定语从句讲解与考试.doc

when where why引导定语从句用法要点
1.先行词表示时间、地点、原因, 但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,应用关系代词that或which。如:
I’ll never forget the year 1976 was full of sadness. (作 语)
我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days I wasted in the woods. (作 语)
我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。
This is the factory produces cars. (作 语)
这就是那个生产小汽车的工厂。
This is the factory he visited yesterday. (作 语)
这就是他昨天参观的工厂。
This is the reason is unreasonable. (作 语) 这是一个没道理的理由。
This is the reason he raised. (作 语) 这是他提出的理由。
2. 关系副词有时相当于 “适当的介词+关系代词”。如:
① where=in/on which
This is the room he lives. 这就是他住的房间。
I can see the desk there is a book. 我能看见上面有一本书的那张桌子。
② when= on/in/at which
I still remember the year I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一年。
I still remember the day I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。
I still remember the date I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那个日子。
We shall never the days when/ in which we lived together.
③ why=for which
This is the reason he was killed. 这是他被杀害的原因。
3. 当point, situation等词作先行词表抽象的地点,其后常由where引导定语从句, where在定语从句中作地点状语。
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?
你能设想这个单词被使用的场合吗?
Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.
她的病发展到没人能治的地步。
定语从句类似结构例析
定语从句既是NMET命题的热点，又是中学英语教学中的重点和难点，其中有些句子是有关定语从句的，但也有些句子貌似定语从句而实际上是其它句型、句式，有的即使是定语从句却也截然不同。现将这些句子集中在一起进行对比并作简析，以供参考。
1．（1）The house, whose roof was damaged, has now been repaired．
（2）The house, the roof of which was damaged, has now been repaired．
析：句（1），（2）都是定语从句， whose ＝of which，但whose必须在无定冠词the的名词前，而of which常放在有定冠词the的名词后。
2．（1）John is one of the students who know English．
（2）John is the only one of the students who knows English．
析：句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，在"the（only）one of＋复数名词＋定语从句"结构中，先行词是one，而不是复数名词，故定语从句谓语动词用单数，但有"one of＋复数名词＋定语从句"句型中，先行词是复数名词，故定语从句谓语动词用复数。
3．（1）He failed in the exam again, as was expected．
（2）He failed in the exam again, which was not what he had expected．
（3）He failed in the exam again, which made his parents angry．
析：这三个句子都是非限定性定语从句，只是引导词不一样，而且as，which决不能互换。句中的as和which都是用来代替主句，而不是某个先行词。as可以放在句首，有"正如"之意，which不能放在句首，无"正如"之意。且定语从句是否定句时，用which而不用as。
4．（1）I'll never forget the days（that／which）I spent with him．
（2）I'll never forget the day when I stayed with him．
析：句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，但句（1）中先行词days在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故定语从句由关系代词that／ which引导，也可省略。句（2）中先行词day在定语从句中作时间状语，故定语从句可由关系副词when或on which引导。
5．（1）Give me the reason why you are late．
（2）The reason that he gave us was unacceptable．
析：句（1）是why引导的定语从句，相当于for which。句（2）是that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作gave的宾语。
6．（1）Here is such a heavy stone as I can't move．
（2）Here is such a heavy stone that I can't move it．
析：句（1）是定语从句，先行词前有 such修饰时用as引导，as在定语从句中作move的宾语。句（2）是such．．．that引导的结果状语从句。
7．（1）This is the same key as I lost yesterday．
（2）This is the same key that I lost yesterday．
析：句（1）和句（2）都是定语从句，但含义不同，句（1）是由as引导的，一般用在the same．．．as结构中，表达的意思是"像......一样"；故句（1）的意思是"这把钥匙和我昨天丢的那把是一样的。"而句（2）是由that引导的定语从句，句（2）的含义是"这就是我昨天丢的那把钥匙（是同一把钥匙）。
8．（1）I believed the man who I thought was honest．
（2）I believed the man whom I thought to be honest．
析：句（1）who作定语从句的主语，故用主格，句（2）whom作thought的宾语，故用宾格。
9．（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．
（2）This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet．
析：句（1）是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，这时的 where也可以由at which代替。句（2）是由连接副词where引导的地点状语从句，这时的where不可以由介词＋which代替。
10．（1）There are two boys in Peter's, both of whom are white．
（2）There are two boys in Peter's, and both of them are white．
析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。句（2）因为有并列连词and所以是并列句。
11．（1）As is known to us all, the light on the earth is given by the sun．
（2）It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun．
析：句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵活，可以位于句首，句末或插在句中。as代替整个主句，在定语从句中充当主语。句（2）是含有主语从句的复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
12．（1）The sun is bigger than the moon, as we all know．
（2）The sun is bigger than the moon, and we all know it．
析：句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替整个主句，在定语从句中作know的宾语。句（2）是由and连接的并列句。
13．（1）On May 5th we reached Beijing, where we stayed for a week．
（2）On May 5th we reached Beijing, and there we stayed for a week．
析：句（1）属于由where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Beijing在定语从句中作地点状语。句（2）则是由and连接的并列句，there在句中作状语。
14．（1）It was October 1, 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.
（2）It was on October 1, 1949 that the People's Republic of China was founded.
析：句（1）是由连接副词when引导的时间状语从句。句（2）是强调句型，强调句中时间状语on October 1，1949特别要注意句（2）中October之前的on。
15．（1）The news that he told me is true．
（2）The news that he will come back from the U．S．is true．
析：句（1）是that引导的定语从句， that在定语从句中作told的直接宾语。也可以由which代替。句（2）是that引导的同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连结作用，但一般不能省略，也不能用which代替。

