小学英语必备语法知识点.docx

小学英语必备语法知识点1 现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.如It is raining now.外面正在下雨It is six oclock now.现在6点了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客厅看报纸Look! The children are having a running race now.看！孩子们正在赛跑问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.2 一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.如We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的问句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt，后面动词一定要还原。3 一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn t后面动词还原。4一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。如What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.5 情态动词can; cant; should; shouldnt; must; may后一定加动词原形。如The girl cant swim, but she can skate.女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。6 祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以dont加动词原形开头。如Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛，明天请早点起床！Dont walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.海伦！不要爬树。7 go的用法去干嘛用go +动词ing如go swimming; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing8 比较than 前用比较级；asas之间用原级。如My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。9 喜欢做某事用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。如Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。10 想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum11 some用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?12 代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后如Open them for me. Let us , join me等。宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。13 介词介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式如be good at running;do well in jumping;14 时间介词季节前，月份前用介词in如in summer；in March具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on如on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning在几点钟前用介词at如at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用in如in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.15 名词复数构成的方法有规则的有(1)直接在名词后加s如orangeoranges; photophotos;(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es如boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach-peaches(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如studystudies；librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为ves如：knifeknives; thiefthieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,）不规则的有manmen; womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren16 动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加s如runruns; dancedances(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es如dodoes;gogoes;washwashes;catchcatches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如studystudies; carrycarries;17 现在分词的构成(1)直接在动词后加ing如singsinging; skiskiing;(2)双写词尾加ing如swimswimming; jogjogging;runrunning;(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing如rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;18 规则动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加ed如cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;(2)以e结尾的直接加d如dancedanced; tastetasted;(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed如studystudied;carrycarried;(4)双写词尾加ed如stopstopped; jogjogged;不规则的有am,iswas; arewere; do,doesdid; have,hashad; gowent; meetmet; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; stealstole; readread;19 形容词副词比较级的构成规则的(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er如smallsmaller; lowlower;(2)以e结尾的加r如latelarer;(3)双写词尾加er如bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er如heavyheavier; earlyearlier;不规则的有good, wellbetter(最高级为best);many, much- more(最高级为most);far-farther;20rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：动词原形rain， snow；第三人称单数rains ，snows；现在分词raining；snowing过去式rained；snowed;如Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。 It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。21 比较级注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。如My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.22have, has表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数)；There is/ are;There was/ were 表示某地存在有注意There be 句型的就近原则单数或不可数用there is /was;复数用there are/ were.23 本身就是复数的词眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。如My glasses were on the chair just now.但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数如There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.24 五个元音字母分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;25 一个的用法a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student.26 时间表示法（1）直接读时钟和分钟。如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;(2)用to与past表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点如6：10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分如7：45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;27 基数词变序数词的方法基变序有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigheighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth）；ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twentytwentieth；fortyfortieth);几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。另外强调序数词前一定要加the。28 日期的表示法用the+序数词+ of +月如:三月三日 the third of March;12月25日 the 25th of December.29 both 表示两者都如My parents are both teachers.all表示三者以上都如The students are all very excited.30 节日的表示法有day的节日前用on.没有day的节日前用at,如at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.31 激动兴奋的excited表示激动的，兴奋地主语是人；exciting表示令人激动的，令人兴奋的主语是事情如The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.赛跑非常令人激动，因此所有的学生都很激动。32 比较两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级如Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does谁跑得更快，男孩还是女孩？男孩。Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.你最喜欢哪个季节？我最喜欢秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？我更喜欢冬天。33 动词还原的用法前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面动词要还原。如Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesnt like taking photos.34到了到达用get to但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to如get home; get here; get there,另外go home; come here; go there也一样。35长着和穿着长着什么用with如the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；穿着什么用in如the man in black穿黑衣服的男人或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女36 让某人做某事用let sb后加动词原形如Lets water the flowers together.是该做的时候了用Its time for+名词或Its time to +动原。帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth如帮我学英语是 help me with my English37 树上外来的东西在树上用in the tree如the bird in the tree;树上长的用on the tree如the apples on the tree38运动和乐器球类之前不加the;乐器之前必须加the如play the piano; play football39get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样如get stronger; get longer