八年级英语下册Unit6知识梳理牛津译林版.doc

8B Unit 6 知识梳理一、重点单词blind adj.瞎的,盲的 (blindness n.); deaf adj. 聋的； disabled adj. 残疾的; elderly adj.上了年纪的 (elder,); homeless adj. 无家可归 (home); group n. 小组， v. 分组； tough adj. 困难的,费力的 (hard,difficult); within prep. 在.之内； hill n. 小山； mountain n. 高山；excellent adj.极好的 （an excellent chance） chance n.机会； spirit n. 精神，灵魂； record n.& v. 记录； fitness n. 健康 （fit adj.）; aid n.帮助； first-aid adj. 急救的； airline n.航班； countryside n. 乡村，农村； gentleman n. 君子，先生 （gentlemen）; grandchild n. 孙子，孙女；handwriting n. 手写，书法； headache n. 头痛； overcoat n. 外套；pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼； postman n. 邮递员 (postmen);toothbrush n. 牙刷； upstairs adv. 在楼上 （downstairs）;rainy adj. 有雨的 （rain n.）; umbrella n. 雨伞 （an umbrella）attention n. 主意，专心； lost adj. 迷路的,迷失的 （lose-lost-lost v.）;wise adj.明智的，充满智慧的（wisdom n.）； perfect adj.极好的，完美的; wine n. 葡萄酒，酒；further adj更多的,更进一步的 (far,farther/further,farthest/furthest adv.).二、重点短语1.a charity walk 慈善步行 2.a disabled person 残疾人,丧失能力的人3.a homeless person 无家可归的人 4.an elderly person 上年纪的人5.one of the biggest fund-raising events 最大的筹款活动之一6.be known as 作为而闻名 7.be known for 因/以而闻名8.group into a team of four 组成四人一队 9.a tough hike 一场艰苦的徒步旅行10.an excellent chance 一次极好的机会 11.team spirit 团队精神12.finishing time 完成时间 13.keep you comfortable 使你保持舒适14.at least 至少 15.support development projects 支持发展项目 16.try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事 17.in need 需要18.take part in 参加 19.take place=happen 发生20.find two more people 再找两个人 21.support teams 服务队伍 22.900 metres high 900百米高 23.support and help each other 相互支持和帮助 24.open space 开阔的空间 25.fresh air 新鲜的空气 26.enjoy the beautiful view of the country 欣赏乡村美景 27.pay attention to 注意 28.get lost 迷路29.look down on sb. 瞧不起某人 30.provide a chance to study 提供学习机会31.mobile phone 手机 32.close to 靠近33.an application form 一份申请书(申请表格) 34.miss the chance 错过机会35.三、重点句型1. Its meaningful to support charities. 支持慈善事业是有意义的。it在句中作形式主语，其真正主语是动词不定式短语to support charities。原句可改为：To support charities is meaningful.动词不定式短语直接作主语时，往往显得“头重脚轻”，因此，现代英语中通常用it作主语来代替。如：Its very necessary to learn a foreign language. 学好一门外语很有必要。It took them three hours to finish the work. 完成这项工作，他们花了三个小时。2. I dont think you will even finish your walk. 我认为你将完成不了你的步行。原句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,support等词时，从句的否定形式应前移到主句中，译为汉语时仍在从句中译出。如：I dont believe they have won the game. 我相信他们没有取得比赛的胜利。I dont think he is right. 我认为他是不正确的。注意：在构成反意疑问句时，时态和人称都按从句来定。因此上述两句可改为：I dont believe they have won the game, have they?I dont think he is right, is he? 3. People over eighteen can group themselves into a team of four people and join this charity walk. 十八岁以上的人可以四人一组参加这次慈善毅行者活动。group作为名词，意为“组、群、队”；作为动词，意为“组成小组、分组聚集”。如：A group of children visited the museum last week. 上星期一群孩子参观了博物馆。We can group our class into teams of eight students. 我们可将我们班分成多个八人小组。The children grouped themselves round the hero. 孩子们围在英雄的周围。4. This will be an experience you will never forget. 这将是你永不忘怀的体验。There will be是there be句型的一般将来时形式, 同学们对此经常会出些差错。如：误:There will have a class meeting this afternoon.正:There will be a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午将要开班会。误:There is going to hold the Olympic Games of 2008 in Beijing.正:There is going to be the Olympic Games of 2008 in Beijing.2008年在北京将要举办奥运会。5. It is wrong that some people look down on blind people. 一些人看不起盲人是错误的。A.“It is + 形容词+ that从句”是一个固定结构，表示对某些事情提出看法或意见。其中 it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。that从句通常位于句末。如：It is necessary that you start training a few months before the walk. 在行走活动之前几个月开始训练是很有必要的。It is true that we should learn English well before we leave school. 毕业之前我们应学好英语倒是真的。It is clear that Jenny did a good deed. 很显然，詹妮是做了一件好事。(2) look down on sb.意为“看不起某人”。与look相关的短语很多。如：look forward to 指望,盼望 look sb. In the face 注视某人的脸look out 留神，当心,物色 look over 检查look through 浏览6. It is useful to have support teams. 拥有补给队是有用处的。(1)support作为动词，意为“支持,支撑,赞助,拥护”。如：They supported a roof by pillars. 他们用柱子支撑房顶。Theman supported himself with a stick. 那人用手杖支撑自己。All of us should support ourselves. 我们都应自食其力。support也可作名词，意为“支持,帮助”等。7.Thanks to the support from local businesses we succeeded. 幸亏当地工商企业的支持和帮助，我们才取得了成功。“It is +形容词+动词不定式”也是个固定结构，it是形式主语,动词不定式才是真正的主语。