sth.）摔在头上【习】：I didnt sleep well last night, because I _ a toothache . A. was B. went C. had D. tookhave ( some ) problems ( in ) doing 做某事有困难back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面 go/come back 返回 give back 归还hand n. 手 V. 交给；传递hand in hand 手拉手 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发3. 身体部位+ache（持续性的疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache4. too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much太多后接不可数名词There is too much rain these days修饰动词，放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.too many太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修饰形容词或副词Its much too cold in winter.【习】：Mr. Smith eats _ food, so hes _ fat. A .much too; too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的。修饰名词时，放在名词前、后 enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”， 放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.【习】：What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _ , but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful; enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored5. 反身代词 反身代词的构成 一、二人称的反身代词构成: 形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成 单数：myself yourself 复数：ourselves yourselves 第三人称的反身代词: 构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves 单数：himselfherselfitself 复数： themselves 反身代词的常见搭配： enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 introduce oneself to 自我介绍 hurt oneself 受伤 反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。 I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东 西）”时，须要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 Im drawing with my own crayons.【习】：Boys, dont lose_ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time. A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. yourselves6. lie down 躺下 lie in 位于，在于 lay , lain , lying tell lies 说谎 lie to sb. 对说谎 lied , lied, lying7. drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些热的蜂蜜水 with ：prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。（反） without She is a girl with long hair. 【习】：He has a sore throat . He should _. A. see a dentist B. drink hot tea with honey C. drink a lot of milk D. eat nothing prep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my friends. prep 用.， 表示“使用某种工具” Cut it with a knife. 8. see a dentist and get an X-ray 看医生并且做个X光检查 see a dentist = go to the dentists看牙医 see a doctor 【习】：You are ill. You had better _ the doctor right now. A. look at B. see C. watch9. take ones temperature 量体温10. put some medicine on . 在.上敷药 put on 穿上，戴上 take off 脱下，摘下 put.in order put down 放下，记下，镇压 put off 推迟 put up 张贴，搭建，举起 put out 扑灭，熄灭11. feel , sound 感官系动词，后+形容词，否定前+助动词dont或doesnt. “感官动词+ like ： feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像 sound like 听起来像12. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？Should I + V原？ should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务should not =shouldnt 不应该 主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形. . You should lie down and ( get some ) rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。【习】：Hurry up，or you _catch the train Acant Bneednt Cmustnt D. shouldnt13. on the weekend 在周末 all weekend 整个周末=the whole weekend 14. play computer games 玩电脑游戏15. Thats probably why. 大概这就是原因。16. need to do sth. 需要做某事 用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. 用于否定句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用【习】：Must I hand it in today? No. you _ . You can do it tomorrow. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt17. take breaks /take a break ( away from. ) 离开休息一下18. in the same way 以同样的姿势 by the way 顺便说一下 on ones way ( to ).19. for too long （持续时间）之久20. without doing sth.21. neck n.颈；脖子 neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌 face to face 面对面地22. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.23. 在条件、时间状语从句中，一般是主将从现。 引导条件状语的词： if（如果）；as long as . 引导时间状语的词：when , after, before, as soon as , not . until. 主句使用一般将来时，if从句要使用一般现在时。 My mother will take me to the park if she is free. 主句为含情态动词的句子，表示将来的含义，这时if从句也要使用一般现在时。 If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread. 主句是祈使句或是含有情态动词的句子(表示将来的意义)，if从句也要使用一般现在时。 Dont take part in such an activity if you are not strong enough. If it rains hard tomorrow, you should stay at home.24. 祈使句 定义：指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 结构： 1）. 肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. Be careful ! 2）否定的祈使句: Dont + 动词原形 Dont laugh at others. Never do sth. Never do that again! No + v-ing/n. No smoking! No noise, please. Lets not do sth. Lets not waste time. Dont let sb. do sth. Dont let them make any noise. 祈使句的考点：A: Dont forget to turn off the light. B: OK. I wont. A: Dont play on the road. B: Sorry. I wont. A: Remember to return it as soon as possible B: OK./All right./I will. 25. come from =be from来自26. along/ down 相同点： prep “顺着；沿着” 不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向 down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走”【习】：My father has habit(习惯) of jogging _ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning . A. between B. along C. over27. when 常常用来引出时间状语从句，当放在过去进行时构成的主句之后时，表示“某事正在进行时，另一件事情发生了。” I was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang.我正要洗澡，这时电话响了。28. see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）【习】：Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once. A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking29. on the side of the road 在路的一边30. next to .31. shout for help 大喊救命 ask ( sb. ) for help 向某人求助32. 24-year-old 24岁的 “数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名词用单数。