人性的信仰： 神话原型视角下的《织工马南》 主题阐释.pdf

分类号：H06.4 密 级：公开U D C:单位代号：10424学位论文Faith in Humanity:ThematicInterpretation of inMyth-Archetypal Perspective 人性的信仰：神话原型视角下的 织工马南主题阐释 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要摘要乔治爱略特是维多利亚时期杰出的、具有哲思倾向的小说家。她的作品以生动展 现维多利亚时期的宗教现实和乡村风貌而著称，其小说不但秉承了维多利亚文学创作的 精华，而且在很大程度上实现了革新与突破。其凝涵哲思寓意的小说织工马南触及 19世纪英国落后、教条的宗教现实，长久以来被誉为追求人本主义宗教观的佳作。从神 话原型视角看，该小说在主题、人物刻画以及故事情节等文学要素上都带有神话原型叙 事的特色，两个男主人公都具有原型特色，马南和戈弗雷集中代言了爱略特所推崇的人 本主义信仰。本论文分三章，立足于神话原型理论，结合爱略特的人本主义信仰追求，对小说主题进行神话原型视角的挖掘。第一章主要识别小说的神话原型主题，简述神话原型理论，讨论原型叙事策略下主 人公追求信仰的波折历程，从而发现作者的创作意图。爱略特的作品中经常出现“基督 徒”和“天使”式的人物类型，带有原型的深层含义，对圣经文化传统背景的运用使小 说主题富有内在的宗教情怀。这在一定程度上折射了爱略特追求人本理想的历程，也说 明爱略特对维多利亚小说道德说教创作传统的继承。因此，织工马南的原型主题是爱 略特人本理想的具体阐释。第二章结合对织工马南的文本细读，逐步探究文本中原 型情节的文化含义与艺术功能，不论是构建富含神话色彩的复杂故事情节，还是对神秘 巧合事件的运用，都是作者创作手段中的客观关联物，目的是展现命运的强大与多变性,并揭开巧合背后深藏的人性罪恶。在人物类型设置上，爱略特刻意突出两位男主人公截 然不同的性格和悬殊的命运，突显马南的单纯质朴个性与其历经坎坷，重归真善美的传 奇；与之对照，戈弗雷则代言了人性的复杂、伪善，他在各种考验下人性泯灭，终遭美 好摒弃。两个男主人公的故事传递出的是不同的维多利亚意识形态，揭示人性中的善恶 沉浮，展现其因果报应及真爱救赎的观念。主人公马南最终以人性的回归完成蜕变的历 程，恰似爱略特在生活和作品中均力求改进旧宗教，追求科学理性信仰的经历。第三章 综合上述分析，聚焦爱略特的人本宗教理想。马南的坎坷生平反映了爱略特在反对旧宗 教时存在的现实困难，爱略特虽然批判揭露旧宗教的伪善和冷酷，但是她对宗教的道德 教育作用怀有不可割舍的情愫。作为维多利亚时代的女学者，爱略特反对愚昧的教条，寄希望于文学作品的教育功能，无论是在文学创作上，还是现实生活中，她都坚持自己 的独特追求。可以说强烈的宗教情怀，加之严肃的哲学思考，构成了爱略特的艺术创作 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要初衷。总之，爱略特在这部作品中展现的两种宗教观折射了她生活时代信仰多样性的现实。她的文学创作信念与维多利亚人特有的浓厚的宗教情怀密不可分，她的哲学思考及在现 实社会中改革旧观念、寻求真诚信仰的理念是其人文关怀的深刻体现。这是一部关于善 恶冲突，关于信仰成长，关于人性升华的杰作。爱略特对人性的关注和现实主义摹写，在当时的维多利亚社会无疑具有积极的社会意义和永恒价值，也是她的作品之所以赢得 无数读者的重要原因之一。关键词：原型主题；善恶冲突；罪与赎；人本理想；现实主义观照山东科技大学硕士学位论文AbstractAbstractGeo rge Elio t,who se no vels are famo us fo r the vivid expressing o f the religio us reality and rural life o f England,is a remarkable no velist with philo so phic thinking in Victo rian Era Elio t no t merely embraces the go o d parts o f the Victo rian literature traditio n,but also makes so me breakthro ughs to so me extent.Silas Marner,a sto ry which embo dies her philo so phic tho ughts and deals with the backward and do gmatic religio n o f 19th century England,has lo ng been praised as a masterpiece o f her pursuit o f faith in humanity.Fro m the myth-archetypal perspective,the theme,characterizatio n and plo t in the no vel all have the archetypal features.In Silas Marner,Elio t characterizes the two hero es Marner and Go dfrey with intensive myth-archetypal features to embo dy her humanistic ideals.The bo dy o f the thesis is divided into three chapters based o n the myth-archetypal criticism,and co mbining with 曰io ts humanist!c ideal thi s paper will have an archetypal study o f the theme in the no vel.Chapter One intends to identify the archetypal theme in the no vel.With a brief discussio n o f the myth-archetypal criticism and the archetypal characteristic o f Silas Marner,Chapter One analyses the hero s pilgrimage in belief so as to reveal the writers intentio n o f creatio n.Peo ple who frequently emerge as“Christian”and“AngeT in Elio fs wo rks have archetypal significance.The theme o f the no vel isfull o f religio us sentiment by ado pting the traditio nal Bible culture.To so me extent,it repo rts the pro cess o f Elio fs pursuit o f faith in humanity.Besides,it pro ves that 曰io t inherits the traditio n o f Victo rian literature.Therefo re,the archetypal theme o f Silas Marner co ncretely interprets Elio fs humanistic ideal.Chapter Two expo unds the cultural meaning and art functio n o f the myth-archetypal plo ts based o n the reading o f Silas Marner.Bo th the structure o f the co mplicated mytho lo gical plo ts and the usage o f mythic co incidences are the o bjective co rrelative o f creatio n metho d,which aim to reveal the po wer and variability o f fate and unravel the sins under the co incidences.In character design,Elio t intentio nally emphasizes