新高一知识衔接-定语从句.doc

复合句-—--定语从句 费县实验中学 朱宗彩
概念
什么是主从复合句？
1。 There's a photo competition. （简单句）
I want to win. (简单句）
2。 There’s a photo competition and I want to win. （并列句）
简单句 并列连词 简单句
3。 There's a photo competition that I want to win. （复合句)
主句 引导词 从句
主句(main clause； principal clause）∶即句子的主体,能单独使用或出现的句子。
从句（Subordinate Clause)：在复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who，whom，when，why,where， how，which等引导词引导的非主句部分.
什么是定语从句？
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 定语从句在句中做定语成分。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词（或代词）之后， 这种名词(或代词） 叫做先行词.通俗地说，先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的词。
从句的特点：①由引导词引导;②从句的时态要服从于主句；③从句的语序为陈述句的语序；
  定语从句的结构通常为：先行词 + 引导词 + 从句
先行词 引导词
e。g。:I’m looking for the photos that you took in Australia. 定语从句（that为引导词，在从句中代替 the photos.）
引导定语从句的关联词分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中代替先行词。
关系代词(who， whom， whose， that， which等) 在定语从句中可用作主语、定语、宾语等；
关系副词(when, where, why等)在定语从句中只用作状语.
（一)关系代词引导的定语从句：
先行词
关系代词用：
在定语从句中充当的成分
人
who
主/宾
whom
宾
人/物
that
主/宾
物
which
主/宾
人/物
whose
定语
关系代词当宾语时可省略

e.g.：The photo (which) we liked best was taken by Zhao Min 定语从句
(which 为引导词，在从句中代替 the photo,并做从句中的宾语，可以省略。 )
whose 的用法：
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时,它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e。g。 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize →The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.
2。 The book is not mine。 The cover of it is red。 →______________________________________________。
3。 I lost a book. The title of it I can't remember now。 →______________________________________________。
用恰当的关系代词完成下面的句子：（用横线划出主句.再用波浪线划出先行词）
1) I don’t like the person ____________ talks much but does little。
2) The cars _______________ are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
3） She is the person __________________________I met at the school gate yesterday。
4) The book ____________________ my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”。
5） What’s the name of the young man __________________ sister is a doctor？
6） The girl _____________________father is a teacher studies very hard。
如何将两个简单句合成一个含定语从句的复合句？
      步骤：①找到先行词； ②确定主句;（翻译）
③在整个从句之前加上引导词，且将从句中的“先行词”去掉，然后放在主句的先行词之后.
Example: ① Mr. Smith had brought a car。 
② The car was destroyed in an earthquake。
 分析：①先行词car；②主句：The car was destroyed in an earthquake。
③ Mr。 Smith had brought a car. → which ∕ that Mr. Smith had bought。
  结论： ④The car which / that Mr。 Smith had bought was destroyed in an earthquake。
练习:Practice makes perfect!
1. The building is our school。 The building stands by the lake。→The building __________________is our school。
2. Here is the girl. The girl wants to see you。 → Here is the girl ___________________.
3。 Yesterday we bought a book. The book is really hard to understand。→ _______________________________。
4. Is this the play? We will see the play next month。 → ________________________________________？
5。 Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi’an. →____________________________________________________.
6。 I live in the room。 Its windows face south。 →_______________________________________________.
7。 The chair has been repaired。 The leg of it was broken。 →_______________________________________。
(二）关系副词引导的定语从句：
先行词
关系副词用:
在定语从句中充当的成分
时间名词
When=at/in/on which
时间状语
地点名词
Where=at/in/on which
地点状语
原因名词
Why=for which
原因状语
E。g。 当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语,这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
e。g. 1。 I will never forget the day。/ I went to university on that day
→ I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university。
2. He still remember the morning。 / The earthquake happened on that morning。
→______________________________________________________________
当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
e.g. 3。 This is the house。 / He used to live in the house。 →______________________________________________.
4. His uncle works in a factory          bicycles are made．A．that        B．which          C．where           D．there
先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for ＋which来代替:
e。g. 5。 I don’t know the reason。 / He did it for this reason. →___________________________________________________。
6。 This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting。 A. in which B. with which C。 that D。 for which
注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
e.g。 1。 This is the house He visited it yesterday. →This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday
2。 This is the house. He once lived in it。 → This is the house where/in which he once lived。
Practice makes perfect！
Group1： We will remember the day. We spent the day together。 →______________________________________
We will remember the day. We worked on this day together。 →________________________________
Group2：. This is the reason. They told me the reason. →______________________________________
This is the reason. He turned(拒绝) the job for the reason。 →______________________________________
Group3: This is the factory。 My mother works in the factory. →______________________________________
This is the factory. we visited the factory last week. →______________________________________

（三）定语从句中特别注意的几个问题
1． 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1)、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句,主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e。g。 I was the only person in our office who was invited。
2）、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导.
e。g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty， still works hard day and night。
(who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
2．that与which的区别
1）用that而不用 which的情况
①.当先行词是all， little, few， much， something， everything, anything， nothing,等不定代词时
e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
②。 当先行词被only, any， few， little, no, all， just, very（恰好的，表示强调）等词修饰时。
例如：The only thing that we could do was to wait. That’s the very thing that we can do。
③。 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
例如：The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
④。主句是以who, when等开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复。
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost？/
⑤。当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
e。g. We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.
⑥人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。
例如：He is no longer the man that he was.
快速划出下列定语从句引导词只用that的标志词语。（练就火眼金睛)
1）He was the first person that passed the exam. 2）This is the highest building that I have seen。
3）Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 4）He answered few questions that the teacher asked。
5）This is the same bike that I lost。 6）Daming was the last pupil that got to school yesterday. 
7）I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room。
8)Who is the girl that is crying？ 9）Which is the book that you want to borrow。文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络

