初中英语时态语态.ppt

初中英语时态语态时态两现三一三过如今进展时如今完成时一般如今时一般过去时一般将来时过去进展时过去完成时过去将来时 看时间，定语态I learn English every day.I learned English yesterday.I will learn English next year.I am learning English now.I was learning English just now.I have learned English for three years.I had learned English 3 years by the end of last month.I said I would learn English the next day.初中常见的6种时态：一般如今时一般过去时如今进展时过去进展时如今完成时一般将来时各种时态的用法一、一般如今时1.用法：2.构造：主语+动词原形/动词单三形式3.标志词:1.The boy usually_(get)to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travels A.如今经常性的动作或状态B.客观事实和真理。always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day/week/month/year/她一到达那儿，就会给你写信。一般如今时的注意点:在when,as soon as,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中,If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go camping.假如明天不下雨，我们将去野营。She ll write to you as soon as she gets there.用一般如今时表示将来.主将从现当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句用一般如今时。Dont get off the bus until it _(stop).You may go out to play when you_(finish)your homework.stopsfinish某些以here，there开头的句子用一般如今时表示如今进展时。Here comes a car.There goes the bell.二、一般过去时1.用法：2.构造：2.标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday,three days ago,last night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago过去的动作或状态。【河北省卷】39.I _ a mistake.Please dont be angry with me.A.make B.made C.will make D am makingB主语+V-ed三、一般将来时1.用法：2.构造：将来的动作或状态。1will+动词原形 2am(is,are)going to+动词原形 3常用be doing表示将来的动词:go,come,leave,stay，start，begin等如：We are leaving for london.4be about to+do和be to+do表示即将发生的动作 The train is about to start.She is to be married next month.be going to与will/shall,be to do,be about to do的用法及区别：be going to 表示如今打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误)*be to do sth.表按方案、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、制止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.*be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.3.标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in(the)future,next week/month/term,from now on下面几种情况只用will/shall:表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:Will you please lend me your bike？We will help him if he asks us.表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow moring.三、如今进展时1.用法：2.构造:3.标志词：中考模拟：-Mike,who_football in the yard -Let me go and see.顺义A.has playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playingA.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进展的动作，此刻不一定在进展。now,Look!Listen!this week，these daysis/am/are+doing注意A.有几个瞬间动词可以用如今进展时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand -OK.I_.A.will comeB e C.am comingD.would come2.-When_you_for Toronto -Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leaveThe boy _always _ us!B.如今进展时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。You _ always _ the same mistake!ishelping(夸赞)aremaking(责备)四、过去进展时1.用法：2.构造：3.标志词：过去某时某段时间正在进展的动作。at that time,this time yesterday,then,when，last night，last year,at 9:00 yesterday；from seven to nine；yesterday,yesterday morningwas/were+doing含有when和while引导的时间状语：主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生，且进展时间较长时，主句用过去进展时，从句用一般过去时The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened.从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生时，且进展的时间较长时，从句用过去进展时，主句用一般过去时When he was playing，all of us sat still and listened.假设主从句动作同时进展时，从句一般用while引导He was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV.谁先发生谁用进展时1.用法：12五、如今完成时过去的动作对如今的影响。I have finished my homework.过去的动作持续到如今,还可能继续持续。I have stayed here for an hour！2.构造have/has+donealready,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段3.标志词 She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。4.瞬间动词和延续性动词 假设句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They got married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.I borrowed the book a week ago.10.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave kepthave hadhave been(to)和have gone(to)的区别：have/has been(to)表示“曾经去过某地,说话时此人很 可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人“已经去了某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。短暂性动词与延续性动词 将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有：a.用相应的延续性动词交换的主要有：buy have borrow keep catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know join the Party be a Party memberleave be away(from)die be deadbegin be on come here be herefall asleep be asleep join the Army be in the Armycome to work/live work/live begin to study/teach study/teachB.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为 表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时 He came here three months ago.C.用“It is/has been+一段时间+since (一般过去时)构造。It is/has been three months since he came here.D.用“多长时间+has passed+since(一般过去时)Three months has passed since he came here.(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如：误：How long have you borrow the book 正：How long have you kept the book 正：When did you borrow the book动词的时态构造歌谣 一般如今时，动词用原型；一般时单数三人称，动词加“s。一般过去时，动词加“ed。I work.He works.I worked.如今进展时,进展时过去进展时,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。将来时一般将来时，will加原型。完成时如今完成时，have/has加过分。Exercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it .A .will rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining 2.-Do you want to see the film“Harry Potter -The film“Harry Potter I _ it.Its very wonderful.(黄岗中考)A.see B.have seen C.was seeing D.has seen3.The boy _(not swim)in the river yet.hasnt swum5.-Where is Liu Mei -She_(go)home.4.-Where is your father-He _(watch)TV in the room.7.He asked what time they_(do)at eight last night.were doing8.I know that he _(join)the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain)tomorrow.If it _(rain)tomorrow,well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone9.Hes not hungry.He_ just_(have)lunch.11.-_the Blacks _(visit)the Great Wall before -Yes,they_.-When _they _(visit)it -Only a month ago.10.Im sure he _(work)it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment.A.wont come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997.A.has bought,bought.B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought3.She_the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday.，went B.was watering，went，was going D.was watering，was going4.I don t know if my friend_.If he _,Ill let you know.A es,comes B es,will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come5.It_10 years since I_here.A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came6.His brother_from home for a long time.A.has left B.has been away C.left D.will leave 7.-Lucy,_you_your ticket-Not yet.(2003河北省)A.did;findB.have;found C.has;foundD.do;find8.-I dont know if his uncle_-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A.will come;comes B.will come;will comeC es;comesD es;will come9.-Hurry up!Its time to leave.-OK,_.(2003江西)A.Im coming B.Ill comeC.Ive comeD.I come10.I must return the camera to Li Lei,I_it for two weeks.A.keepB.borrowedC.have keptD.have lent(2003辽宁)11.-When_ this kind of computer_ -Last year.(2002天津)A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used12.-Jerry,_you_your lost book-Not yet.A.did;findB.have;found C.has;foundD.do;find13.Do you know if_back next week If he_back,please let me know.(2002黑龙江)A.he comes,will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;comesD.will he come,will comebe+donebe+done被动语态的根本构造:有各种时态的变化考点一:一般如今时的被动语态：一般如今时的被动语态：am/is/are+doneam/is/are+done一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+donewas/were+done一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donewill+be+donebe going to+be+donebe going to+be+done如今完成时的被动语态：如今完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+donehave/has+been+done含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词 +be+done+be+done考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况:Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sells感官动词,和sell,write,wash，read，open，burn等动词用主动语态表被动.Many people _ during the earthquake in May,.A.were died B.dead C.diedhappen,die,fit,take place,come true，belong to等动词不使用被动.主动:被动:see/hear sb.do sthsee/hear sb.do sth be seen/heard to do sth be seen/heard to do sth make sb.do sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.be made to do sth.使役动词和感官动词再变为被动语态时必须复原toThe man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park.A.was made;was seen to throw B.was made to;was seen throwing C.made;saw Children should _.A.take good care of B.be taken good care C.be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词 Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repairneed/requir/want可以用-ing形式表示被动need to be done =need doingsth be worth doing是主动表被动This book is worth.A.read B.to read C.reading稳固训练：1.The key _for locking the classroom door.2.A new school _over there in two years.A.may built B.may be built C.is built 3.He was made _yesterday.A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried4.The PRC_on October 1,1949.A.was found B.is found C.was founded D.is founded 5.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.will giveBBBCCMany thnks!教学资料整理仅供参考，