the two hero es,differences in perso nality and fate.On the o ne hand,she highlights Marners unso phisticated perso nality and his legend o f undergo ing hardships and return!ng to the trueness,go o dness and beauty.On the o ther hand,she depicts Go dfrey as a representative o f the co mplicacy and hypo crisy o f human nature.He iii山东科技大学硕士学位论文Abstractis abando ned by go o dness fo r his lo st o f humanity under trials.The two hero es*experiences,which represent different Victo rian ideo lo gies,have sho wn 曰io ts via/v o f nemesis and redemptio n by true lo ve.The pro tago nist Marners eventual regressio n o f humanity issimilar to Elio fs experience o f pursuing a mo re scientific and ratio nal belief bo th in life and wo rks.Chapter Three go es further to to uch upo n Elio fs ideal o f faith in humanity.Marner frustrated life reflects Elio fs difficulty in fighting gainst the do gmatic religio n.Altho ugh criticizing the hypo crisy and cruelty o f the fo rmalized religio n,Elio t still has a pro fo und sentiment o n the instructio nal functio n o f the religio n.As a Victo rian female scho lar,Elio t fights against the fo lly do gma,but she ho lds ho pe in the educatio nal functio n o f literature wo rks.In additio n,no matter in literature creatio n o r life,Elio t insists o n keeping her distinctive dreams.All in all,Elio fs stro ng religio us senti ment and philo so phic tho ught have fo rmed the o riginal intentio n o f her art.In sho rt,Elio t displays two religio ns in the no vel which exactly reflect the diversity o f religio n in her age.Elio fs ideal o f creatio n is inseparable fro m Victo rians peculiar religio us sentiment.With philo so phic tho ught,Elio t insists o n perfecting the o ld perceptio ns and seeking a sincere belief,which have pro fo und meaning to her humanistic ideal.This is a great wo rk abo ut the o ppo sitio n o f go o d and evil,the gro wth o f faith and the subliming o f humanity.曰io ts co ncern fo r humanity,which undo ubtedly has significance and eternal value to Victo ri an so ci ety,i s o ne o f the i mpo rtant reaso ns why her wo rks win the numero us readers.Key Words：archetypal theme;go o d/evil o ppo sitio n;sin and redemptio n;humanity ideal；realistic co ntempl ati o niv山东科技大学硕士学位论文Co ntentsContents摘要.iAbstract.iiiContents.vIntroduction.1Chapter 1 Archetypal Theme in 51.1 Myth-Archetypal Criticism.51.1.1 Jungs archetypal theo ry.61.1.2 Frye5sarchetypal criticism.71.2 Theme i n SI as M arner.81.2.1 Mo tif o f sin and redemptio n.91.2.2 Pilgrimage in belief.11Chapter 2 Thematic Revelation Through Archetypal Plot.142.1 Surface Plo t o f Mythic Co incidences.142.1.1 Bl i ndness i n Lantern Yard.152.1.2 Retributio n in Ravdo e.162.1.3 Marners life o f twists and turns.182.2 Deep Significance o f Mo rality.202.2.1 Si n and puni shment.202.2.2 Faith and redemptio n.22Chapter 3 Eliofs Humanity Ideal in 253.1 Faith in Literature.253.1.1 False religio n in Lantern Yard.253.1.2 Truefaith in Ravelo e.273.2 Faith in Reality.293.2.1 Rei i gi o us senti merit i n Vi cto ri an Era.293.2.2 Eli o f spursuit o f humanity.31Conclusion.34Bibliography.36Acknowledgements.39Main Work Achievement of the Author during Working on Master Paper.40山东科技大学硕士学位论文Intro ductio nIntroductionGeo rge Elio t(1819-1890),a great wo man writer and ideo lo gical pio neer in Victo rian Era,is regarded as o ne o f distinguished no velists fo r her freethinking and pro fo und tho ught abo ut religio n.Her no vel“isno t primarily a picture o f life,capable o f deri vi ng a hi gh val ue f ro m its fo rm,but a mo ralized fable,the last wo rd o f a philo so phy endeavo ring to teach by example(qtd.in Handlw，1990:16).Silas Marner has a special impo rtance to Elio fs wo rks,which clo ses the first phase o f Geo rge