（   ) 1。I don’t know the teacher _____ is talking with Miss Wang。  A. what  B。 whom  C。 who  D。 which
(   ） 2。 All the children like the teachers _______ can understand them.  A。 who  B。 which  C。 what    D。 whom
( ） 3.This is the best way ______ has been used against pollution。 A. where   B。 why  C。 which  D 。that
（ ）4.The result of the experiment was very good，______ we hadn’t expected。 A. when  B。 that  C。 which  D. who
（ ) 5。Beijing is the 29th city ___ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that  C. which  D what
（ ） 6。 He like music____ he could dance to。 A. who B. that C。 whom D。 what
（ ) 7。 The last place          we visited was the Great Wall．A．which        B．that        C．where         D．it
（2）用which而不用 that的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句;②指代前面整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词
e。g。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
This is the room in which my father lived last year。
3。 介词+关系代词”考点分析
关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前,但介词提前时,关系代词只能用which 或whom
e.g. 1). The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now。
→The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner。
2）。 The chair is made of wood。 He is sitting on it now。 →The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood。
3). He is a library assistant。 I borrowed some books from him。 →_________________________________________。
4）. It is a famous school。 He graduated from it 3 years ago. →__________________________________________.
介词的确定不外乎三条：一是根据句子意思表达的需要。二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配 。三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配.
根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配： 1)。 Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？
2)．The man ____ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B。 whom C。 to whom D。 to who
3)．The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbor。
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D。 which
根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配:
1) This is our classroom， in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
2） Wu Dong， _______whom I went to the concert， enjoyed it very much.
3） This is Peter _______whose house I have lived for five years.

1)。 It is reported that two schools， _____ are being built in my hometown， will open next year.
A .they both B. which both C. both of them  D。 both of which
2). Last week， only two people came to look at the house， _____ wanted to buy it
A。 none of them B。 both of whom C. none of whom D. neither of whom
3）. He was educated at the local high school， ______ he went on to Beijing University。
A. after which B. after that C。 in which D。 in that
4)。 I was given three books on cooking, the first ______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D。 which
巩固与提升
选出最佳选项：
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace。A. Which B. where C。 what D。 in which
2. Do you know the man _______?A。 whom I spoke B。 to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3。 This is the hotel _______last month.
A。 which they stayed B。 at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D。 where they stayed
4。 Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded？
A。 which B。 that C。 when D。 on which
5. That is the day ______I’ll never forget. A。 which B。 on which C。 in which D. when
6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A。 where B. to which C. which D。 in which
7。 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working。
A。 where B. that C. which D。 there
8. This is one of the best films _______。
A。 that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D。 that you talked
9。 Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B。 which you talked C. about that you talked D。 that you talked
10. The pen ______he is writing is mine。 A. with which B. in which C. on which D。 by which
11。 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy。 A. whom B。 who C。 which D。 that
12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A。 to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13。 It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country？ A. who B。 who’s C. which D. whose
14。 I'm interested in ______you have said. A。 all that B。 all what C. that D. which
15。 I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday。A. which B. who C。 what D。 as
16。 He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B。 whom C。 that D。 as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know。 A. that B. as C。 whom D。 what
18. Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much。
A。 I went with B。 with whom I went C. with who I went D。I went with him
19. I don’t like ______ as you read. A。 the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D。 same novels
20。 He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school。
A。 which B. that C. whom D. what
21。 The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A . which B。 that C. whom D. who
22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers， two thirds of ____are women。 A。 them B. which C. whom D。 who
23。You're the only person ______I’ve ever met ______could do it.A. who；/ B./； whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24. I lost a book, ______I can’t remember now。 A。 whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25。 Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world。
A. for which B。 for that C. in which D. what
26。 I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV。 A。 that B。 which C. as D。 it
27。I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A。 when； which B。 which； when C. what； that D. on which； when
28. The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./
29。This is the reason ______he didn’t come to the meeting. A. in which B。 with which C。 that D。 for which
30。This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A。 after which I have looked B。 which I have looked after C。 that I have looked after D。 I have looked after
用定语从句提升下面的短文:
Our class is a big family ; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys。 Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind—hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him。
请用所学的定语从句完成下面的写作:
My friend is a girl of 16， ___________.（她的名字是…） She is fond of ________________________ ____________________in her spare time. She is an _________________(易相处的） girl, who ________________________（与同学处得很好）. Besides, she is also an_________________ （聪明的）girl， whose _____________________ ________________________ (数学在月考中班级第一）。 What’s more important, she is a ________________ ____(热心的) girl， who ________________（总放学后帮着打扫教室）。 She lends to me the books______________________(他刚买的书）.
In a word, She is a girl ___________________ （我们应该向她学习）。 I am proud of owning a friend who are willing to help _______________（那些有困难的人）。
Writing： 要点包括
1. 你朋友的姓名，年龄,性别
2. 爱好: 绘画，打篮球
3. 性格开朗，能够同学友好相处。有责任心，能按时收发作业。成绩优异，乐于助人。
4. 需要向他/她学习。