新概念英语第一册lesson85-86重点解析.doc

Lesson 85-86
学习重点：
一、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
二、have been to 和have gone to 的区别
三、其它主要短语和表达

重点解析：
一、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时只说明过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系。即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。例如：
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影)
Mr. Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr. Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)

2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never等副词以及“for+段时间”, “since+过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与“段时间+ago”, just now, yesterday, last week等表示确定的过去时间的状语连用。例如：
She has lived here since two years ago.
她两年前就住在这里了。（暗含她可能还会在这里住下去）
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。（暗含她曾经住过，但现在不在这里了）
He has been in the company for three years.
他在这家公司已经三年了。（现在可能还在这家公司）
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
注意：有些时间状语既能用于一般过去时又能用于现在完成时，但在意义上有些差别。如this morning, this summer等。例如：
He has gone shopping this morning. (说话时间是在上午)
He went shopping this morning. (说话时间在当天下午或晚上)

二、have been to 和have gone to 的区别
这两个完成时的词组都表示“到某处”，区别在于“have been to”表示到过某处，现在已经回来了；have gone to表示到某处去了，现在也可能到达，也可能还在去的途中，总之，现在到那里去了。比如：
I have been to Beijing several times. 我去过北京几次。（现在回来了）
My sister has gone to Beijing. 我妹妹去北京了。（现在不在这里）

三、短语和表达
1. What’s on? 上演什么电影？ 此处on 意为“放映，上演，播放”，后面省略了the cinema.
What’s on the radio? 广播里在放什么节目？
What’s on the television? 电视里在放什么节目？
2. Paris in the spring 《电影之春》
一般情况下季节名词前不在the, 但如果特指某年的春、夏、秋、冬季时要加the。《巴黎之春》作为一部电影，讲述的是发生在巴黎某年春天的故事，因此用了in the spring.
3. 句型： What have you/they done? 回答： I/We/They have +动词过去分词+其它.
What has he/she done? 回答： He/She has +动词过去分词+其它.

练习：
一、选择最恰当的答案。
1. ---I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
---When __________ you __________ it?
---The day before yesterday.
A. have; seen B. will; see C. did; see D. did; seen
2. Mr. Black __________ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
3. We ____________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.
A. planted; planted B. planted; have planted
C. have planted; planted D. have planted; have planted
4. Jim ______ the Great Wall（长城） many times.
    A. went to            B. goes to C. has gone to      D. has been to
5. Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.
     A. for ten years       B. ten years ago   C. since ten years       D. for ten years ago
6. I ______ today’s homework already. What about you?
     A. have finished       B. finish  C. to finish              D. finishing
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Jim ___________(make) many friends since he ______(come) to China.
2. He _______ already ___________(write, wrote, written) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.
3. —When ______ she _______(leave)?
    —Two hours ago.
4. —_______ you _______(see) the film before?
   —Yes, I _______.
   —Where ______ you ______(see) it?
   —At The Queen’s Cinema.
5. How long ______ she _______(be) ill?
三、句型转换。
1. John went to see his grandmother once a week. (对划线部分提问)
    _______ ________ _______ John _______ to see his grandmother?
2. He has already finished his homework. (改为否定句)
　He ________ finished his homework ________.
3. He has emptied the basket. (对划线部分提问)
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