外刊赏读《经济学人》.doc

(完整word)外刊赏读经济学人【外刊赏读】金融时报，2015年7月8日本文陈述了智利受经济危机、政治丑闻影响之后，逐渐反弹的过程。文章引用丰富，论证充分。原文Chiles rebound stutters following reform and scandalsI Chiles economic recovery is faltering as business confidence is undermined by President Michelle Bachelets reform programme and a political crisis triggered by corruption scandals.II The government announced an abrupt downward revision in economic growth estimates to 2.5 per cent for 2015 on Monday, having initially predicted 3.6 per cent in this years budget。 Growth of 1.9 per cent in 2014 was the lowest since the global financial crisis。III “The good news is that we are reacting as a country, putting growth back at the center of the agenda, Rodrigo Valdes, the finance minister, said.IV He argued that Chiles economy had turned the corner after implementing a significant macroeconomic adjustment to clear the way for stronger growth.V“Without growth it will be impossible to implement the reform program,” said Mr. Valdes, whose appointment in a cabinet reshuffle in May was seen as an attempt to restore confidence in the worlds top copper producer which has been hit by falling commodity prices。VIMs. Bachelets reform program， which is aimed at tackling inequality by improving access to quality education， has suffered as attention has been diverted by corruption scandals。VIIOne of the principal victims has been Ms. Bachelet herself, after her son caused an uproar for allegedly abusing his position to secure a bank loan。VIIIMr Bachelets popularity has also been hit by discontent over Chiles sluggish economy。VIV Her approval ratings reached a new low of 27 per cent in June according to local pollster Adimark， after declining from 54 percent at the beginning of her second presidential term more than a year ago。XMr。 Valdes admitted that the scandals had taken a toll on the economy， but played down fears that Chiles economic woes might in turn hold back Ms Bachelets ambitious reform agenda.XI“Chile has a tradition of being sensible. We will be capable of taking the necessary decisions to escape this vicious circle， in which politics contaminate economics, and economics contaminate politics,” he said。XIIA key step is improving relations with the business sector， which was a vocal critic of a big rise in corporate taxes last year to fund increased spending on education。XIIIBusiness have also been unnerved by plans for constitutional reform in September， as well as a labor reform bill that would give greater power to trade unions.XIV“We need to strengthen dialogue to understand each other better，” said Mr。 Valdes, the MIT-educated economist who has worked at the International Monetary Fund.XV“Through dialogue it will be possible to boost confidence，” he added。翻译智利经济反弹断断续续，跟在改革和丑闻之后智利的经济复苏，步履蹒跚，因为商业信心已经被总统米歇尔巴奇莱特的改革项目和由腐败丑闻引发的政治危机渐渐破坏.周一，政府宣布了一个突如其来的修正，将2015年度经济增长率估计为2.5%.它最初预测本年度财政为3。6%。在这之前，2014年1.9的增长率已是自全球金融危机以来最低的数字。