Elio fs creative life”(Leavis,1948:64).The no vel is so mething o f the fairy tale in a certain extent,which derives a high value in its theme.uThe mythical no vel(Qian,2005:340)sho ws dramatic changes o f the co mmo n peo ple and reflects the true religio n fact in 19th century.Therefo re,it is usually regarded as the representative wo rk o f Elio fs pursuit o f faith in humanity.Fo r her co ncerning o f rural life and religio n pro bl ems in li terary creati o n,Eli o fs earlier ste no vel s are general I y ackno wl edged to wo rks o f pursuit o f faith in humanity co mmentary.The researching achievements o f Elio t and her wo rks are abundant at abro ad than at ho me.During her lifetime,Elio t has a rich and co lo rful literary life such as to bean edito r,bo o k reviewer,translato r,and attempts many styles o f that time to write no vels,sho rt sto ries,po em,etc.,but what made her high reputatio n came to be no vels.In Victo rian age,日io t is regarded as o ne o f the mo st impo rtant wo man writers,as Antho ny Tro llo pe admits,At the present mo ment Geo rge Elio t is the first o f English no velists(qtd.in Haight,1954:150),this is a high evaluatio n o f Elio fs literary status.Abo ut her intelligence Deakin says,“In delineatio n o f character and human emo tio n Geo rge Elio t mo st deserves to be co mpared with Shakespeare,while in dealing with the human co nscience,Shakespeare himself scarcely surpasses her(64).In sho rt,critics admire her intelligence and praise her wo rks.By the 20th century,Henry James says that Elio t is a remarkable philo so pher(Zhu&Qiao,2001:217),therefo re,Elio fs o utstanding po wer o f o bservatio n and thinking are praised by many critics.Fo r instance,Virginia Wo o lf praises her no vel is“o ne o f the few English no vels written fo r gro wn-up peo ple(172).Leavis in The Great Tradition regards her as o ne o f the fo ur great traditio ns,and says,“Her high standing as a no velist,Silas Marner admired as a pro fo undly 1山东科技大学硕士学位论文Intro ductio nand essentially mo ral imaginatio n(64).Besides,the serio us and realistic theme in the no vel attracts mo st o f the readers attentio n.As a Victo rian writer,Elio t is o ne o f the mo st widely translated o f no velists,the o ne who gets mo re attentio ns in resent years.She writes many famo us no vels such as The Mill on the Floss,Adam Bede,Silas Marner,and Middlemarch,etc.She also leaves behind a lo t o f letters and co mmentaries.She pro ves herself excelling in languages,translated in music and anxio us to develo p a bro ad understanding o f all the ideas o f her time5(Edwards,2003:172).Her wo rks has been criticized,interpreted.And Leavis ss she“has to o full and stro ng a sense o f the reality,she sees to o clearly and understanding!y,sees with a judging visio n that relates to everything to her pro fo undest mo ral experience”(111).With the develo pment o f mo dern literary theo ry,Elio fs no vels have been criticized in vario us ways such as new histo ricism,narrative strategy,psycho lo gical criticism,feminism analysis,etc.Elio t isafiercecritico f thereligio n co nditio n o f Victo rian so ciety.Scho larsat abro ad and ho me highly appreciate her realistic co ntemplatio n.Fo r o ne hundred years,there are uninterrupted co mments o n Elio t and her wo rks.And Jo an W.Cro ss in George Eliots life as Related in her Letters and Journals(1884)gives a go o d beginning o f co mment o n Elio t.The serio us study fo undatio n is laid by Go rdo n S.Height who has edited The George Eliot Letters(1954-1955)and later published George Eliot：A Biography(1968).In the 20th century,F.R.Leavis in The Great Tradition(1948),ranks Elio t as“the great traditio n o f the English no vel”(41),and remarks that“her best wo rk has a To lsto yan depth