如：It is boring to walk with a dog. 牵着狗散步令人讨厌。It is very interesting to walk on the moon. 在月球上行走很有趣。8. It is impossible for him to finish it in ten hours. 对他来说，在十小时内完成是不可能的。“It is +形容词+for sb.+不定式”是一个简单句，it也是形式主语。For是介词“对于来说，相当于”，其宾语在逻辑上是后面动词不定式的主语。这是动词不定式的复合结构。如：It is hard for me to catch up with my classmates in one month. 对我来说，要在一个月内赶上同学们是很困难的。It is meaningful for us to join Oxfam Trailwalker.我们参加毅行者活动是有意义的。It is useless for them to waste time. 他们白白地浪费时间是没有用的。4. It is about 900 metres high and the only hill in Sunshine Town. 它约九百米高，是阳光城唯一的山。About 900 metres high意为“约九百米高”，形容词high用于句末，类似的短语很多。如：The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometres long. 长城有六千多公里长。The huge stone is about nine tons weighty. 这块巨石约九吨重。The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. “绿色长城”长七千公里，宽在四百到一千七百公里之间。Australia is thousands of kilometres away from China. 澳大利亚距中国数千公里远。5. If we go there early in the morning, we may even hear the birds sing. 要是我们一大早去那儿，也许会听到鸟儿唱歌。（1）情态动词may表示可能性，意为“也许，大概，或许”。如：Sorry, I havent any books about history. Ask Lucy, she may have one. 很抱歉，我没有历史方面的书，问问露西，也许她有一本。情态动词can,may,must都可表示可能性和推测。如：She is over 90. She can fall ill at any time.她九十多岁了。说不准什么时候会病倒。She may be ill. But Im not sure. 她也许病倒了，但是我也说不准。A. hear是感官动词，意为“听见，听到”，后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。类似的动词还有notice,see,watch,find等。如：We watch our teachers play basketball after school every day. 每天放学后我们观看老师打篮球。Did you see him go out? 你看到他出去了吗？I find him get up very early every morning. 我发现每天早晨他起得很早。一些使役动词如make,let,have等，也接不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。如：Now, lets have a break. 我们休息一下吧!Nothing can make me turn against my homeland. 无论什么也不会让我背叛祖国。11. I was waiting for Wendy when I heard some music.我正在等温迪，这时听到了一些音乐。句中when意为“就在那时,这时”,常与过去进行时连用。如：I was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 我正要入睡,这时有人大声地敲门。We were enjoying our dinner when the doorbell rang. 我们正津津有味地吃饭，门铃响了。We were having English when the headmaster came into the classroom. 我们在上英语课，这时校长突然走进教室。12. If you are interested in hiking and helping poor children, dont miss this chance. 要是你徒步 远足和帮助贫困孩子感兴趣，就不要错过这次机会。A.be interested in意为“对感兴趣”。动词hike和help都是这一短语的宾语，也可以说是介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式，常见的介词有in, about, to, with,at等。如：You like swimming very much. What about skating? 你非常喜欢游泳，那么滑冰呢?He is interested in collecting stamps. 他对集邮感兴趣。Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. 每个人都应为环境保护作出一份贡献。Are you used to studying in this school? 在这所学校学习你习惯吗?B. miss是动词,意为“错过,没赶上,没遇见,未击中”等,用于反意疑问句中表示肯定意义。miss 还可以作“想念,挂念”讲。如：Because of the traffic jam, we missed the start of the movie.由于交通堵塞,我们没赶上看影片的开头。I missed the first part of the speech. 我没听到报告的第一部分。She said that she missed us very much. 她说她非常想念我们。13.The first ten people to finish the walk will each receive a souvenir. 最先完成这次慈善行走 的十个人,每人将获得一份纪念品。动词不定式to finish the walk作定语修饰名词people,意为“结束慈善行走的人”。如：I had no time to go to the centre of the city. 我没有时间去城市中心。The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来了。He was always the first to come and last to leave the office. 他总是第一个到办公室,最后一个离开。四、单元写作 1.能完成一张流程表和一篇关于慈善活动的网页文章,能组织语言和信息,描述活动中的细节。（见课本105页A和106页B） 2.话题：Huaibei School 将在六月十号下午四点举行一场SHOW FOR CHILDREN英语慈善演出。这次演出主要是为了那些穷孩子募集资金，为他们提供上学的机会。 通过这次活动，我们也可以提高自己的英语口语。如果您对此次活动感兴趣，您可以来学校办公室申请或登陆我们的网站申请。但申请必须在五月二十之前送给我们。捐款须在演出后的一周内筹好。参加此次活动的入将获得一份纪念品。若要进一步的信息，请拨打0527-8620699与我们联系。 范文： SHOW FOR CHILDRENOrganized byHuaibei School The aim of “Show for Children” is to raise money for the children who are too poor to go to school . Your donations can provide children with a chance to study .“Show for Children” will take place at Huaibei School on 10th June at 4 p.m . Well have a show in English and we can improve our spoken English. If you are interested in English and helping poor children ,please come and join us . You can come and get an application form in our school office . You can download in from our school website ,too . And you should return your application form by mail before 20th May . You must collect all donations within a week after the show .If you join us and make a show in English , youll receive a souvenir . For further information , please contact us on 0527-8620699.6用心 爱心 专心