“好消息是,我们像一个国家一样应对,把增长率重新看做任务的中心,财政部大臣罗德里戈巴尔德斯说道。他争辩道，在实施了重要的宏观经济调控，为了更强劲的经济增长扫清道路以后,智利经济已经转危为安.“如果没有增长，想要实施改革项目,将会是不可能的事情。” 巴尔德斯说道。5月份他在内阁改组的任命，被看做企图重新恢复智利作为世界顶级精铜金属生产者的地位所付出的努力。这个地位曾受下跌的商品价格所打击.巴切莱特女士的改革项目，企图通过改进素质教育解决不平等问题.随着民众注意力被腐败丑闻转移，改革历经波折.其中一个主要的受害者是巴切莱特女士她自己，这发生在她儿子滥用职权以确保银行贷款,因而引起骚动之后.巴切莱特女士的人气也受到重大打击，这是由民众对智利益的萧条经济的不满导致。她的支持率跌至新低，根据当地民意调查人阿迪马克的数据,她的支持率7月份只有27%，这是从一年多前她的第二个总统任期期间的54%的支持率开始下降。罗德里戈先生承认,丑闻对经济造成了负面影响，但淡化了恐惧，这种恐惧担心智利经济危机可能反过来阻碍巴切特莱女士雄心勃勃的改革议程.“智利有保持理智的传统.我们有能力作出必要的决定,逃避政治污染经济，经济又恶化政治的恶性循环”他说道.关键的一步是提高商业部门之间的联系，这是对去年通过提高公司税收，投资教育支出这一举措的直言不讳的批评.因为9月份宪法的改革，商业也变得没有信心，同样的情况发生在给予贸易公会更大权力的劳动改革法案身上。“我们需要加强对话，理解彼此巴尔德斯先生说道.这个MIT（美国麻省理工大学）毕业的经济学家曾经在国际货币基金组织工作过.“通过对话，有可能增强信心，他补充道.词汇短语（注：标*的为超纲词）1.contaminate kntmnet v。弄污,弄脏,毒害,传染，染污2。discontent dskntent n. 不满adj. 不满的vt。 使不满3。divert dvt vt。使转向，使改道；转移（注意力)；使娱乐4.downward danwd a.向下的 ad。(also downwards)向下，往下5。 *falter flt vi. 支吾；蹒跚地走vt. 支吾地说；结巴地讲出n。 踌躇;支吾;颤6. implement mplm（)nt vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n。 工具,器具；手段7. macroeconomic mkr,iknmk adj. 宏观经济的，总体经济的n。 整体8。 rebound rband n. 回弹；篮板球vi. 回升；弹回vt。 使弹回9。 *reshuffle rif()l vt。 重新洗牌；改组；重作安排n。 重新洗牌；改组10. sluggish slg adj. 萧条的；迟钝的；行动迟缓的;懒惰的n。 市况呆滞；市势疲弱11. *stutter stt vi。 结结巴巴地说话n。 口吃，结巴vt. 结结巴巴地说出12。take a toll v。产生负面影响;造成损失13.unnerved nn：vd adj. 气馁的；烦恼不安的v. 使失去气力；使焦躁14。vicious vs a.恶毒的,凶残的，邪恶的15.vocal vk()l a.声音的;有声的;歌唱的 n。元音；声乐作品16. woe w n。 悲哀，悲痛；灾难点评本文陈述了智利受经济危机、政治丑闻影响之后，逐渐反弹的过程。文章引用丰富，论证充分。段I独句成段，交代了全文的背景，指出智利面临当今经济危机的原因.句点名智利面临困局的原因：商业信心被总统米歇尔巴奇莱特的改革项目、由腐败丑闻引发的政治危机渐渐破坏。段II通过政府对经济状况预测的修正，点明事实：智利经济的确不容乐观.句指出，周一的时候，政府将预测财政增长率为3.6调低至2.5,这反映了政府对经济发展也不乐观，因而调低对增长率的预测。句则是对这两年经济状况的回顾：在这之前，2014年1.9的增长率已是自全球金融危机以来最低的数字。段III 引用财政部大臣的话，展示智利政府对经济危机的态度,指出，经济增长率已经被重新看做政府任务的中心.段IV呈现政府为了恢复经济状况所采取的措施：实施了重要的宏观经济调控，为了更强劲的经济增长扫清道路,并展示其成果：智利经济已经转危为安。段V反映一系列改革背后的目的：企图重新恢复智利作为世界顶级精铜金属生产者的地位.而此地位曾受下跌的商品价格所打击。段VI呈现改革项目的另一个措施：企图通过改进素质教育解决不平等问题，进而通过描写经济改革并未凑效，引出背后的原因之一:政治丑闻.段VII是对政治丑闻案的概括:巴切莱特女士的儿子为了确保银行贷款，滥用职权。段VIII指出，此案件对巴切莱特女士的人气大受打击.段VIV 则详述她的支持率如何跌至新低：她的支持率7月份只有27，这是从一年多前她的第二个总统任期期间的54%的支持率开始下降。段X是过渡段，既回应上文对巴切莱特女士跌落的陈述，指出政治丑闻的确阻碍经济发展,又通过引用财政部大臣罗德里戈的话，指出丑闻的另一方稍微没那么负面的影响:能淡化民众恐惧，转移注意力。段XI、XII、XIII、XIV、XV集中阐述财政部大臣罗德里戈对未来经济改革的措施。大部分段落均独句成段。段XI直接引用罗德里戈的话语，句句是总分关系，本段指出，智利有保持理智的传统。有能力作出必要的决定，逃避政治污染经济，经济又恶化政治的恶性循环。段XII指出，改革的关键步骤在于提高商业部门之间的联系。从而对对去年通过提高公司税收，投资教育支出这一举措进行直言不讳的批评。段XIII指出，改革存在不足之处,例如宪法改革问题给商业、贸易工会带来缺失自信的情况。段XIV和段 XV对改革措施进行总结,认为要加强对话，理解彼此,这样才能增强信心。【外刊赏读】卫报，2015年9月6日本文节选自英国卫报上一篇题为“Germanys response to the refugee crisis is admirable。 But I fear it cannot last的文章，主要分析了德国当前对待叙利亚难民的做法，剖析了其中的原因，并从历史的角度，通过比较德国两次移民数量大幅上升的不同,分析了德国目前这种做法的不可持续性。文章分析入理,从历史与现实分析当前德国难民大量涌入的问题，是一篇值得我们学习的英文佳作.原文Sometimes German words end up having an international career. Kindergarten is one of them， Blitzkrieg another. Willkommenskultur could be next。 