and reality(154).And David R.Carro l Ts Silas Marner:Reversing the Oracles of Religion(1967)has a high eval uatio n o f its rigo ro usly intellectual structure and gives mo re valuable info rmatio n o f the plo t and characters o f the no vel(167).Silas Marner illuminates the fo o lish o ld religio n which aro uses scho lars attentio ns all alo ng.Elio t is bo rn in a traditio nal Christian family writes her middle ages with a view to revealing the hypo crisy mask o f the do gmatic religio n and expo sing the inhumanity o f the evil peo ple.As Andre Mauro is(I960)writes,the need to express o neself in writing springs fro m maladjustment to life,o r fro m an inner co nflict which o ne canno t reso lve in actio n(7-8).This no vel sho cks readers with its mystery plo ts and religio us theme,meanwhile,pursuit o f faith in humanity isthe basic clue o f the sto ry.2山东科技大学硕士学位论文Intro ductio nSnce its publicatio n,Silas Marner has attracted attentio ns o f scho lars fro m a wide variety o f critical fields:new histo ricism,psycho lo gical criticism,feminism and so fo rth.In preceding research,studies o n this no vel usually co ncentrate o n the nemesis and the mo ral functio n o f Victo rian so ciety.Ho wever,Silas Marner is actually a no vel to reveal the go o d and evil o ppo sitio n o f human beings.Jo seph Wiesentarth r Demythologizing：Silas Marner(1970)pays mo re attentio n to the mystery o f the sto ry,and gives a detailed analysis o f the triangle relatio nships included in the sto ry(95).But this o nly fo cuses o n the subjective aesthetic feeling no t to uches upo n the essence o f the theme.Sho walter in A Literature of Their Own(1977)regards Elio t as the lo ng traditio n o f female writers(104).Do mestic studies also co ncern abo ut its religio n theme in Silas Marner,applying the analysis o f the frustrated life o f Marner and the mo ving sto ry o f the o rdinary peo ple.Cui Do ng(2000)thinks that Elio t co urageo usly expo sed her vie/v o n religio n in this no vel(99-103).Many readers think that the mystery feature makes Silas Marner agoo6 reputatio n,ho wever,the harmo ny o f mytho lo gical plo ts and realistic co ntemplatio n in Silas Marner verify Elio ts advancement in ideo lo gy.As a representative realistic writer in Victo rian Era,to so me extent,Elio t really delineates a mo re realistic picture o f religio us situatio n o f England so ciety n Silas Marner.Nevertheless,because o f the influence o f so cial,cultural and religio us reaso ns,Elio t canno t abando n the religio us sentiment co mpletely.The Victo rian largely fo cus o n the influence o f Bible,especially the middle class has a deep sentiment to religio n；mo reo ver,Elio t is a writer who has a co nfused attitude to religio n,Silas Marner reveals her mature co nscio usness o f faith in humanity.In sho rt,it is meaningful to reexamine this fictio n under the guidance o f myth and archetypal theo ry fo r its special o utlo o k and deep o bservatio n o f reality.Archetypal criticism is an appro ach to literary analysis which applies the theo ries o f Carl Jung,No rthro p Frye,and o ther critics to literary analysis.Archetypal critics study images o r patterns o f repeated human ex peri ence.Peo pl ein Vi cto ri an peri o d are infl uenced deepl y by the biblical culture,especially the intellectuals have a co mplicated feelings to this classic,therefo re,their creatio ns co uld no t break away fro m the biblical culture.Archetypes fo und within a specific text and co mmo n to o ther wo rks o f art.Jung believes that the mi nd is co mpo sed o f three parts:3山东科技大学硕士学位论文Intro ductio nThe perso nal co nscio us,the perso nal unco nscio us,and the co llective unco nscio us.Fo rmed thro ugh the repeated experiences o f humankind,this kno wled