三种独立主格结构精讲与练习.ppt

思茅一中思茅一中图书馆图书馆思茅一中思茅一中祭孔祭孔仪仪式式思茅一中思茅一中图书馆图书馆思茅一中思茅一中祭孔祭孔仪仪式式思茅一中思茅一中图书馆图书馆思茅一中思茅一中祭孔祭孔仪仪式式思茅一中思茅一中图书馆图书馆思茅一中思茅一中祭孔祭孔仪仪式式1 1.思思茅茅一一中中杨杨志志明明灵灵感感勤勤奋奋成成功功路路2.I.基本知基本知识识：独立主格独立主格结结构构是由是由名名词词或或代代词词加加非非谓语动词谓语动词、形容形容词词等构成的一种等构成的一种结结构，用构，用于修于修饰饰整个句子。其名整个句子。其名词词或代或代词词与其后的与其后的非非谓语动词谓语动词、形容形容词词等存在等存在逻辑逻辑上的主上的主谓谓关系。关系。独立主格独立主格结结构的构的类类型：型：1.非非谓语动词谓语动词独立主格独立主格结结构构2.无无动词动词独立主格独立主格结结构构3.with复合复合结结构构独立主格独立主格结结构的用法特点：常置于句首或句构的用法特点：常置于句首或句末，与句子之末，与句子之间间不能使用任何不能使用任何连连接接词词，主要，主要用作状用作状语语；with复合复合结结构也可用作定构也可用作定语语。3.一般式一般式todotobedonedoingbeingdone完成式完成式havingdone havingbeendone过过去分去分词词done主主动动被被动动1.非非谓语动词谓语动词独立主格独立主格结结构构.学学习习体会与体会与归纳归纳n.pron.+non-infinitive4.Hisfriendstocometonight,hehisbesttopreparethedinner.Weourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.istrying谓语动词谓语动词之后之后redoubled与与谓语动词谓语动词同同时时在在进进行行Thelastbushavinggone,wehome.hadtowalk谓语动词谓语动词之前之前doing/havingdone/todo 的的异异同同与与谓语动词动谓语动词动作的作的时间时间关系关系逻辑逻辑主主谓谓关系关系doinghavingdonetodo与与谓语谓语同同时时谓语谓语之前之前谓语发谓语发生生时时尚未尚未发发生生主主动动主主动动主主动动主主动动5.Thetestfinished,wellhaveoursummervocation.Thefoodtobecooked,thepanwasputoverthefire.因因为为要做要做饭饭，锅锅放在了火上。放在了火上。谓语动谓语动作作发发生生时时尚未尚未发发生生被被动动Thefoodbeingcooked,Jimsmotherwaslisteningtomusic.两个两个动动作同作同时进时进行行被被动动Thefoodhavingbeencooked,Jimsmotherlistenedtomusic.杰姆的杰姆的妈妈妈妈一一边边做做饭饭，一，一边边听音听音乐乐。在在谓语动谓语动作作之前之前发发生生被被动动杰姆的杰姆的妈妈妈妈做好了做好了饭饭以后，听了音以后，听了音乐乐。被被动动在在谓语动谓语动作作之前之前发发生生考考试结试结束以后，我束以后，我们们将开始暑假了。将开始暑假了。to be done/being done/(having been)done的的异异同同与与谓语动词动谓语动词动作的作的时间时间关系关系逻辑逻辑主主谓谓关系关系tobedonebeingdonehaving been donedone与与谓语谓语同同时时谓语谓语之前之前(=done)谓语发谓语发生生时时尚未尚未发发生生被被动动谓语谓语之前之前6.Manytreesandflowerstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookmorebeautiful.Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.被被动动特特别别提示：提示：“n./pron.+不定式不定式”的独立主格的独立主格结结构中，如果构中，如果n./pron.为为不定式不定式动动作的承受者，且句子主作的承受者，且句子主语语为为不定式不定式动动作的作的执执行者行者时时，通常不定式要用主，通常不定式要用主动动式，否式，否则则不定式要用被不定式要用被动动式。式。被被动动式式主主动动式式被被动动7.2.无无动词动词独立主格独立主格结结构构n.pron.+(being)+predicativen.adj.adv.prep-phrase此此结结构常被看作是构常被看作是“名名词词/代代词词+being+表表语语”省略了省略了being的的结结构。构。Tenstudentsenteredforthecompetition,theyoungestbeingaboyof12.十个学生十个学生报报名参加了名参加了这这次次竞赛竞赛，年，年纪纪最小的是最小的是个个12岁岁的男孩。的男孩。Thelittlegirlenteredtheroom,herfacebeingredwithcold.小女孩走小女孩走进进了房了房间间，她的，她的脸冻脸冻得通得通红红。Schoolbeingover,weallwenthome.放学后，我放学后，我们们都回家去了。都回家去了。Heisstandinginfrontoftheblackboard,hisbackbeingtowardsus.他站在黑板面前，背他站在黑板面前，背对对着我着我们们。8.IreceivedmanyChristmasgifts,someofthembooks.Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy.Themusicon,Icantfocusmymindonthework.Thenewteachercamein,asmileonherface.注注:在表示方式的独立主格在表示方式的独立主格结结构中，构中，为为了使句子了使句子简洁简洁，往往将，往往将“逻辑逻辑主主语语+介介词词短短语语”中的冠中的冠词词或代或代词词都省略。都省略。Theguardstoodbythedoor,guninhand.9.注意：注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略：在下列两种情况下一般不能省略：1)“Therebeing+名名词词”结结构中：构中：Therebeingnobus,we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽由于没有公共汽车车，我，我们们只好走回家。只好走回家。2)逻辑逻辑主主语为语为代代词词时时：ItbeingSunday,all the offices are closed.因因为为是星期日，所有是星期日，所有办办公室都关公室都关门门。Therebeingalotofworktodo,Icantgowithyou.Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.10.tododoingdonen.adj.adv.prep-phrase3.with复合复合结结构构前述的前述的“n./pron.+非非谓语动词谓语动词”和和“n./pron.+(being)表表语语“两种独立主格两种独立主格结结构中，大多可在其构中，大多可在其前加上介前加上介词词with，这这就形成了就形成了with复合复合结结构。构。withwithout+O+OC11.Withsomuchworktodo,IdontknowifIllhavetimetogoout.Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.Withhishomeworkfinished,hewenttoseeafilm.Theoldmanlivesalonewiththedoghisonlycompanion.Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.WithJohnaway,wevegotmoreroom.Vincentsatatthedesk,withapeninhismouth.12.高考高考试题试题体体验验1.