With its uniquely German ring of bureaucratese and poetics， Willkommenskultur means “welcome culture” and is a word not born of custom but created to establish one.Coined by politicians a few years ago, it was originally meant to be the siren call that would attract people from other countries to come to Germany and compensate for a big shortage of skilled workers in vast, sparsely populated areas such as Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern。These days Willkommenskultur is used to encourage help for the hundreds of thousands of refugees coming to Germany. And thousands of Germans have pitched in； they take food and clothes to the camps， take refugees to meetings with the authorities in their own cars, pay their fares, foot their medical bills， teach German， translate forms, share couches and bikes, act as nannies, open up soccer clubs， schools and kindergartens for refugee kids， and go on demonstrations against rightwing attacks across the country。Those with a particularly sensitive ear may detect an air of passive aggression in the manner in which Germans seek to highlight their goodness these days. The public mood is so empathically prorefugee， youd feel guilty if you didnt at least do the bare minimum， such as offer your spare bed to a Syrian. Its as if a year after the World Cup triumph in Rio, Germans desperately want to be world champions again this time as the globes most welcoming country for refugees.And yet， there is something new to all this. The last time there was a major spike in immigration into Germany, in the 90s， refugees were largely left to their own devices. Only the radical left， the churches and a few engaged private individuals offered organised help. All the while they were coming under direct attack from neo-Nazis in Hoyerswerda or RostockLichtenhagen。This became a worldwide symbol of the new “ugly German”。 With overseas prestige under threat, the majority reacted: even middle-sized towns got their own Rock Against Racism gig and the government organised candlelit demonstrations. For all that, in 1993， the Bundestag de facto abolished the right of asylum. When that occurred, it was left once again to leftwing activists， the churches and immigrants to protest. The plight of the other had once again become a niche concern。翻译有些德语单词最后会赢得国际名声。Kindergarten（幼儿园）是其中之一，Blitzkrieg（闪电战）是另一个。Willkommenskultur有望成为下一个.它带有独特的德语式官腔和诗学，意为“欢迎文化”。这个词并非诞生于传统之中，而是为建立一个新传统而生.该词几年前由政客创造，起初是作为一种诱人的召唤，吸引其他国家的人到德国来，弥补在诸如勃兰登堡和梅克伦堡前波美拉尼亚州等地广人稀地区技工严重短缺问题. 这些天Willkommenskultur用来鼓励人们帮助数以万计前来德国的难民。数千名德国人已经投身其中；他们携带食品和衣物到营地，自己驱车带难民与当局会面，为他们支付车费和医疗费，教他们德语,为他们翻译表格，与他们分享睡椅和自行车，像保姆一样照顾他们，开放足球俱乐部、学校和幼儿园给难民的孩子，游行示威抗议右翼势力在全国范围的攻击。那些拥有极度敏感耳朵的人，或许能在德国人这些天寻求凸显他们善意的方式中觉察到一丝被动侵犯之感。公众情绪是如此深有同感地支持难民，以至于你会为自己未尽一点绵薄之力（如把你的空床提供给叙利亚人)而感到愧疚.似乎在里约赢得世界杯冠军一年之后，德国人迫切想要再次成为世界冠军这一次是作为全球最欢迎难民的国家。不过,所有这些又有点不同。上一次德国移民数量大幅上升是在1990年代，当时移民们多数无依无靠，自生自灭。只有极左派人士、教会以及少数受雇的个人向他们提供有组织的帮助。从始至终，他们都在霍耶斯韦达或罗斯托克利希滕哈根的新纳粹分子的直接攻击下前来德国的.这成为了世界范围内新“丑陋德国人”的象征。