定语从句专项训练
1.____ have plenty of money will help their friend.
A. Those who B. He who C. That who D. You who
2.This is the longest train _____ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. what D. whom
3.____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
A. Which B. That C. As D. Who
4.I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week.
A. when, where B. which, which C. when , which D. which , where
5.The radio set ___ last week has gone wrong.
A.I bought it B. which I bought it C.I bought D. what I bought
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. them C. that D. which
7.The day will come _____ the people all over the world will win liberation.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____ in China.
A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working
9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
10.My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
11.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. from him C. from whom D. whom
12.A harvester is a machine ____ we harvest crops or a person ____ is harvesting.
A. which , who B. that , that C. with which , who D./, that
13.I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
14.In the police station I saw the man from ___ room the thief had stolen the TV set.
A. whom B. which C. that D. whose
15.This is the very reason we all know.
A. why B. that C. for which D. what
16.Please put the letter _____ he can easily find it.
A. in which B. where C. the place where D. in the place
17.The house ______ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.
A. which B. that C. in the front of which D. in front of which
18.Antarctic, ____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
19.The reason ____ I was away from school is ____ I was ill yesterday.
A. that, that B. why, why C. why, that D. that, why
20.It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
21. This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants.
A. where B. there C. that D. which
22.They have decided to stay at home, ____ , I think , ___ a wise choice.
A. which , are B. which , is C. that , are D. that , is
23.All the apples ___ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. those B. that C. which D. what
24.Did you see the man ____ ?
A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now
C. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now
25.I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is
26.---How do you like the book?
---It’s quite different from ____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one what D. the one
27.Is oxygen the only gas ____ helps fire burn?
A. that B./ C. which D. it
28. I’ll tell you ___ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
29.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. to whom B who C. from whom D. that
30.Willma won three Olympic gold medals in track, _____ made her mother very happy.
A. it B. that C. which D. this
31.She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
32.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
33.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
34.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
35.I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers.
A. that B. when C. which D./
36. I don’t like the way you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
37. Is there any other reader wants to renew his book?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
38. I’d like to buy the same bike you are riding.
A. that B. that C. as D. like
39. He has two sons, are soldiers.
A. both of them B. neither of which C. neither of whom D. both of whom
40. Is this book you want to borrow from the library?
A. that B. which C. the one D. /

定语从句对比练习
1. (1) It is such a modern machine_____ few of the workers know how to operate it.
(2) It is such a modern machine_____ few of the workers know how to operate.
A. which B. that C. as D. the one
2. (1) Is this museum ____ they visited yesterday?
(2) Is this the museum ____ they visited yesterday?
(3) Is this farm _____ you used to work?
A. where B. that C. in which D. the one
3. (1) The sun is bigger than the moon, ___ we all know it.
(2) The sun is bigger than the moon, ___ we all know.
A. and B. that C. which D. as
4.(1) ____ is well known to us all, the earth goes round the sun.
(2) ____ is well known to us all that the earth goes round the sun.
A. That B. As C. It D. Which
5. (1) He failed in the exam again, _____was expected.
(2) He failed in the exam again, _____made his parents angry.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
6. (1) I have two sisters, ____are doctors.
(2) I have two sisters, and ____are doctors.
A. both of them B. both of whom C. neither of whom D. each of them
7.(1) I’ll never forget the days____ I spent with him.
(2) I’ll never forget the days____ I was born.
A. when B. which C. on which D. both A and C
8. (1) It was midnight _____ they returned to their village?
(2) It was at midnight _____ they returned to their village
A. in which B. on that C. that D. when
9. (1) I picked up a man _____I thought was honest.
(2) I picked up a man _____I thought to be honest
A. he B. who C. whom D. which
10.(1) He is the only one of the students who______ the accident.
(2) He is one of the students who______ the accident.
A. knows B. know C. had known D. known
11.(1) He is no longer____ he used to be.
(2) He is no longer the man ____ he used to be.
A. whom B. that C. who D. what
12.(1) He decided to sell the house _____windows were almost broken.
(2) He decided to sell the house the windows____ were almost broken.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
13. (1) Do you know the fact ____the sun is larger than the moon?
(2) Do you understand the earliest fact____ he explained to you just now?
A. that B. which C. the one D. as
14. (1) This is the best reason_____ he could give at the meeting.
(2) This is the best reason_____ he didn’t go to school this morning.
A. why B. that C. which D. because
15.(1) He has to work on Sundays, ____ he doesn’t like.
(2) You can come on Sunday, ____ the manager will come.
A. and then B. which C. when D. that
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