英语倒装句语法.ppt

Unit Unit 4 4 InversionInversion 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语的的全部全部或一或一部分部分却提到主语前面，这种却提到主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。语序叫做倒装。倒装可分为倒装可分为:a.a.全部倒装全部倒装 b.b.部分倒装部分倒装 倒装倒装(Inversion):Inversion):、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫后的句子，叫部分倒装句部分倒装句。Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.英语倒装句分为两种英语倒装句分为两种：、整个谓语在前的句子，叫、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装完全倒装。Herecomesthecar.Inversion(倒装句倒装句)若有主从句，哪句倒装。部分倒装还是完全倒装。A.完全倒装完全倒装There be+There be+主语主语There livedThere lived an old man in the mountain.an old man in the mountain.There stoodThere stood an old tree front of the house an old tree front of the houseThereThere still still existexist some problems some problems 1.2.here/there/now/then+vi.+主语主语out/in/up/down/away在句首，表强调在句首，表强调eg:1.Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Nowcomesyourturn.Outwentthechildren.注注：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变代词做主语时，主谓语序不变Hereyouare.Hereitis.Inhecomes.副词副词+动词动词+主语主语副词副词+代词代词+动词动词3.句首状语为表示地点的介词词组句首状语为表示地点的介词词组。eg:Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.介词短语介词短语+谓语谓语+主语主语谓语通常是谓语通常是be,stand,sit,lie等动词。等动词。4.直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时。直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时。“Do you think my clothes fit well?”asked the emperor.Mr smith said Mary,“May I borrow your pen?注意：注意：注意：注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。主语是代词时，不用倒装。主语是代词时，不用倒装。主语是代词时，不用倒装。“Where are you going?”he askedWhere are you going?”he asked.5.表语置于句首表语置于句首。1)形容词形容词+系动词系动词+主语主语PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteandmanyotherguests.2)过去分词过去分词+系动词系动词+主语主语Gonearethedays.3)介词短语介词短语+be+主语主语AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowersandtoys.6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，为为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，为了使上下文紧密衔接。了使上下文紧密衔接。a.InsidethePyramidsaretheburialroomsforthekingsandqueens.b.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.B.部分倒装部分倒装1.用于疑问句用于疑问句Doyouunderstandit?2.用于省略用于省略if的虚拟语气条件状语从句的虚拟语气条件状语从句。Hadyoureceivedyourlessons,youmighthavepassedtheexam.WereItodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.3.adj./n./v.+as引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.=Thoughsheispretty,sheisnotclever.Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.=Thoughhewasachild,hehadtomakealiving.4.So,Nor,Neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，谓语时态，形式与前句一致。内容，谓语时态，形式与前句一致。HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Petercantanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.so/nor/neither+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/系动词系动词+主语主语单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用则用soitiswith.句型来表示。句型来表示。Tomlikessinging,buthedoesntlikedancing.SoitiswithMary.Tomiscleverandhestudieshard.SoitiswithMary.如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装。不倒装。“Itishottoday.”“Soitis.”“Hefinisheditontime.”“Sohedid.”5.用于用于nosoonerthan;hardlywhen（只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。）,notuntil（只倒主句）（只倒主句）句型中。句型中。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhiswork.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanthetelephonerang.HardlyhadIsatwhenhesteppedin.6.never,hardly,seldom,scarcely(几乎不几乎不),barely,little,often,atnotime,notonly（只倒前面）（只倒前面）等词放在句首。等词放在句首。Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.NevershallIdothisagain.Notonlyisbettereducationimportantforimprovingourselvesbutalsoitisimportantfordevelopingoursociety.但是当连接主语时不倒装但是当连接主语时不倒装NotonlyhebutalsoIhavekeptthesecret.7.用于用于only开头的句子；开头的句子；(修饰副词，介词短语或修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句）状语从句）,主句主句要倒装。要倒装。OnlythisafternoondidIfinishthenovel.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglish.OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.注：注：only修饰主语时，不倒装修饰主语时，不倒装.Onlyhecandothiswork.8.sothat/suchthat中中 so+adj./adv或或such提前到句首时，此部分用倒装语序提前到句首时，此部分用倒装语序.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Insuchahurrydidheleavethatheforgettolockthedoor.9.9.在以在以often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday,等作状语的频度副等作状语的频度副词位于句首时。词位于句首时。OftendidIspeakofhimbefore.Manyatimehashehelpedmewithmyexperiment.Look at the following sentences1.Wewillnotbeabletoimprovethesituationuntilweknowmore.-Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.2.ChinasthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworldwasamongthespeakers.-AmongthespeakerswasChinasthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.3.Wewonthaveenoughdrinkingwateruntilwestoppollutingourlakesandrivers.4.Sustainabledevelopmentcanbepossibleonlywithinternationalcooperation.5.Weseldomthinkofthesmallchangesthatwecandotomakeabigdifference.-Notuntilwestoppollutingourlakesandriverswillwehaveenoughdrinkingwater.-Onlywithinternationalcooperationcansustainabledevelopmentbepossible.-Seldomdowethinkofthesmallchangesthatwecandotomakeabigdifference.6.Wecansavetheearthonlybychangingthewaywelive.Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.7.TheEarthSummitisnotonlyaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplacetofindsolutionsforthefuture.NotonlyistheEarthSummitaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplacetofindsolutionsforthefuture.强强化化练练习习1._theplane.A.DownflyingB.DownwasflyingC.DownflewD.Flewdown2.Underabigtree_,halfasleep.A.didsatafatmanB.afatmansatC.didafatmansatD.satafatmanCD3.Sheplaysthepianoverywell._.A.SoeveryoneofusdoesB.EveryoneofusdoesC.SodoeseveryoneofusD.Sodoeveryoneofus4.Never_suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.A.arehangingB.hadIseenC.IhaveseenD.haveIseenCD5.Notonly_apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.hashemadeB.doeshemakeC.hemadeD.didhemake6.Notuntilhegotoffthebus_thathehadgothiswalletstolen.A.hefoundB.didhefindC.hehadfoundD.hadhefound7.Onlyinthisway_progressinyourEnglish.A.youmakeB.canyoumakeC.youbeabletomakeD.willyouabletomakeDBB8._andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat9.-Whereisyourfather?-Oh,_.A.herehecomesB.heherecomesC.heredoeshecomeD.herecomesheCA10._inwhichtheyhadcametotheisland.A.NearbyweretwocanoesB.NearbytwocanoeswereC.WeretwocanoesnearbyD.Twocanoesnearbywere11.Thedooropenedandthere_.A.entersanoldmanB.enteredanoldmanC.didanoldmanenter D.anoldmanenteredAB12.Little_whenItookthetripand_didmybrother.A.haveIknown;soB.hadIknow;neitherC.doIknow;soD.didIknow;neither13.Wasitnot_youarrivedathishouse_youdiscoveredthathewasonholiday?A.when;thatB.until;didB.C.until;thatD.when;didDC14.Manyatime_toseemewhile_inhospital.A.didhecome;wasIB.didhecome;IwasC.hecame;wasID.hewas;Iwas15.Nowandthen_uptoseewhathappened.A.didhewakeB.hewakeC.hewakesD.hedidwake16.Sheisnotfondofcooking,_I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherdoID.nordo17.Earlyinthemorning_thenews_theChineseTeamdefeatedtheJapaneseTeam.Acomes;whatB.came;thatCcomes;thatDcame;whatBABB18.Atthefootofthemountain_.A.lieabeautifullakeB.doesabeautifullakelieC.liesabeautifullakeD.doabeautifullakelie19.Atnotime_hispersonalinterestfirst.A.shouldacommunistplaceB.acommunistshouldplaceC.acommunistplaceD.doesacommunistplaceCA20.Onthewall_twolargeportraits.A.arehangingB.hangedC.hangD.hangs21.Notonce_theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchanged22.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife_sohappy!(NMET2000春季春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfeltCAD23.Little_abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(上海上海1994)A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared24.Notonly_pollutedbut_crowded.(上海上海1991)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswereBC25._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(上海上海1995)A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot26.So_thatnofishcanliveinit.(上海上海1992)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow27.Notasinglesong_atyesterdaysparty.(上上海海2000)A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingCCC28.Hardly_whenitbegantorain.A.hadhearrivedB.arrivedheC.hehadarrivedD.didhearrive29.Mr.Smithpromisedtohelpmeand_thenextday.A.neitherhedidB.sohedidC.neitherdidheD.sodidheAB30.Notuntilthebellrang_in.A.dotheycomeB.cametheyC.didtheycomeD.theycameC31.Onlyinthisway_thisMathsproblem.A.youcanworkoutB.canyouworkoutC.youwillbeabletoworkD.willyoucanworkout32.Mywifeisateacher,and_.A.soamIB.soIamC.alsoIamD.tooIam33._,theboyknowsalotaboutcomputer.A.ThoughisheyoungB.AsisheyoungC.YoungasisheD.Youngasheis.BAD34.Afterthatwehaveneverseenheragain,nor_her.A.wehaveheardfromB.haveweheardfromC.didwehearfromD.weheardfrom35.Notuntilyesterdayevening_thepartyhadbeenputofftillnextSaturday.A.IknewB.didntIknowC.didIknowD.Ididntknow.BC36.Notonly_apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.didhemakeB.hadhemadeC.makeheD.hemadeA37.Never_sucharobot.A.wehaveseenB.haveweseenC.wesawD.wehaventseen38._aletterforyou.A.ThereareB.IshereC.HereisD.Isthere39._abigpaper-makingfactorybythelake.A.TherestandsB.DoestherestandC.StandingthereisD.Itisstanding40.Lookout!_A.ThebuscomethereB.Therecomesthebus.C.Doesthebuscome?D.Comesthebusthere.BCAB