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_.(2012新新课标课标全国卷全国卷 28)A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permitA.2.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_them.(2012辽辽宁卷宁卷25)A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.followsB.13.3.Batsaresurprising long-livedcreatures,some_alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江卷浙江卷3)A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohaveA.4.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_,hegladlyacceptedit.(2007安徽安徽)A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedA.14.5.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.(2007重重庆庆卷卷25)A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedB.6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched(2007年山年山东东卷卷13)B.15.7.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.(2007福建福建)Sorry.Withsomuchwork_mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilledB.8.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.(2005北京北京)A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonA.16.9.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.(2005湖南湖南34)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowedC.17.巩固巩固练习练习1.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_beingforeigners.2.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_wereforeigners.3.ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_wereforeigners.A.whoB.themC.whomD.thatB.独立主格独立主格结结构构C.B.非限制性定非限制性定语语从句从句and连连接并列句接并列句要特要特别别注意的是，独立主格注意的是，独立主格结结构与主句之构与主句之间间可用逗号分开，但可用逗号分开，但不能使用任何不能使用任何连连接接词词。18.4.Fathercamehome,_.Whichiswrong?A.adogfollowinghimB.followedbyadogC.beingfollowedbyadogD.adogfollowedhimD.5._moretime,heissuretofinishhistestpaper.Whichiswrong?A.IfhegivesB.GivenC.IfgivenD.IfheisgivenA.19.6._arainyday,allthefarmershadtostayinside.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.ItwasD.TherewasA.7.There_nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.A.wasB.beingC.tobeD.hasbeenB.8.Thediningroomiscleanandtidy,withatablealready_forabigmeal.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaidA.20.9.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatB.10.Withprices_goingup,itissometimesdifficultforustomakeendsmeetonoursmallincome.A.keptB.keepingC.tokeepD.beingkeptB.11.Silveristhe best conductorofelectricity,copper_itclosely.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.followsB.21.12.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.thatA.13.Withsomebooksheneeded_,hewentintothebookstorequickly.A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buyingA.14.Allthings_,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsideredA.22.15.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand_agunandhisface_withsweat.Aheld;covered B.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;coveringC.16.Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,each_aquarterofthebook.A.totranslateB.translatedC.translatingD.translateA.23.17.Theguests_,shebegantocleantheroom.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD.havingleftD.18.Wewereveryexcitedatthesightoftwofive-starredflagsrisinginthestadium,twopairsofChineseathletes_atthemoment.A.toawardB.awardedC.awardingD.beingawardedD.24.19.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim_onabeach,withhiseyes_onakiteinthesky.A.seating;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.sat;fixedD.seated;fixedD.20._ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohomewithafriend_her.A.Warned;accompaniedB.Havingwarned;accompanyingC.Warning;accompanyingD.Havingbeenwarned;accompanyingD.25.26.