英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料(专升本英语语法-词汇-阅读理解、翻译).doc

(完整版)英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料(专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)WORD 格式可编辑语法 七大语法考试重点一 独立主格（一）： 独立主格结构的构成:名词 ( 代词 )+现在分词、过去分词；名词 ( 代词 )+形容词；名词 ( 代词 )+副词；名词 ( 代词 )+不定式;名词 （ 代词 ） + 介词短语构成.（二) 独立主格结构的特点:1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished， we began our holiday。= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated， the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated， the whole country was in deep sorrow。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.This done, we went home。The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room, his ears red with cold。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二 过去完成时1) 概念：表示过去的过去其构成是 had + 过去分词构成。2） 用法a。 在 told, said, knew, heard， thought 等动词后的宾语从句。She said （that) she had never been to Paris.b。 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived， the thieves had run away。c. 表示意向的动词，如hope， wish， expect， think, intend， mean, suppose 等,用过去完成时表示 原本 ，未能 We had hoped that you would come， but you didn t。3） 过去完成时的时间状语 before, by, until ， when， after， once, as soon as 。He said that he had learned some English before。By the time he was twelve， Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party。专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑典型例题The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office。A. had written, left B，were writing， has left C. had written， had left D. were writing，had left注意: had no sooner than 刚 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it。三 强调结构考试重点：强调句型的基本形式 It is （was）+被强调部分+that （who） ；强调句型用来强调状语.一、强调句型的基本形式 It is （was）+被强调部分+that （who） 。二、强调句型用来强调状语.1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. where B。 in which C. which d。 that2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them。A. that B. which C。 what D。 who3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A. and she B。 when C。 she D。 that she四 情态动词考试重点：情态动词 +完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语.根据这几年的考试看,着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法.一、must + 现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr。 Green _ my letter， otherwise he would have replied before now.A。 must have received B. must have failed to receive C。 must receive D. mustfail to receive2、I believe he _ an accident， otherwise he would have arrived on time。A. would have had B. could have hadC。 should have had D. must have had二、should （ought to ）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B。 not to be done C. not to have done D。 not having done2、I m sorry I couldn t get in touch with him before he left， I _ him earlier.A。 had a telephone B. have phoned C。 should have phoned D. should be phoned三、could + 完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜,遗专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑憾。1、He could have joined us， but he didn t get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.五 虚拟语气考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法； if 的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以 wish （that ）引导的表示“愿望的宾语从句； would rather 引导的从句；以 as if， as though 引导的从句;以 suggest, advise， insist 等词后引导的宾语从句； It is necessary （ important ）that 引导的主语从句； It is time （that ） 句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法:虚拟(条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、 I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A。 had known B。 have known C。 knew D. know2、 Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A。 spoke B。 speak C。 had spoken D。 will speak3、 If Bob_ with us， he would have had a good time。A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came二、if 的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含 were , had， should 等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略 if 。1、_ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B。 Had I realizedC. Did I have realized that D。 As I realized2 、_, I should ask them some questions。A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C。 Were they come to us D. Hadthey come to us三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示, 而用其它方式来表示， 这样的句子叫含蓄条件句. 常用 with ,without ，but for .1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didn t achieve B。 would not have achieved C。 will not achieve D. don tachieve2、But for the rain， we _ a nice holiday。A. should have B。 would have had C。 would have D. will have had四、以 wish（that ）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语 wish 从句 （主语过去时） ；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语 wish + 从句（主语过去完成时）;专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college。A. could study B. studied C。 had studied D。 would studyI didn t go to the party， but I do wish I _ there.A. were B. would be C. had been D。 will be五、would rather 句子（过去时）1、I d _ you didn t touch that， if you don t mind.A. rather B. better C。 happier D. furtherI am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C。 came D. have come六、以 as if ，as though 引导的从句在 as if ，as though 引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同.1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world。A。 knows B。 knew C。 had known D。 would have known2、You are talking as if you had seen them七、以 suggest ，advise ，insist 等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+ 动词原形， should 可以省略。类似的动词有:propose, order ,demand， require ，request 等.1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C。 have D。 was going to have2、 His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A。 put on B. puts on C。 to put D. putting on八、It is necessary/important/urgent that 引导的主语从句中， 从句的谓语动词要用 should+原形动词， should 可以省略.1、It s desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week。A. comes B. will come C. come D。 may come2、It s urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A。 will be arranged B. must be arrangedC。 be arranged D. would be arranged九、It is time （that） 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时.1、It s high time we _ something to stop traffic accident。A。 do B。 will do C。 did D。 must do2 、Dont you think it is time you _ smoking？A。 give up B。 gave up C. would give up D. should give up专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑六 状语从句在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。一、时间状语从句常用的连词有: when，whenever（无论什么时候） ,since ,as，until ，hardly when，no sooner than ，as soon as ，before ，after ，the moment ,the minute (一 就 ）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it started raining hard。A. when B. than C。 then D。 after2、She has wanted to become a nurse _ since she was a young girl。A。 long B。 often C。 always D。 ever二、条件状语从句常用 if ，unless （除非，如果不）， as/so long as 只要.1、_ I m mistaken， I ve seen that man before.A。 Unless B。 If C. Because D。 Provided2、_ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine。A。 Until B。 Unless C. If D. Provided三、原因状语从句常用： because， as， since 。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用 because 引入；而 since 表示一种间接或附带的原因；用 as 只是提一下.1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.2 、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.