随着海外声誉岌岌可危,多数派开始行动：即使是中等规模的城镇也有他们自己的“摇滚对抗种族主义”（Rock Against Racism）的演出,政府也组织烛光示威.尽管如此，1993年联邦议会实际上废除了避难权。在那之后，左翼活动家、教会以及移民再一次进行抗议.他人的困境再一次成为了少数人担心的问题。词汇短语1。 *bureaucratese ，bjrkrtiz n。 官腔2。 siren sarn adj。 迷人的3。 sparsely sprsli adv. 稀疏地4。 pitch in投入； 作出贡献5。 empathically empikli adv。 移情作用地6。 spike spak n. 突然上升，剧增7。 left to ones own devices 自生自灭，无依无靠8。 de facto di:fktu adv。 实际上9. abolish bl vt. 废除10。 *asylum salm n。 收容所11。 plight plat n. 困境（注：标的为超纲词）点评段从个别德语单词在全世界的流行说起，为下文的论述做前期铺垫。句为主题句,指出一些德语单词最后会赢得国际名声.句论证句。End up （to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in,最终成为，最后处于)说明了这种情况的偶然性。句则用Kindergarten和Blitzkrieg两个德语单词加以佐证.句引出了文章讨论的话题：Willkommenskultur(欢迎文化）。作者谨慎地认为这个单词有可能成为下一个流行全球的德语单词。Could be体现了不确定的态度，说明了一种可能性。句解释了Willkommenskultur这个词，分析了它的特征,指出它并非脱胎于传统,而是要开创新规。段一句成段，说明当初发明该词的用意是为了吸引外国技工到德国来，照应段句中的end up,说明词汇最终会处于何种境地并非我们能预料到。段说明了Willkommenskultur这个词如今的用场：鼓励人们帮助数以万计前来德国的难民。句说明德国民众是如何从方面帮助难民的，体现这个词的号召力之大。也从侧面说明其之所以能够赢得国际名声的原因.段句说明德国人这些天寻求凸显他们善意的方式会令极度敏感的人有一丝被动侵犯之感。句中的goodness即指上段句中德国人对难民的种种善行.句是对句的具体说明。公众情绪是如此深有同感地支持难民，以至于你会为自己未尽一点绵薄之力而感到愧疚.句作者不无揶揄之意，将德国民众的这股热情与去年赢得世界杯冠军相提并论，称他们要赢得最欢迎难民国家的世界冠军。Desperately流露出作者不甚认可做法之意。段作者用yet进行转折，转而叙述这一现象背后的新发现。作者介绍过去德国对待难民的做法，从中可以推知德国之后将会如何对待难民.移民先是自生自灭，得到的帮助很少，还要遭受新纳粹的直接攻击。Left to their own devices, only， direct attack说明了当时难民出境之艰难。面对海外声誉的岌岌可危,德国多数派采取行动,通过各种活动支持难民，其中既有民间活动也有官方活动。句用for all that（尽管如此)转折，说明情况并非一路好转：1993年联邦议会实际上废除了避难权。句说明了由此导致的结果：难民得到的帮助大幅减少，他们的困境无人问津.作者通过过往历史暗示如今德国人如此善待难民的做法并不可持续，可能重蹈历史的覆辙。【外刊赏读】经济学人,2015年8月22日本文选自经济学人杂志中一篇名为“An affair to remember”的文章。本文以Ashley Madison网站（一家专门为已婚人士提供交友、约会服务的社交网站） 信息泄露事件为背景,讲述了这一事件的原因及影响,揭露了网络安全问题的严重性，为网络安全敲响了警钟。原文The hackers motives are unclear。 In their statements they denouncethe “fraud，deceit and stupidity” of both Ashley Madisons parent company, Avid Life Media， and the sites users。 Their complaint against Avid Life is supposedly that the site is a scam，because the vast majority of its users are men, who have to buy credits to access its services. But Impact Teams supposed sympathy for these dupes is hard to square with the hackers decision to release all the data， and their moralising exhortation to the people thus exposed: “learn your lesson and make amends”. It seems most likely that Impact Team, like other hacker groups before it, is simply doing this for fun。Some think Ashley Madisons users have got what they deserve. But this data breach could have far more public and visible consequences than previous heists, such as the theft of customer data from retailers, tax records from Americas Internal Revenue Service， or even securityclearance data from the Office of Personnel Management. Marriages will be destroyed, reputations shredded and hypocrisies revealed. People may lose their jobs. Celebrity magazines and gossip columnists will have a field day.There will be muchdiscussion of modern attitudes to marriage and fidelity.But perhaps the greatest significance of this episode is that it illustrates, more vividly than ever before， the woeful state of internet security.It would be wrong to blame technology for human failings, but by removing friction from existing activities order a cab with Uber， buy a book from Amazon， summon a song via Spotify, find a date on Tinder it can subtly steer peoples behaviour。 