【习】：She is a _ girl with two big eyes. A. Six-years- old B. six-year - old C. Six years old33. stop the bus 停下车 without thinking twice 没多想34. get off 下车 (反） get on 上车【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get to到达 【习】：If Ted can _ his difficulties, hell make great progress. A. come over B. get over C. get off D. come out35. have / has / had to 不得不，必须36. tell sb. ( not）to do sth. tell sb. sth. tell sth. to sb. tell sb. that.37. take sb. to sp. 38. expect sb. to do sth. 39. most / all of n.大部分或全部的40. wait for the next bus41. surprise v. 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 感到吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶 n 惊讶”to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 【习】：The fans were _ to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Huston. A. gladB.angry C. excitedD. surprised agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意 agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. agree to do sth 同意做某事 【习】：I think English is more useful than Chinese. I dont _ you. They are both useful.A. get on with B. catch up with C. talk with D. agree with42. move. onto the bus/train/plane/horse/bike/subway in the car/taxi43. thanks to 多亏；由于 thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后接感谢的对象， thanks for“因而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing，thanks相当于 thank you.【习】： _ the teacher, Ive made great progress.A. Thank you B. Thanks C. Thanks lot on time 准时/in time 及时 on time= at exactly the right time.准时（在规定的时间之内）强调与某个时刻一致in time = with enough time to spare/ not late及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生【短语】at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到时候 for the first time 第一次 【句型】 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间【习】：The teacher hope all of us can hand _ our homework _ time every day. A. up ; in B. out; on C. on; in D. in ; on44. Its +adj. +to do sth./ that从句45. not.any=no46. think about 考虑；认为，+V-ing/n.【短语】： think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行47. the driver of bus No. 2648. hit v. (hit/hit) ( 用手或器具）击；打 hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。49. right away/ now 立刻，马上 just now 刚才50. trouble n .问题；苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困难51. fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down 摔倒，强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bikefall off 指从某物上跌落下来。The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the bike.fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡【习】： Its not easy for Linda to _ last night, because she was too excited. A. go to bed B. fall asleep C. fall into D. fall over 52. run it under the water 跑; （使）流动; 延续; 行驶; 使奔跑; 使快速移动; 运行，经营53. feel sick 生病；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的 (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语. be sick of “讨厌；厌恶” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语. illness n.“病；疾病” be ill in hospital 生病住院54. in P.E. class do sports play volleyball/soccer.55. 使役动词 make, have, let+sb.+do sth.get+sb.+to do sth.56. look up 查阅 look down upon 看不起 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾look into 调查 look out 小心 look like 看起来像 look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃57. who 引导的定语从句定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 He is the boy who/that often helps me.【习】：Do you know the little boy _ is helping the old man cross the road? No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C. whom be interested in interest n 兴趣 interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语） interested adj. 对感兴趣（只做表语） v. 引起关注；使感兴趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth.对变得感兴趣 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对的极大兴趣; (1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对感兴趣 (2) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣【习】：This book is very _ and I am _ in it. A. interest; interest B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interested; interested58. as prep，作为，以身份。be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完Studying English is_(use).(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事We use Internet _(find) information.(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。I used to get up at six.(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters.【习】：How does Jack usually go to work? He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight. A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking59.“one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数” ， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 One of the most popular colors is red in China.【习】：A good book may be one of your best _(friend).60. There be ( are/were ) many times when + 定语从句 有很多次 almost / nearly almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多”、“几乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词,可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词,有时它们可以相互取代。 lose lost lost v 失去 lose ones life 失去生命 because of 由于； 因为 【注】： (1) because of +n/ving/代词宾格(用于句中) Shes worried because of her son. (2) because conj +从句 （引导原因状语从句） He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill. (3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子 Why do you like pandas? Because they are cute. (4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。【习】：Mo Yans books have been sold out in many book stores _ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize.A. because B. since C. as D. because of61. on 修饰具体的某一天 onaSundaymorning; onFriday【习】：When did the earthquake in Lushan happen? It happened _ 8:02 _ the morning of April 20, 2013. A. on; inB. at; in C. at; on D. on; on find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难in a . situation 在一种.的情况下 62.介词under, for 对于.来说， 为了，用来，由于，(表示时间)持续，花费，支持。 360-kilo 位于名词之前用作定语的复合修饰语之间，一般应加连字