四、让步状语从句常用 though/although ,as (尽管）, even if/though ，however,whatever ，wherever ，whoever，no matter how/what/who 等1、In short， _ he lives， a man belongs to some society.A。 whatever B. whenever C。 whichever D。 wherever2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema。A. No matter whoever you are B。 Whomever you areC. Whoever you are D。 No matter who are you3、_ you disagree with her， her idea is still worth considering。A. Even if B。 If only C。 Instead of D。 Despite of4 、Young _ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do。A。 that B. as C. although D。 however五、方式状语从句常用 as， just as， as if/though 等词。1、_ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. It B。 That C. What D。 As2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A。 knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑六、目的状语从句常用 so that ， in order that， lest (以免, 以防） ， in case 。1、I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A. in case B。 in case of C。 in order that D. for fear of2、I ll give you my phone number， so that you can call me when you arrive here.七、结果状语从句常用 so that, such thatThey are _ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A。 so diligent B。 such diligent C. so much diligent D. such very diligent七 主谓一致考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式,从句做主语; a number+of+ 复数名词和thenumber+of+ 可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时,谓语动词用单数.一、名词 physics （物理）, maths(数学）， news（新闻)， means(方法), works(工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词,它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式.Every means has been tried.二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery。A. to remain B。 remains C。 remain D. is remaining三、当主语是 a number+of+ 复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是 the number+of+ 可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数1、 A number of cars _ in front of my house.A。 was parked B。 were parking C. is parking D. are parked四、当主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接 as well as，along with ，togetherwith ，including ，accompanied by 等短语 +名词（代词）时,主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数.1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party。2、 No one but Jane and Tom was there then.五、当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数. 当主语是 each and ，every andevery ，many a and 结构时，谓语动词用单数。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party。2、 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education。专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑语法 语法词汇习题 （ 一)1. Water is _ short in many big cities。A. running B。 flowing C. becoming D. moving2。 Excuse me for _ you with such a small matter.A. troubling B。 taking C. interrupting D。 making3. This morning our water supply was _ because of the cold weather。A。 let down B. cut off C。 taken up D. brought away4. The market was filled with salted fish， _ the worst smell that you can imagine。A。 sending off B. giving up C. sending down D。 giving off5. It was because the applicant was too proud _ he failed in the interview。A. therefore B。 that C. so that D。 so6。 Tom used to live in California, _?A. used he B。 did he C. was he D。 didn t he7. So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.A. which B。 how C. what D。 that8. Never before _so highly successful in changing his surroundings。A。 man has been B. man is C。 has man been D。 is man9。 _ from the helicopter, the city looks very beautiful.A. Seeing B。 Having seen C。 Seen D. To see10。 The newspapers reported yesterday several _on the boundaries of these two countries.A。 incidents B. happenings C. events D。 accidents11. Some of the students in his class seem _to do their assignments。A。 boring B. interesting C. tiring D. unwilling12. Let s work hard to find _to the problem。A. an answer B. a way C. a method D。 a solution13。 They have developed techniques which are _ to those used in most factories。A. simpler B. better C. superior D. greater14。 At the beginning of this term ， our English teacher _a list of books for us to read.A. turned out B。 made out C. handed in D. passed on15。 I m sorry I have _dictionary。 You d better go to the library。A。 not such B。 not such a C。 not a such D。 no such a16. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident， she _in last month s marathonrace。A。 would participate B. might participateC. would have participated D. must participate17. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _.A。 taking B. take C. taken D. to take专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑18。 Liquids are like solids _they have a definite volume.A。 in which B。 that C. in that D。 which19。 When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game， he _go。A. couldn t help B. cannot do butC。 couldn t help but D。 just have to20。 I was surprised to find his article on such an _topic so _.A。 excited; boring B。 exciting； boredC。 exciting； boring D. excited; bored21. Tom likes _foreign coins。A. gathering B。 assembling C. collecting D。 accumulating22. Luckily， most sheep _the flood last month.A。 endured B。 survived C. opinion D。 passed23。 They thought about the problem for a long time but came to no _.A。 end B. result C。 opinion D. conclusion24. The real trouble _their lack of confidence in their abilities.A。 lies in B. lies on C。 lies about D。 lies off25。 The story was so funny that everyone _.A. laughed B. interested C。 amused D. joked26. He _me by two games to one。A. beat B. conquered C. gained D. won27. _, the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. Having made the decision B. Has the decision been madeC。 The decision having been made D. The decision has been made28。 The brain is capable of ignoring pain messages if _to concentrate on other activities。A. it allowed B。 allowed C。 is it allowed D. allowed it29. The child was sorry _his mother when he arrived at the station。A。 to miss B. having missed C。 missing D. to have missed30. There is no point _with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argue B。 to argue C. in arguing D。 of arguing32。 _ helping those who are unwilling to help themselves?A。 What sense is it about B。 What s the point ofC。 Whats the sense with D。 What point is it in33. It s almost a year since I left my mother。 I m really _ seeing her.A. looking back on B。 looking up toC. looking forward to D. looking out over34. If I found the book, I _ it to you。专业技术分享WORD 格式可编辑A。 will bring B。 would have broughtC。 would bring D. might have brought35. Criticism and selfcriticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes.A。 in that B。 in time C. in turn D。 in effect36. The audience is _ at last year s concert.A. much more than that B。 much larger than thatC. much larger than D。 large enough than37. It occurred to her that she might _ a homeless child.A。 adapt B. adopt C。 adjust D。 admit38。 He works too hard. That s _ is wrong with him。A。 how B. where C. why D。 what39。 All _ is peace and progress.A. what is needed B。 which is neededC. that is needed D。 for our needs40。 People cannot close their eyes to the facts _.A。 no longer B。 not any longerC. any longer D。 not longer语法 语法词汇习题 （ 二)1。 _ born in China， the boy was brought up in the USA。A. Although B. Since C. As D。 When2. _ is known to all, haste makes waste。A。 What B。 T