Ashley Madisons sales pitch, emblazoned on huge billboards,was that the anonymity of the web could make having an affair easy and riskfree. Its website (“Over 38,920，000 anonymous members!”) offers a threemonth money-back guarantee and is festooned with logos and icons emphasising trustworthiness， security anddiscretion。 Such promises were evidently irresistible to the sites millions of registered users and to the hackers who have revealed just how hollow these claims really were。 No doubt some people signed up on a whim，while going through a rough patch in a relationship, or while drunk。In the past, the mere contemplation of infidelity left no physical traces.But now millions of peoples thoughts and deeds are open to publicscrutiny。The truth is that the internet is bad at keeping secrets. The theft of personal information from large companies and government agencies has become so routine that most such breaches are quickly forgotten。 For most people, it is merely an occasional inconvenience. If your creditcard number is stolen, you can get another one; if your password is compromised， you can change it. Identity theft and fraud are more troublesome. But every time another data breach is greeted with no more than a collectiveshrug, companies decisionnot to devote more attention to data security isvindicated。 The Ashley Madison breach is different， because it threatens to destroy families and end careers. Avid Lifes security seems to have been no worse than that of many other companies， but its database contains information far more sensitive than mere financial details。 If its theft proves to be the wake-up call that encourages companies to start taking security more seriously, then at least some good will have come from this sorry affair.翻译黑客的动机尚不清楚.在其声明中,他们谴责了Ashley Madison网站的母公司Avid Life Media以及网站用户的“欺骗、谎言和愚蠢”.他们对Avid Life的不满据推测是认为这个网站是一个骗局,因为其用户的绝大部分都是男性，他们需要购买点数来获取其服务.但是Impact Team被猜测的对那些受骗用户的同情却很难符合黑客做出发布所有数据的决定以及他们对因此而被披露的人们的道德说辞：“吸取教训,弥补过错”.看起来最可能的是Impact Team像它之前其他的黑客团伙一样,这么做只是因为好玩。一些人认为Ashley Madison的用户是罪有应得.但是这个数据泄露事件却可能有着比之前的泄露事件（之前的泄露事件如从零售商那里窃取顾客信息，从美国国内收入署窃取纳税记录,甚至是从人事管理局那里窃取忠诚度调查数据）大得多的公共和可见的影响.婚姻毁灭,名誉扫地，虚伪暴露.人们可能会失去工作，名人杂志和八卦专栏作家会大做文章，将会有很多关于对婚姻和忠诚的新式态度的讨论。但是这个事件的最大的影响也许是它比之前更生动地说明了网络安全的可悲状态。因为人类的过失而指责科技是错误的，但是将现有活动中的摩擦力去除，如用Uber叫车，从Amazon上买书,通过Spotify点歌，在Tinder上交友，却能潜移默化地引导人们的行为。Ashley Madison在巨大的广告牌上的宣传说辞是网站的匿名性能够让婚外恋情轻松而且无风险。它的网站(“超过38，920，000匿名用户）提供三个月退款保障，并且装饰有标识和图标强调其可信、安全、谨慎。显然这类承诺对于网站百万注册用户来说是不可抗拒的，对于揭露了这些生命实际是多么空洞的黑客来说也是不可抗拒的。毫无疑问，一些人只是当在一段感情中经历一个困难时期或在喝醉时,一时兴起而注册了该网站。过去仅仅是不忠的意图不会留下有