高中英语 Book2A Unit1.pdf

高中英语Book2A Unitl动词不定式的用法r 1.作主语动词不定式 2.作宾语1.动词不定式的用法J 3.作定语4.作表语5.作宾补6.作状语2.动词不定式的时态和语态3.巩固练习1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。To get there by car w川 take a whole day.How to get enough money is still a question.To make a plan for our study is very important.1.动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用让作形式主语,放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放 到句末。It will take a whole day to get there by car.It is important to make a plan for our study.It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.2.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用于下列及物动词后：want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等。I have learned to drive the car.He promised to come but he hasn?t turn up yet.He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.The boys are longing to watch the World Cup.动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意 义截然不同try,go on,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget 等try to do sth.尽力去做某事Y-try doing sth.试一试,试试看Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.Try to get there on time.mean to do sth.打算做某事Yj mean doing sth.意味着做某事I won t wait if it means delaying a week.I meant to help you,but I was busy at that moment.forget to do sth.忘了 去做某事-forget doing sth.忘了做过某事I forget telling her about itI forget to bring the purse with me when I left home this morning.remember to do sth.记住去做某事l remember doing sth.记得做过某事I remember reading the story in some book.Remember to post the letter for me when you go to the post office.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（表目的）-stop doing sth.停止做某事（作宾语）I suggest we should stop to have a restThe students stopped talking when the teacher came in.r go on to do sth,继续做另一件事Y-go on doing sth.接着做同一件事After a short rest,they went on doing the work.After finishing the homework,the students went out to play football.r regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事-regret doing sth.后悔作了某事I reg ret to say that you haven?t passed the exam.I regret having told him about it动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语 补足语，这时要用让作形式宾语而把这个 动词不定式放到补语后。I feel it my duty to help you.I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代 词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.We have much homework to do everyday.4.动词不定式作表语动词不定式常放在系动词（be动词）后作表语，有时也放在其他少数连系动词如：remain,seem,sound等后。His plan is to spend a few days in the countrysideHe appears to have caught cold.当表语是动词不定式时，作主语的谓语动词也 只能是动词不定式，即主语和表语结构要一致 或对称。To see is to believe5.动词不定式作宾补常要求跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：(1)可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等You d better get Tom to do it.She doesn t allow me to use her computer.The teacher told him not to be late again.He invited us to attend his birthday party.(2)可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有:在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see,watch,notice,observe,look at,listen to,feel,make,let,have注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。The teacher had us recite the text every day.I was let to do the experiment alone.Was he noticed to leave the house?动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形式作 宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带to 的形式作主语补语。（3）有的动词后可以跟to be形式作宾补，而 不是to do作宾补。如：think,consider,suppose,believe,imagine,find,prove等We find him(to be)honest.I consider him(to be)my best friend.I suppose him(to be)about fifty.6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。I got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.（作目的状语）lb learn English well5 you should practise it whenever possible.（相 目 的状语）He wept to hear the news.（作原因状语）I am glad to see you here.（作原因状语）He hurried to the post office,only to find it closed.（结果状语）The boy is too young to dress himself.（同上）动词不定式的时态和语态1.动词不定式的一般式（to do）用于表 示不定时所表示的动作与句子谓语动词 几乎同时发生火灾气候发生。I saw her enter the room.I have some important news to tell you.2.动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，和 句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.They are said to be building another bridge across the river3.动词不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动 词所表示的动作前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.I happened to have read the book before.巩固练习1.Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and DA.need to be repairingB.repairing is required of themC.require that they be repaired.D.need to be repaired.解析：and并列谓语动词，need to be repaired相当 于need repairing.2.一 I wish you had brought your family with you.一 r II get them g next time.A.coming B.to comeC.come D.have come解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定 式作宾补，let,make,have后跟省to的 动词不定式作宾补。3.We climbed to the top of the towerD a better view of the area.A.getting B.gotC.having got D.to get解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没 这功能。4.What is the way Smith thought of D enough money to buy the new house.A.gettingC.being gotB.having gotD.to get解析：名词the way后跟有两个定语，一个是 定语从句Sm让h thought of,一个是动词不定 式to get enough money to buy the new house.5.The young assistant was noticed C the bank alone last night.A.entering B.enterC.to enter D.entered解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词 不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词 表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带t。的动词不 定式作主语补语。6.Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet,but his father told him D.A.not to do B.not do itC.do not to D.not to解析：tell sb.(not)to do sth.为了避免重 复，后面省略亍surf the Internet.7.The party was successful,but we thought it a pity not D you.A.invite B.to inviteC.inviting D.to have invited解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾 语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动 词不定式的完成式。小结要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些 特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪 些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to的或 带to的不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾 补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示 的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序 以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关 系。See you next time!