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小英赛五年级要点整理
1.不冠词a,an用法:a用在辅音开头的单词前,an用在元音开头的单词前。如:a banana,an apple。
2.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法:
第一人称(单数)
第二人称(单复数)
第三人称
(单数)
第一人称
(复数)
第三人称
(复数)
人称代词(主格)
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
人称代词(宾格)
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
所有格形容词
(形容词性物主代词)
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
所有格代词
(名词性物主代词)
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
themselves
人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么了,干什么了,一般用在句子开头。
人称代词宾格:作宾语,表示动作行为的对象,用在动词或介词后。
(注:人称代词并列使用时顺序为”第二人称,第三人称,第一人称”,即you,he and I)。
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词:
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,后面要加名词,(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词。
名词性物主代词=相应的形容词性物主代词+名词,所以不用再加名词。
反身代词:与by搭配时,意为”单独地,独自地”。如:He can swim by himself.他能独自游泳。
3.名词所有格:
例题:That’s _______bedroom. ( B )
A.Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy and Lily’s C.Lucy’s and Lily D.Lucy and Lily
本题考查所有格,排除C,D。选Lucy’s and Lily’s表示的是两个人不同的房间,并且后面名词要用bedrooms,选Lucy and Lily’s表示共用一间房,故本题选B。
4.There be 句型用法:
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语
就近原则的用法:be动词要跟离得比较近的(人或物)的数保持一致。
如:There is a lot of bread and five eggs on the table.桌上有很多面包和五个鸡蛋。
There are five eggs and a lot of bread on the table.桌上有五个鸡蛋和很多面包。
(注:bread是不可数名词,因此be动词要用is)
5.名词单数变复数:
一、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
(1)一般情况加 s : book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls
(2)以 s、sh 、x、ch结尾的加 es : class--- classes box----boxes match----matches
记忆口诀:四(s)十(sh)岁的X想吃(ch)ES
(3)辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: city---cities, party----parties
(4)以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 : Negroes heroes potatoes tomatoes
记忆口诀:黑人英雄吃土豆和番茄
以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s : radios, zoos
(5)以f, fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es : thief, wife ,life ,knife, wolf, half
二、不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
(1)man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,child—children,mouse—mice,ox-oxen
(2)单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese ,Swiss.
6.特殊疑问词的用法:
意思
用法
例句
who
谁
问人的身份,姓名等
He is LiLie Who is he ?
He is my brother. Who is he ?
what
什么
问人的职业或事物是什么
He is a worker. What is he?
He has a book. What does he have ?
which
哪一个
问一定范围内特指的人或物
The big box is mine. Which box is yours?
The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?
whose
谁的
问所属关系
This is her book. Whose book is this ?
This book is hers. Whose is this book?
what color
什么颜色
问颜色(表语)
My skirt is red. What color is your skirt?
What time
几点
问点时间
We play games at five in the afternoon ?
What time do you play games?
when
什么时候
问时间
We play games in the afternoon ?
When do you play games?
where
什么地方
问地点(状语)
We play games at home on Sunday ?
Where do you play games on Sunday?
why
为什么
问原因
He isn't at school today because he is ill.
Why isn't he at school today ?
how
怎样
问健康状况、
做事的方式等
He is fine/strong. How is he ?
I go home by bike. How do you go home?
how old
多大几岁
问年龄
He is ten. How old is he ?
how many
多少
跟复数名词,
问数量
There are thirty boys in my class.
How many boys are there in your class?
how much
多少
跟不可数名词
问数量或价钱
There is some milk in the bottle.
How much milk is there in the bottle?
how far
多远
问路程
It's five kilometers away from here?
How far is it from here?
how soon
多久
问in+一段时间
He can finish it in half an hour.
How soon can he finish it ?
how long
多久
问一段时间,
问物体的长短
He has lived here for a year.
How long has he lived here?
The desk is one meters long.
How long is the desk ?
how often
多久
(一次)
问频率
I go to see my parents once a month.
How often do you go to see your parents?
7.反义疑问句:
(1)陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句(可记为前肯后否)。如:He is a doctor,isn’t he?
(2)陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句(可记为前否后肯)。如:It isn’t a cat,is it?
8.形容词比较级、最高级:
* 形容词比较级的用法 :两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“...比较级 + than ...”.如:
Helen is taller than Kevin.海伦比凯文高。
* 形容词最高级的用法 :
1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式,形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in / of短语来表示范围.如:He is the tallest students in our class.他是我们班最高的学生。
一、 规则变化
1.单音节词和少数双音节词
(1)一般情况在原级词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级.如:high→higher→highest.
(2)以e结尾的词,直接加-r 或-st.如:large→larger→largest.
(3)重读闭音节,末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母再加-er或 -est.如:big→bigger→biggest.
(4)以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词,先变 “y”为 “i”,再加-er 或-est.如:happy→happier→happiest.
2.大部分双音节词和所有多音节词
在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级.如:dangerous→more dangerous→the most dangerous.
二、 不规则变化
有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆.如:
good / well→better→best ,bad / ill→worse→worst ,many / much→more→most
little→less→least ,far→farther→farthest(表示距离) / far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
9.时态:
(1)一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟,只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。
三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s ,如:like — likes(1)直接在动词词尾加-s,如:ask---asks ,work---works ,get---gets ,stay---stays;(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es,如:watch---watches ,wish---wishes ,go---goes ,do---does ;3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.,如try---tries 。 2.不规则变化:have----has。
(2)现在进行时:表示正在进行的、发生的动作。通常句子中有now,look,listen。
动词形式是be+动词ing。
(3)一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况。
时间状语:yesterday昨天,last night昨晚,three days ago三天前,in 2002在2002年,just now刚才,the day before yesterday前天……
规则动词的过去式的构成遵循以下四个规则:(1)直接在动词后加ed,如:help-helped,want-wanted等;(2)以不发音的字母e结尾时,直接加d,如:like-liked,use-used等;(3)以辅音字母y结尾时,把y变成i再+ed, 如:carry-carried,study-studied等;(4)以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed, 如:stop-stopped,shop-shopped等。不规则动词的过去式,如:do-did,go-went,come-came,buy-bought等。
(4)一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语:tomorrow明天,next week下周,next year明年……
动词形式是be going to+动词原形
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